Magnesium in clinical stroke

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 205-216

  Saver, Jeffrey L ^a   Starkman, Sidney ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84872091547     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/UPO9780987073051.016     Document Type: Chapter

References (56)

1. Alberts MJ (1997) Hyperacute stroke therapy with tissue plasminogen activator. Am J Cardiol80(4C):29D-34D.
2. Alldredge BK, Gelb AM, Isaacs SM, Corry MD, Allen F, Ulrich S, Gottwald MD, O'Neil N, Neuhaus JM, Segal MR, Lowenstein DH (2001) A Comparison of Lorazepam, Diazepam, and Placebo for the Treatment of Out-of-Hospital Status Epilepticus. N Engl J Med 345:631-7.
3. Aslanyan S, Weir CJ, Muir KW, Lees KR (2007) Magnesium for treatment of acute lacunar stroke syndromes: further analysis of the IMAGES trial. Stroke 38:1269-73.
4. Bernard SA, Gray TW, Buist MD, Jones BM, Silvester W, Gutteridge G, Smith K (2002) Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med346:557-63.
5. Bhudia SK, Cosgrove DM, Naugle RI, Rajeswaran J, Lam BK, Walton E, Petrich J, Palumbo RC, Gillinov AM, Apperson-Hansen C, Blackstone EH (2006) Magnesium as a neuroprotectant in cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 131:853-61.
6. Bozik M, Bogousslavsky J, Fayad P, et al (2001) POST-010: Efficacy and safety of MaxiPost in patients with acute stroke. Neurology56(suppl 3):A76.
7. Bradford APJ, Muir KW, Lees KR, IMAGES Study Group (1998) IMAGES pilot study of intravenous magnesium in acute stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis8:86A.
8. Brott TG, Kaste M, Albers GW (2002) Analysis of the NINDS, ECASS I and ECASS II, and Atlantis data sets. In: 27th International Stroke Conference, San Antonio, TX.
9. California Acute Stroke Pilot Registry (CASPR) Investigators (2005) Prioritizing interventions to improve rates of thrombolysis for ischemic stroke. Neurology64:654-9.
10. De Keyser J, Sulter G, Luiten PG (1999) Clinical trials with neuroprotective drugs in acute ischaemic stroke: are we doing the right thing? Trends Neurosci22:535-40.
11. DeGraba TJ, Pettigrew LC (2000) Why do neuroprotective drugs work in animals but not humans? Neurol Clin18:475-93.
12. Ferguson KN, Kidwell CS, Starkman S, Saver JL (2004) Hyperacute treatment initiation in neuroprotective agent stroke trials. J Stroke Cerebrovas Dis13:109-12.
13. Fisher M, Ratan R (2003) New perspectives on developing acute stroke therapy. Ann Neurol53:10-20.
14. Galeas T, Ziogas G, Valotasiou B (1998) The role of magnesium (Mg)--a natural calcium (Ca) antagonist in the Ca channels of the platelets--in the treatment of MR, acute ischaemic stroke. In: Consensus Conference on Stroke, Edinburgh, UK: Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, p. 15.
15. Gorelick PB (2000) Neuroprotection in acute ischaemic stroke: a tale of for whom the bell tolls? Lancet 355:1925-6.
16. Green AR, Shuaib A (2006) Therapeutic strategies for the treatment of stroke. Drug Discovery Today11:681-93.
17. Haley EC, Jr., Lewandowski C, Tilley BC (1997) Myths regarding the NINDS rt-PA Stroke Trial: setting the record straight. Ann Emerg Med30:676-82.
18. Hong KS, Lee SJ, Hao Q, Liebeskind DS, Saver JL (2011) Acute Stroke Trials in the 1st decade of the 21th Century. Stroke42:e314.
19. Kaste M, Norrving B (2010) From the World Stroke Day to the World Stroke Campaign: one in six: act now! Int J Stroke5:342-3.
20. Kidwell CS, Liebeskind DS, Starkman S, Saver JL (2001) Trends in acute ischemic stroke trials through the 20th century. Stroke32:1349-59.
21. Lampl Y, Gilad R, Geva D, Eshel Y, Sadeh M (2001) Intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate in acute stroke: a randomized double-blind study. ClinNeuropharmacol24:11-5.
22. Lecrux C, McCabe C, Weir CJ, Gallagher L, Mullin J, Touzani O, Muir KW, Lees KR, Macrae IM (2008) Effects of Magnesium Treatment in a Model of Internal Capsule Lesion in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Stroke39:448-54.
23. Llanes JN, Kidwell CS, Starkman S, Leary MC, Eckstein M, Saver JL (2004) The Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS): a new measure to characterize stroke severity in the field. Prehosp Emerg Care8:46-50.
24. Longstreth WT, Jr., Fahrenbruch CE, Olsufka M, Walsh TR, Copass MK, Cobb LA (2002) Randomized clinical trial of magnesium, diazepam, or both after out-ofhospital cardiac arrest. Neurology59:506-14.
25. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ (2006) Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. Lancet367:1747-57.
26. Mack WJ, Kellner CP, Sahlein DH, Ducruet AF, Kim GH, Mocco J, Zurica J, Komotar RJ, Haque R, Sciacca R, Quest DO, Solomon RA, Connolly ES, Heyer EJ (2009) Intraoperative magnesium infusion during carotid endarterectomy: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Neurosurg110:961-7.
27. Muir KW (2000) Therapeutic potential of magnesium in the treatment of acute stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis9:257-67.
28. Muir KW (2001) Magnesium for neuroprotection in ischaemic stroke: rationale for use and evidence of effectiveness. CNS Drugs15:921-30.
29. Muir KW (2001) Systematic review of clinical trials of magnesium for acute stroke. Stroke31:379A.
30. Muir KW, Lees KR (1995) A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute stroke. Stroke26:1183-8.
31. Muir KW, Lees KR (1998) Dose optimization of intravenous magnesium sulfate after acute stroke. Stroke29:918-23.
32. Muir KW, Lees KR, Ford I, Davis S (2004) Magnesium for acute stroke (Intravenous Magnesium Efficacy in Stroke trial): randomised controlled trial. Lancet 363:439-45.
33. Muir KW, Teal PA (2005) Why have neuro-protectants failed?: lessons learned from stroke trials. J Neurol 252:1011-20.
34. Obrenovitch TP (1995) The ischaemic penumbra twenty years on. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Reviews 7:297-323.
35. Ovbiagele B, Kidwell CS, Starkman S, Saver JL (2003) Neuroprotective agents for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep3:9-20.
36. Rajajee V, Saver J (2005) Prehospital care of the acute stroke patient. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol8:74-80.
37. Reeves MJ, Arora S, Broderick JP, et al (2005) Acute stroke care in the US: results from 4 pilot prototypes of the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry. Stroke36:1232-40.
38. Sandercock PA, Counsell C, Gubitz GJ, Tseng MC (2008) Antiplatelet therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database Syst RevCD000029.
39. Sanossian N, Starkman S, Liebeskind DS, Ali LK, Restrepo L, Hamilton S, Conwit R, Saver JL, FAST-MAG Trial Investigators (2009) Simultaneous ring voiceover-Internet phone system enables rapid physician elicitation of explicit informed consent in prehospital stroke treatment trials. Cerebrovasc Dis28:539-44.
40. Saver J, Eckstein M, Stratton S, et al (2011) Field Administration of Stroke Therapy – Magnesium (FASTMAG) Phase 3 Trial. In: International StrokeConference, Los Angeles, CA.
41. Saver JL, Kidwell C, Eckstein M, Starkman S (2004) Prehospital neuroprotective therapy for acute stroke: results of the Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium (FAST-MAG) pilot trial. Stroke35:e106-8.
42. Saver JL, Kidwell CS, Leary MC, et al (2002) Results of the Field Administration of Stroke Treatment - Magnesium (FAST-MAG) pilot trial: a study of prehospital neuroprotective therapy. Stroke33:363-4.
43. Schaller B, Graf R (2004) Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: the pathophysiologic concept as a basis for clinical therapy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab24:351-71.
44. Scholler K, Zausinger S, Baethmann A, Schmid-Elsaesser R (2004) Neuroprotection in ischemic stroke--combination drug therapy and mild hypothermia in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Research1023:272-8.
45. Schwamm LH, Pancioli A, Acker JE, 3rd, et al (2005) Recommendations for the establishment of stroke systems of care: recommendations from the American Stroke Association's Task Force on the Development of Stroke Systems. Stroke36:690-703.
46. Sjostrom LG, Wester P (1994) Systematically induced hypermagnesemia increases the bioavailability of magnesium in rat brain. Soc Neurosci Abstr20:181.
47. Smith WS, Sung G, Saver J, et al (2008) Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Final Results of the Multi MERCI Trial. Stroke39:1205-12.
48. Song S, Saver J (2011) Growth of Regional Stroke Systems of Care in the United States in the First Decade of the 21st Century. Stroke42:e340.
49. Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) (1999) Recommendations for standards regarding preclinical neuroprotective and restorative drug development. Stroke30:2752-8.
50. Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable II (STAIR-II) (2001) Recommendations for clinical trial evaluation of acute stroke therapies. Stroke32:1598-606.
51. The European Ad Hoc Consensus Group (1998) Neuroprotection as initial therapy in acute stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis8:59-72.
52. The Penumbra Pivotal Stroke Trial Investigators (2009) The penumbra pivotal stroke trial: safety and effectiveness of a new generation of mechanical devices for clot removal in intracranial large vessel occlusive disease. Stroke40:2761-8.
53. Thurnau GR, Kemp DB, Jarvis A (1987) Cerebrospinal fluid levels of magnesium in patients with preeclampsia after treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate. Am J Obstet Gynecol1987:1435-8.
54. Wahlgren N, Ahmed N (2004) Neuroprotection in cerebral ischaemia: facts and fancies--the need for new approaches. Cerebrovasc Dis17 (Suppl 1):153-66.
55. Wester PO, Asplund K, Eriksson W, Hagg E, Lithner F, Strand T (1984) Infusion of magnesium in patients with acute brain infarction. Acta Neurol Scand70:143.
56. Yang Y, Li Q, Ahmad F, Shuaib A (2000) Survival and histological evaluation of therapeutic window of postischemia treatment with magnesium sulfate in embolic stroke model of rat. Neurosci Lett285:119-22.