Therapeutic potential of magnesium in the treatment of acute stroke

Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 257-267

  Muir, K W ^a  

^a SOUTHERN GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cerebrovascular disease; Clinical trials; Magnesium; Pharmacology; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL; CALCIUM ION; ENDOTHELIN 1; EXCITOTOXIN; MAGNESIUM; MAGNESIUM ION; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; PLACEBO;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; ECLAMPSIA; HUMAN; HYPOXIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MOUSE; NEUROPROTECTION; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; NONHUMAN; PREECLAMPSIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; STROKE; VASODILATATION;

EID: 0033660692     PISSN: 10523057     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/jscd.2000.20669     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. Magnesium metabolism: A review
2. Magnesium exchange between blood and cerebrospinal fluid
3. Decrease in total and free magnesium concentration following traumatic brain injury in rats
4. Regional pH and electrolyte homeostasis of cat brain after prolonged ischemia
5. 2+] following human focal cerebral ischemia
6. Synaptic activity mediates death of hypoxic neurons
7. Blockade of excitatory amino acid receptors protects anoxic hippocampal slices
8. Magnesium and cobalt, not nimodipine, protect neurons against anoxic damage in the rat hippocampal slice
9. Effect of changing extracellular levels of magnesium on spontaneous activity and glutamate release in the mouse neocortical slice
10. Presynaptic actions of adenosine are magnesium-dependent
11. 2+ of amino acid-induced depolarization of spinal neurones
12. Magnesium gates glutamate-activated channels in mouse central neurones
13. 2+ of N-methyl-D-aspartate-activated channels
14. Different sensitivities of NMDA receptor channel subtypes to noncompetitive antagonists
15. Control by asparagine residues of calcium permeability and magnesium blockade in the NMDA receptor
16. 2+-block site of the NMDA receptor channel
17. Multiple structural determinants of voltage-dependent magnesium block in recombinant NMDA receptors
18. 2+ block in NMDA receptor channels
19. 2+](i) and cGMP in cultured neocortical neurons: Evidence for distinct regulation of different responses
20. Quantitative studies on some antagonists of N-methyl D-aspartate in slices of rat cerebral cortex
21. The role of divalent cations in the N-methyl-D-aspartate responses of mouse central neurones in culture
22. Magnesium removal induces paroxysmal neuronal firing and NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal degeneration in cortical cultures
23. Functional and morphological changes induced by transient in vivo ischemia
24. 2+ of the NMDA-activated channel in cultured rat neurons
25. 2+ in cultured cortical neurons
26. Magnesium sulfate treatment decreases N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor binding in the rat brain: An autoradiographic study
27. Modulation by magnesium of the affinity of NMDA receptors for glycine in murine hippocampal neurones
28. Effect of magnesium on epileptic foci
29. Peripheral magnesium sulfate enters the brain and increases the threshold for hippocampal seizures in rats
30. Magnesium is more efficacious than phenytoin in reducing N-methyl-D-aspartate seizures in rats
31. NMDA receptor complex blockade by oral administration of magnesium: Comparison with MK-801
32. Magnesium: Nature's physiologic calcium blocker
33. Tissue-specific modulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter by magnesium ions
34. 2+ ATPase
35. Effects of polyvalent cations and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers on recovery of CNS white matter from anoxia
36. Effect of magnesium sulfate on cardiovascular hemodynamics
37. Clinical correlates of the molecular and cellular actions of magnesium on the cardiovascular system
38. The effects of magnesium sulfate infusion on blood pressure and vascular responsiveness during pregnancy
39. Magnesium sulphate reverses the carotid vasoconstriction caused by endothelin-I, angiotensin II and neuropeptide-Y, but not that caused by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, in conscious rats
40. Assessment of the effects of endothelin-1 and magnesium sulphate on regional blood flows in conscious rats, by the coloured microsphere reference technique
41. 2+ on endothelin-1- and 5-hydroxytryptamine-elicited responses in goat cerebrovascular bed
42. Interactions of Mg and K on cerebral vessels-aspects in view of stroke. Review of present status and new findings
43. The role of magnesium in etiology of strokes and cerebrovasospasm
44. Evidence that prostacyclin mediates the vascular action of magnesium in humans
45. 2+ in isolated human cerebral arteries
46. Role of excitatory amino acids in regulation of rat pial microvasculature
47. Magnesium sulfate reverses experimental delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
48. Magnesium inhibits platelet activity-an in vitro study
49. Magnesium inhibits human platelets
50. Reduction of infarct volume by magnesium after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats
51. Neuroprotective effects of preischemia intraarterial magnesium sulfate in reversible focal cerebral ischemia
52. Neuroprotective effects of combination therapy with tirilazad and magnesium in rats subjected to reversible focal cerebral ischemia
53. The effect of magnesium on infarct size and oedema after middle cerebral artery occlusion
54. Systemically induced hypermagnesemia increases the bioavailability of magnesium in rat brain
55. Combination drug therapy and mild hypothermia: A promising treatment strategy for reversible, focal cerebral ischemia
56. Effects of elevated plasma magnesium versus calcium on cerebral ischemic injury in rats
57. Effects of magnesium sulfate and nifedipine on regional cerebral blood flow during middle cerebral artery ligation in the rat
58. Blockers of NMDA-operated channels decrease glutamate and aspartate extracellular accumulation in striatum during forebrain ischaemia in rats
59. 2+ administered up to twenty-four hours following reperfusion prevents ischemic damage of the CA1 neurons in the rat hippocampus
60. Effects of magnesium sulfate on brain damage by complete global brain ischemia
61. Magnesium reduces N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated brain injury in perinatal rats
62. Scavengers of free oxygen radicals in combination with magnesium ameliorate perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in the rat
63. Neuroprotective effect of magnesium on lipid peroxidation and axonal function after experimental spinal cord injury
64. NMDA receptor blockade and spinal cord ischemia due to aortic cross-clamping in the rat model
65. ++ protect against irreversible damage during CNS ischemia
66. Magnesium protects against neurological deficit after brain injury
67. Magnesium and ketamine attenuate cognitive dysfunction following experimental brain injury
68. The sodium channel blocker and glutamate release inhibitor BW1003C87 and magnesium attenuate regional cerebral edema following experimental brain injury in the rat
69. Preoperative regimens of magnesium facilitate recovery of function and prevent subcortical atrophy following lesions of the rat sensorimotor cortex
70. Effect of magnesium given 1 hour after head trauma on brain edema and neurological outcome
71. Neuroprotective effects of MgSO4 and MgC12 in closed head injury: A comparative phosphorus NMR study
72. 31P-NMR in vivo study
73. Magnesium ions prevent phencyclidine-induced cerebrovasospasms and rupture of cerebral microvessels: Direct in-vivo microcirculatory studies on the rat brain
74. 2+ in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells
75. Failure to anesthetize human subjects by intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate
76. Cerebrospinal fluid passage of intravenous magnesium sulfate in neurosurgical patients
77. Hemodynamic effects of intravenously administered magnesium on patients with ischemic heart disease
78. 2+ in young patients with borderline hypertension
79. Effects of magnesium on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in human subjects
80. Effects of magnesium and nifedipine infusions on insulin action, substrate oxidation, and blood pressure in aged hypertensive patients
81. Increased bleeding time after magnesium sulfate infusion
82. Magnesium inhibits platelet activity-An infusion study in healthy volunteers
83. Effects of intravenous magnesium in suspected acute myocardial infarction: An overview of the randomised trials
84. Long-term outcome after intravenous magnesium sulphate in suspected acute myocardial infarction: The second Leicester Intravenous Magnesium Intervention Trial (LIMIT-2)
85. ISIS-4 Collaborative Group ISIS-4 A randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction
86. Magnesium sulphate in the treatment of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia: An overview of the evidence from randomised trials
87. A comparison of magnesium sulfate with phenytoin for the prevention of eclampsia
88. Which anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia? Evidence from the Collaborative Eclampsia Trial
89. A randomised controlled trial of intravenous magnesium sulphate versus placebo in the management of women with severe pre-eclampsia
90. A comparison of intravenous and intramuscular magnesium sulfate regimens in preeclampsia
91. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of magnesium in patients with preeclampsia after treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate: A preliminary report
92. Effect of magnesium sulfate on maternal brain blood flow in preeclampsia: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
93. Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in hypertensive subjects after magnesium sulfate therapy
94. Magnesium sulfate therapy in preeclampsia is associated with increased urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate excretion
95. Effect of magnesium sulfate on plasma endothelin-1 levels in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies
96. Can magnesium sulfate reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in very low birthweight infants?
97. Prenatal magnesium sulfate exposure and the risk for cerebral palsy or mental retardation among very low-birthweight children aged 3 to 5 years
98. Randomized investigation of magnesium sulfate for prevention of preterm birth
99. Magnesium sulfate in labor and risk of neonatal brain lesions and cerebral palsy in low birth weight infants
100. Maternal receipt of magnesium sulfate does not seem to reduce the risk of neonatal white matter damage
101. Magnesium sulfate tocolysis and risk of neonatal death
102. If tocolytic magnesium sulfate is associated with excess total pediatric mortality, what is its impact?
103. Infusion of magnesium in patients with acute brain infarction
104. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of intravenous magnesium sulfate in acute stroke
105. Dose optimization of intravenous magnesium sulfate after acute stroke
106. The role of magnesium (Mg) - A natural calcium (Ca) antagonist in the Ca channels of the platelets - In the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke
107. Neuroprotection in acute ischaemic stroke: A tale of for whom the bell tolls?