메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 109, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 147-161

Rapid feedback corrections during a bimanual postural task

Author keywords

EMG; Feedback control; Long loop reflex; Task dependency; Task difficulty

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY POSTURE; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; LOCOMOTION; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSORY FEEDBACK; TASK PERFORMANCE;

EID: 84871889089     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: 15221598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00669.2011     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0020694353 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of reflex EMG and stiffness in response to stretch of human finger muscle
    • Akazawa K, Milner TE, Stein RB. Modulation of reflex EMG and stiffness in response to stretch of human finger muscle. J Neurophysiol 49: 16-27, 1983.
    • (1983) J Neurophysiol , vol.49 , pp. 16-27
    • Akazawa, K.1    Milner, T.E.2    Stein, R.B.3
  • 2
    • 33646878557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression of cutaneous reflexes by a conditioning pulse during human walking
    • Bastiaanse CM, Degen S, Baken BC, Dietz V, Duysens J. Suppression of cutaneous reflexes by a conditioning pulse during human walking. Exp Brain Res 172: 67-76, 2006.
    • (2006) Exp Brain Res , vol.172 , pp. 67-76
    • Bastiaanse, C.M.1    Degen, S.2    Baken, B.C.3    Dietz, V.4    Duysens, J.5
  • 3
    • 0021015639 scopus 로고
    • Anticipatory changes of long-latency stretch responses during preparation for directional hand movements
    • Bonnet M. Anticipatory changes of long-latency stretch responses during preparation for directional hand movements. Brain Res 280: 51-62, 1983.
    • (1983) Brain Res , vol.280 , pp. 51-62
    • Bonnet, M.1
  • 5
    • 0021287163 scopus 로고
    • Corticomotoneuronal cells contribute to long-latency stretch reflexes in the rhesus monkey
    • Cheney PD, Fetz EE. Corticomotoneuronal cells contribute to long-latency stretch reflexes in the rhesus monkey. J Physiol 349: 249-272, 1984.
    • (1984) J Physiol , vol.349 , pp. 249-272
    • Cheney, P.D.1    Fetz, E.E.2
  • 6
    • 47349096597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the use of musculoskeletal models to interpret motor control strategies from performance data
    • Cheng EJ, Loeb GE. On the use of musculoskeletal models to interpret motor control strategies from performance data. J Neural Eng 5: 232-253, 2008.
    • (2008) J Neural Eng , vol.5 , pp. 232-253
    • Cheng, E.J.1    Loeb, G.E.2
  • 7
    • 0021203461 scopus 로고
    • Autogenic, and nonautogenic sensorimotor actions in the control of multiarticulate hand movements
    • Cole KJ, Gracco VL, Abbs JH. Autogenic, and nonautogenic sensorimotor actions in the control of multiarticulate hand movements. Exp Brain Res 56:582-585, 1984.
    • (1984) Exp Brain Res , vol.56 , pp. 582-585
    • Cole, K.J.1    Gracco, V.L.2    Abbs, J.H.3
  • 8
    • 0017150430 scopus 로고
    • Regulatory actions of human stretch reflex
    • Crago PE, Houk JC, Hasan Z. Regulatory actions of human stretch reflex. J Neurophysiol 39: 925-935, 1976.
    • (1976) J Neurophysiol , vol.39 , pp. 925-935
    • Crago, P.E.1    Houk, J.C.2    Hasan, Z.3
  • 10
    • 58849142175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of bimanual feedback responses with changes in task goal
    • Diedrichsen J, Gush S. Reversal of bimanual feedback responses with changes in task goal. J Neurophysiol 101: 283-288, 2009.
    • (2009) J Neurophysiol , vol.101 , pp. 283-288
    • Diedrichsen, J.1    Gush, S.2
  • 11
    • 0035512457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moving to directly cued locations abolishes spatial interference during bimanual actions
    • Diedrichsen J, Hazeltine E, Kennerley S, Ivry RB. Moving to directly cued locations abolishes spatial interference during bimanual actions. Psychol Sci 12: 493-498, 2001.
    • (2001) Psychol Sci , vol.12 , pp. 493-498
    • Diedrichsen, J.1    Hazeltine, E.2    Kennerley, S.3    Ivry, R.B.4
  • 12
    • 73049113887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The coordination of movement: Optimal feedback control and beyond
    • Diedrichsen J, Shadmehr R, Ivry RB. The coordination of movement: optimal feedback control and beyond. Trends Cogn Sci 14: 31-39, 2010.
    • (2010) Trends Cogn Sci , vol.14 , pp. 31-39
    • Diedrichsen, J.1    Shadmehr, R.2    Ivry, R.B.3
  • 13
    • 34848909334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal task-dependent changes of bimanual feedback control, and adaptation
    • Diedrichsen J. Optimal task-dependent changes of bimanual feedback control, and adaptation. Curr Biol 17: 1675-1679, 2007.
    • (2007) Curr Biol , vol.17 , pp. 1675-1679
    • Diedrichsen, J.1
  • 14
    • 84855838630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task-dependent coordination of rapid bimanual motor responses
    • Dimitriou M, Franklin DW, Wolpert DM. Task-dependent coordination of rapid bimanual motor responses. J Neurophysiol 107: 890-901, 2012.
    • (2012) J Neurophysiol , vol.107 , pp. 890-901
    • Dimitriou, M.1    Franklin, D.W.2    Wolpert, D.M.3
  • 16
    • 0017257297 scopus 로고
    • Relations of reflexes, and intended movements
    • Evarts EV, Granit R. Relations of reflexes, and intended movements. Prog Brain Res 44: 1-14, 1976.
    • (1976) Prog Brain Res , vol.44 , pp. 1-14
    • Evarts, E.V.1    Granit, R.2
  • 17
    • 0017181824 scopus 로고
    • Reflex, and intended responses in motor cortex pyramidal tract neurons of monkey
    • Evarts EV, Tanji J. Reflex, and intended responses in motor cortex pyramidal tract neurons of monkey. J Neurophysiol 39: 1069-1080, 1976.
    • (1976) J Neurophysiol , vol.39 , pp. 1069-1080
    • Evarts, E.V.1    Tanji, J.2
  • 18
    • 0024245383 scopus 로고
    • Long-latency stretch reflexes as co-ordinated functional responses in man
    • Gielen CC, Ramaekers L, van Zuylen EJ. Long-latency stretch reflexes as co-ordinated functional responses in man. J Physiol 407: 275-292, 1988.
    • (1988) J Physiol , vol.407 , pp. 275-292
    • Gielen, C.C.1    Ramaekers, L.2    van Zuylen, E.J.3
  • 19
    • 0026672420 scopus 로고
    • The basis, and functional role of the late EMG activity in human forearm muscles following wrist displacement
    • Goodin DS, Aminoff MJ. The basis, and functional role of the late EMG activity in human forearm muscles following wrist displacement. Brain Res 589: 39-47, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain Res , vol.589 , pp. 39-47
    • Goodin, D.S.1    Aminoff, M.J.2
  • 20
    • 0016688385 scopus 로고
    • The functional role of the muscle spindles-facts, and hypotheses
    • Granit R. The functional role of the muscle spindles-facts, and hypotheses. Brain 98: 531-556, 1975.
    • (1975) Brain , vol.98 , pp. 531-556
    • Granit, R.1
  • 21
  • 22
    • 77049324491 scopus 로고
    • The influence of prior instruction to the subject on an apparently involuntary neuro-muscular response
    • 17-18P
    • Hammond PH. The influence of prior instruction to the subject on an apparently involuntary neuro-muscular response. J Physiol 132: 17-18P, 1956.
    • (1956) J Physiol , vol.132
    • Hammond, P.H.1
  • 23
    • 54849429030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition and decomposition in bimanual dynamic learning
    • Howard IS, Ingram JN, Wolpert DM. Composition and decomposition in bimanual dynamic learning. J Neurosci 28: 10531-10540, 2008.
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 10531-10540
    • Howard, I.S.1    Ingram, J.N.2    Wolpert, D.M.3
  • 24
    • 77957829718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context-dependent partitioning of motor learning in bimanual movements
    • Howard IS, Ingram JN, Wolpert DM. Context-dependent partitioning of motor learning in bimanual movements. J Neurophysiol 104: 2082-2091, 2010.
    • (2010) J Neurophysiol , vol.104 , pp. 2082-2091
    • Howard, I.S.1    Ingram, J.N.2    Wolpert, D.M.3
  • 25
    • 27544449395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The motor cortex is involved in reflexive compensatory adjustment of speech articulation
    • Ito T, Kimura T, Gomi H. The motor cortex is involved in reflexive compensatory adjustment of speech articulation. Neuroreport 16: 1791-1794, 2005.
    • (2005) Neuroreport , vol.16 , pp. 1791-1794
    • Ito, T.1    Kimura, T.2    Gomi, H.3
  • 26
    • 7744224927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A cognitive neuroscience perspective on bimanual coordination and interference
    • edited by Swinnen S, Duysens J. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic
    • Ivry RB, Diedrichsen J, Spence RM, Hazeltine E, Semjen A. A cognitive neuroscience perspective on bimanual coordination and interference. In: Interlimb Coordination, edited by Swinnen S, Duysens J. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic, 2004, p. 259-295.
    • (2004) Interlimb Coordination , pp. 259-295
    • Ivry, R.B.1    Diedrichsen, J.2    Spence, R.M.3    Hazeltine, E.4    Semjen, A.5
  • 27
    • 36348994431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contralateral manual compensation for velocity-dependent force perturbations
    • Jackson CP, Miall RC. Contralateral manual compensation for velocity-dependent force perturbations. Exp Brain Res 184: 261-267, 2008.
    • (2008) Exp Brain Res , vol.184 , pp. 261-267
    • Jackson, C.P.1    Miall, R.C.2
  • 28
    • 0028026859 scopus 로고
    • Fingertip contact influences human postural control
    • Jeka JJ, Lackner JR. Fingertip contact influences human postural control. Exp Brain Res 100: 495-502, 1994.
    • (1994) Exp Brain Res , vol.100 , pp. 495-502
    • Jeka, J.J.1    Lackner, J.R.2
  • 29
    • 70350316215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal development of anticipatory reflex modulation to dynamical interactions during arm movement
    • Kimura T, Gomi H. Temporal development of anticipatory reflex modulation to dynamical interactions during arm movement. J Neurophysiol 102:2220-2231, 2009.
    • (2009) J Neurophysiol , vol.102 , pp. 2220-2231
    • Kimura, T.1    Gomi, H.2
  • 30
    • 33748478136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation over sensorimotor cortex disrupts anticipatory reflex gain modulation for skilled action
    • Kimura T, Haggard P, Gomi H. Transcranial magnetic stimulation over sensorimotor cortex disrupts anticipatory reflex gain modulation for skilled action. J Neurosci 26: 9272-9281, 2006.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 9272-9281
    • Kimura, T.1    Haggard, P.2    Gomi, H.3
  • 31
    • 79956280450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two aspects of feedforward postural control: Anticipatory postural adjustments, and anticipatory synergy adjustments
    • Klous M, Mikulic P, Latash ML. Two aspects of feedforward postural control: anticipatory postural adjustments, and anticipatory synergy adjustments. J Neurophysiol 105: 2275-2288, 2011.
    • (2011) J Neurophysiol , vol.105 , pp. 2275-2288
    • Klous, M.1    Mikulic, P.2    Latash, M.L.3
  • 32
    • 33750278466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shadmehr R.Generalization of motor learning depends on the history of prior action
    • Krakauer JW, Mazzoni P, Ghazizadeh A, Ravindran R, Shadmehr R.Generalization of motor learning depends on the history of prior action. PLoS Biol 4: e316, 2006.
    • (2006) PLoS Biol , vol.4
    • Krakauer, J.W.1    Mazzoni, P.2    Ghazizadeh, A.3    Ravindran, R.4
  • 33
    • 0037320838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context-dependent anticipation of different task dynamics: Rapid recall of appropriate motor skills using visual cues
    • Krouchev NI, Kalaska JF. Context-dependent anticipation of different task dynamics: rapid recall of appropriate motor skills using visual cues. J Neurophysiol 89: 1165-1175, 2003.
    • (2003) J Neurophysiol , vol.89 , pp. 1165-1175
    • Krouchev, N.I.1    Kalaska, J.F.2
  • 34
    • 70449436187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-latency responses during reaching account for the mechanical interaction between the shoulder and elbow joints
    • Kurtzer I, Pruszynski JA, Scott SH. Long-latency responses during reaching account for the mechanical interaction between the shoulder and elbow joints. J Neurophysiol 102: 3004-3015, 2009.
    • (2009) J Neurophysiol , vol.102 , pp. 3004-3015
    • Kurtzer, I.1    Pruszynski, J.A.2    Scott, S.H.3
  • 35
    • 49949151862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-latency reflexes of the human arm reflect an internal model of limb dynamics
    • Kurtzer IL, Pruszynski JA, Scott SH. Long-latency reflexes of the human arm reflect an internal model of limb dynamics. Curr Biol 18: 449-453,2008.
    • (2008) Curr Biol , vol.18 , pp. 449-453
    • Kurtzer, I.L.1    Pruszynski, J.A.2    Scott, S.H.3
  • 36
    • 0016811359 scopus 로고
    • Motor responses to sudden limb displacements in primates with specific CNS lesions, and in human patients with motor system disorders
    • Lee RG, Tatton WG. Motor responses to sudden limb displacements in primates with specific CNS lesions, and in human patients with motor system disorders. Can J Neurol Sci 2: 285-293, 1975.
    • (1975) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.2 , pp. 285-293
    • Lee, R.G.1    Tatton, W.G.2
  • 41
    • 0026031695 scopus 로고
    • The human stretch reflex, and the motor cortex
    • Matthews PB. The human stretch reflex, and the motor cortex. Trends Neurosci 14: 87-91, 1991.
    • (1991) Trends Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 87-91
    • Matthews, P.B.1
  • 42
  • 43
    • 0018079655 scopus 로고
    • Basic principles of ROC analysis
    • Metz CE. Basic principles of ROC analysis. Semin Nucl Med 8: 283-298, 1978.
    • (1978) Semin Nucl Med , vol.8 , pp. 283-298
    • Metz, C.E.1
  • 44
    • 72749094023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shared bimanual tasks elicit bimanual reflexes during movement
    • Mutha PK, Sainburg RL. Shared bimanual tasks elicit bimanual reflexes during movement. J Neurophysiol 102: 3142-3155, 2009.
    • (2009) J Neurophysiol , vol.102 , pp. 3142-3155
    • Mutha, P.K.1    Sainburg, R.L.2
  • 45
    • 84865084963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the behavioral goal and environmental obstacles on rapid feedback responses
    • Nashed JY, Crevecoeur F, Scott SH. Influence of the behavioral goal and environmental obstacles on rapid feedback responses. J Neurophysiol 108:999-1009, 2012.
    • (2012) J Neurophysiol , vol.108 , pp. 999-1009
    • Nashed, J.Y.1    Crevecoeur, F.2    Scott, S.H.3
  • 46
    • 63949088237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-compartment model can explain partial transfer of learning within the same limb between unimanual, and bimanual reaching
    • Nozaki D, Scott SH. Multi-compartment model can explain partial transfer of learning within the same limb between unimanual, and bimanual reaching. Exp Brain Res 194: 451-463, 2009.
    • (2009) Exp Brain Res , vol.194 , pp. 451-463
    • Nozaki, D.1    Scott, S.H.2
  • 47
    • 33750448664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limited transfer of learning between uni-manual and bimanual skills within the same limb
    • Nozaki D, Kurtzer I, Scott SH. Limited transfer of learning between uni-manual and bimanual skills within the same limb. Nat Neurosci 9: 1364-1366, 2006.
    • (2006) Nat Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 1364-1366
    • Nozaki, D.1    Kurtzer, I.2    Scott, S.H.3
  • 48
    • 0033001792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensorimotor interactions between pairs of fingers in bimanual, and unimanual manipulative tasks
    • Ohki Y, Johansson RS. Sensorimotor interactions between pairs of fingers in bimanual, and unimanual manipulative tasks. Exp Brain Res 127: 43-53, 1999.
    • (1999) Exp Brain Res , vol.127 , pp. 43-53
    • Ohki, Y.1    Johansson, R.S.2
  • 49
    • 42149161083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The representation of action: Insights from bimanual coordination
    • Oliveira FT, Ivry RB. The representation of action: insights from bimanual coordination. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 17: 130-135, 2008.
    • (2008) Curr Dir Psychol Sci , vol.17 , pp. 130-135
    • Oliveira, F.T.1    Ivry, R.B.2
  • 50
    • 0014685075 scopus 로고
    • The Ferrier Lecture, 1968. Motor apparatus of the baboon's hand
    • Phillips CG. The Ferrier Lecture, 1968. Motor apparatus of the baboon's hand. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 173: 141-174, 1969.
    • (1969) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci , vol.173 , pp. 141-174
    • Phillips, C.G.1
  • 51
    • 84862889127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal feedback control and the long-latency stretch response
    • Pruszynski JA, Scott SH. Optimal feedback control and the long-latency stretch response. Exp Brain Res 218: 341-359, 2012.
    • (2012) Exp Brain Res , vol.218 , pp. 341-359
    • Pruszynski, J.A.1    Scott, S.H.2
  • 52
  • 54
    • 55249127512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid motor responses are appropriately tuned to the metrics of a visuospatial task
    • Pruszynski JA, Kurtzer I, Scott SH. Rapid motor responses are appropriately tuned to the metrics of a visuospatial task. J Neurophysiol 100: 224-238, 2008.
    • (2008) J Neurophysiol , vol.100 , pp. 224-238
    • Pruszynski, J.A.1    Kurtzer, I.2    Scott, S.H.3
  • 55
    • 57349100853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning a novel myoelectric-controlled interface task
    • Radhakrishnan SM, Baker SN, Jackson A. Learning a novel myoelectric-controlled interface task. J Neurophysiol 100: 2397-2408, 2008.
    • (2008) J Neurophysiol , vol.100 , pp. 2397-2408
    • Radhakrishnan, S.M.1    Baker, S.N.2    Jackson, A.3
  • 56
    • 0022532890 scopus 로고
    • Habituation, and conditioning of the human long latency stretch reflex
    • Rothwell JC, Day BL, Berardelli A, Marsden CD. Habituation, and conditioning of the human long latency stretch reflex. Exp Brain Res 63: 197-204,1986.
    • (1986) Exp Brain Res , vol.63 , pp. 197-204
    • Rothwell, J.C.1    Day, B.L.2    Berardelli, A.3    Marsden, C.D.4
  • 57
    • 0019312023 scopus 로고
    • Influence of voluntary intent on the human long-latency stretch reflex
    • Rothwell JC, Traub MM, Marsden CD. Influence of voluntary intent on the human long-latency stretch reflex. Nature 286: 496-498, 1980.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.286 , pp. 496-498
    • Rothwell, J.C.1    Traub, M.M.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 58
    • 40049106182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inconvenient truths about neural processing in primary motor cortex
    • Scott SH. Inconvenient truths about neural processing in primary motor cortex. J Physiol 586: 1217-1224, 2008.
    • (2008) J Physiol , vol.586 , pp. 1217-1224
    • Scott, S.H.1
  • 59
    • 3042755702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal feedback control, and the neural basis of volitional motor control
    • Scott SH. Optimal feedback control, and the neural basis of volitional motor control. Nat Rev Neurosci 5: 532-546, 2004.
    • (2004) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 532-546
    • Scott, S.H.1
  • 60
    • 0032802494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparatus for measuring, and perturbing shoulder and elbow joint positions and torques during reaching
    • Scott SH. Apparatus for measuring, and perturbing shoulder and elbow joint positions and torques during reaching. J Neurosci Methods 89: 119-127, 1999.
    • (1999) J Neurosci Methods , vol.89 , pp. 119-127
    • Scott, S.H.1
  • 61
    • 77956181281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stretch sensitive reflexes as an adaptive mechanism for maintaining limb stability
    • Shemmell J, Krutky MA, Perreault EJ. Stretch sensitive reflexes as an adaptive mechanism for maintaining limb stability. Clin Neurophysiol 121:1680-1689, 2010.
    • (2010) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.121 , pp. 1680-1689
    • Shemmell, J.1    Krutky, M.A.2    Perreault, E.J.3
  • 62
    • 70350339791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The differential role of motor cortex in stretch reflex modulation induced by changes in environmental mechanics, and verbal instruction
    • Shemmell J, An JH, Perreault EJ. The differential role of motor cortex in stretch reflex modulation induced by changes in environmental mechanics, and verbal instruction. J Neurosci 29: 13255-13263, 2009.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 13255-13263
    • Shemmell, J.1    An, J.H.2    Perreault, E.J.3
  • 63
    • 34648829244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous bimanual dynamics are learned without interference
    • Tcheang L, Bays PM, Ingram JN, Wolpert DM. Simultaneous bimanual dynamics are learned without interference. Exp Brain Res 183: 17-25, 2007.
    • (2007) Exp Brain Res , vol.183 , pp. 17-25
    • Tcheang, L.1    Bays, P.M.2    Ingram, J.N.3    Wolpert, D.M.4
  • 64
    • 0036829017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal feedback control as a theory of motor coordination
    • Todorov E, Jordan MI. Optimal feedback control as a theory of motor coordination. Nat Neurosci 5: 1226-1235, 2002.
    • (2002) Nat Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 1226-1235
    • Todorov, E.1    Jordan, M.I.2
  • 65
    • 43349090569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated postural responses are modified in a functional manner by instruction
    • Weerdesteyn V, Laing AC, Robinovitch SN. Automated postural responses are modified in a functional manner by instruction. Exp Brain Res 186:571-580, 2008.
    • (2008) Exp Brain Res , vol.186 , pp. 571-580
    • Weerdesteyn, V.1    Laing, A.C.2    Robinovitch, S.N.3
  • 66
    • 78650857328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of bilateral isometric forces in different directions on motor cortical function in humans
    • Yedimenko JA, Perez MA. The effect of bilateral isometric forces in different directions on motor cortical function in humans. J Neurophysiol 104:2922-2931, 2010.
    • (2010) J Neurophysiol , vol.104 , pp. 2922-2931
    • Yedimenko, J.A.1    Perez, M.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.