메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 121, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 1680-1689

Stretch sensitive reflexes as an adaptive mechanism for maintaining limb stability

Author keywords

Adaptation; Impedance; Long latency; Stiffness; Stretch reflex

Indexed keywords

BODY POSTURE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; HUMAN; JOINT STIFFNESS; LATENT PERIOD; LIMB MOVEMENT; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; MUSCLE STIFFNESS; MUSCLE STRETCHING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFLEX; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; TASK PERFORMANCE; ADAPTATION; ANIMAL; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; LIMB; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MYOTATIC REFLEX; NERVE TRACT; PHYSIOLOGY; REACTION TIME;

EID: 77956181281     PISSN: 13882457     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.02.166     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (92)

References (95)
  • 1
    • 0021876231 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral potentials and electromyographic responses evoked by stretch of wrist muscles in man
    • Abbruzzese G., Berardelli A., Rothwell J.C., Day B.L., Marsden C.D. Cerebral potentials and electromyographic responses evoked by stretch of wrist muscles in man. Exp Brain Res 1985, 58(3):544-551.
    • (1985) Exp Brain Res , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 544-551
    • Abbruzzese, G.1    Berardelli, A.2    Rothwell, J.C.3    Day, B.L.4    Marsden, C.D.5
  • 2
    • 0020694353 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of reflex EMG and stiffness in response to stretch of human finger muscle
    • Akazawa K., Milner T.E., Stein R.B. Modulation of reflex EMG and stiffness in response to stretch of human finger muscle. J Neurophysiol 1983, 49(1):16-27.
    • (1983) J Neurophysiol , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-27
    • Akazawa, K.1    Milner, T.E.2    Stein, R.B.3
  • 3
    • 0019959826 scopus 로고
    • The mechanical effectiveness of short latency reflexes in human triceps surae muscles revealed by ischaemia and vibration
    • Allum J.H.J., Mauritz K.-H., Vogele H. The mechanical effectiveness of short latency reflexes in human triceps surae muscles revealed by ischaemia and vibration. Exp Brain Res 1982, 48:153-156.
    • (1982) Exp Brain Res , vol.48 , pp. 153-156
    • Allum, J.H.J.1    Mauritz, K.-H.2    Vogele, H.3
  • 4
    • 0012597096 scopus 로고
    • Direct sensory pathway to the motor cortex: a basis of cortical reflexes
    • Igaku-shoin, Tokyo, H. Asanuma, V.J. Wilson (Eds.)
    • Asanuma H., Larsen K.D., Yumiya H. Direct sensory pathway to the motor cortex: a basis of cortical reflexes. Integration in the nervous system 1979, 223-238. Igaku-shoin, Tokyo. H. Asanuma, V.J. Wilson (Eds.).
    • (1979) Integration in the nervous system , pp. 223-238
    • Asanuma, H.1    Larsen, K.D.2    Yumiya, H.3
  • 5
    • 0018308844 scopus 로고
    • Receptive-fields of thalamic neurons projecting to the motor cortex in the cat
    • Asanuma H., Larsen K.D., Yumiya H. Receptive-fields of thalamic neurons projecting to the motor cortex in the cat. Brain Res 1979, 172(2):217-228.
    • (1979) Brain Res , vol.172 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-228
    • Asanuma, H.1    Larsen, K.D.2    Yumiya, H.3
  • 6
    • 33846434893 scopus 로고
    • New investigations on the pyramidal system in Macaca mulatta
    • Bernard C.G., Bohm E., Peterson I. New investigations on the pyramidal system in Macaca mulatta. Experientia 1953, 9(3):111-112.
    • (1953) Experientia , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 111-112
    • Bernard, C.G.1    Bohm, E.2    Peterson, I.3
  • 7
    • 0024382090 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of effects of monoamines on transmission in spinal pathways from group-I and group-II muscle afferents in the cat
    • Bras H., Cavallari P., Jankowska E., McCrea D. Comparison of effects of monoamines on transmission in spinal pathways from group-I and group-II muscle afferents in the cat. Exp Brain Res 1989, 76(1):27-37.
    • (1989) Exp Brain Res , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-37
    • Bras, H.1    Cavallari, P.2    Jankowska, E.3    McCrea, D.4
  • 8
    • 0021194239 scopus 로고
    • Monosynaptic and oligosynaptic contributions to human ankle jerk and H-reflex
    • Burke D., Gandevia S.C., McKeon B. Monosynaptic and oligosynaptic contributions to human ankle jerk and H-reflex. J Neurophysiol 1984, 52(3):435-448.
    • (1984) J Neurophysiol , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 435-448
    • Burke, D.1    Gandevia, S.C.2    McKeon, B.3
  • 10
    • 0025347890 scopus 로고
    • Stiffness regulation by reflex action in the normal human hand
    • Carter R.R., Crago P.E., Keith M.W. Stiffness regulation by reflex action in the normal human hand. J Neurophysiol 1990, 64(1):105-118.
    • (1990) J Neurophysiol , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 105-118
    • Carter, R.R.1    Crago, P.E.2    Keith, M.W.3
  • 11
    • 0021287163 scopus 로고
    • Corticomotoneuronal cells contribute to long-latency stretch reflexes in the rhesus monkey
    • Cheney P.D., Fetz E.E. Corticomotoneuronal cells contribute to long-latency stretch reflexes in the rhesus monkey. J Physiol 1984, 349:249-272.
    • (1984) J Physiol , vol.349 , pp. 249-272
    • Cheney, P.D.1    Fetz, E.E.2
  • 12
    • 0023217370 scopus 로고
    • 'Long-latency' responses occurring with startle in the conscious monkey
    • Colebatch J.G., Porter R. 'Long-latency' responses occurring with startle in the conscious monkey. Neurosci Lett 1987, 77(1):43-48.
    • (1987) Neurosci Lett , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-48
    • Colebatch, J.G.1    Porter, R.2
  • 13
    • 0029034887 scopus 로고
    • Selective depression of medium-latency leg and foot muscle responses to stretch by an alpha(2)-agonist in humans
    • Corna S., Grasso M., Nardone A., Schieppati M. Selective depression of medium-latency leg and foot muscle responses to stretch by an alpha(2)-agonist in humans. J Physiol - Lond 1995, 484(3):803-809.
    • (1995) J Physiol - Lond , vol.484 , Issue.3 , pp. 803-809
    • Corna, S.1    Grasso, M.2    Nardone, A.3    Schieppati, M.4
  • 14
    • 0017150430 scopus 로고
    • Regulatory actions of human stretch reflex
    • Crago P.E., Houk J.C., Hasan Z. Regulatory actions of human stretch reflex. J Neurophysiol 1976, 39(5):925-935.
    • (1976) J Neurophysiol , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 925-935
    • Crago, P.E.1    Houk, J.C.2    Hasan, Z.3
  • 16
    • 0028029123 scopus 로고
    • Task-dependent modulation of short- and long-latency electromyographic responses in upper limb muscles
    • Dietz V., Discher M., Trippel M. Task-dependent modulation of short- and long-latency electromyographic responses in upper limb muscles. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1994, 93(1):49-56.
    • (1994) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.93 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-56
    • Dietz, V.1    Discher, M.2    Trippel, M.3
  • 17
    • 0026522766 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the stretch reflex of the human first dorsal interosseous muscle during different tasks
    • Doemges F., Rack P.M.H. Changes in the stretch reflex of the human first dorsal interosseous muscle during different tasks. J Physiol 1992, 447:563-573.
    • (1992) J Physiol , vol.447 , pp. 563-573
    • Doemges, F.1    Rack, P.M.H.2
  • 18
    • 0026549182 scopus 로고
    • Task-dependent changes in the response of human wrist joints to mechanical disturbance
    • Doemges F., Rack P.M.H. Task-dependent changes in the response of human wrist joints to mechanical disturbance. J Physiol 1992, 447:575-585.
    • (1992) J Physiol , vol.447 , pp. 575-585
    • Doemges, F.1    Rack, P.M.H.2
  • 19
    • 0015911850 scopus 로고
    • Motor cortex reflexes associated with learned movement
    • Evarts E.V. Motor cortex reflexes associated with learned movement. Science 1973, 179(4072):501-503.
    • (1973) Science , vol.179 , Issue.4072 , pp. 501-503
    • Evarts, E.V.1
  • 20
    • 8844248849 scopus 로고
    • The pyramidal tract neuron as summing point in a closed-loop control system in the monkey
    • Karger, Basel
    • Evarts E.V., Fromm C. The pyramidal tract neuron as summing point in a closed-loop control system in the monkey. Cerebral motor control in man: long loop mechanisms 1978, vol. 4:56-69. Karger, Basel.
    • (1978) Cerebral motor control in man: long loop mechanisms , vol.4 , pp. 56-69
    • Evarts, E.V.1    Fromm, C.2
  • 21
    • 0141676240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive control of stiffness to stabilize hand position with large loads
    • Franklin D.W., Milner T.E. Adaptive control of stiffness to stabilize hand position with large loads. Exp Brain Res 2003, 152(2):211-220.
    • (2003) Exp Brain Res , vol.152 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-220
    • Franklin, D.W.1    Milner, T.E.2
  • 22
    • 0038235700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional significance of stiffness in adaptation of multijoint arm movements to stable and unstable dynamics
    • Franklin D.W., Burdet E., Osu R., Kawato M., Milner T.E. Functional significance of stiffness in adaptation of multijoint arm movements to stable and unstable dynamics. Exp Brain Res 2003, 151(2):145-157.
    • (2003) Exp Brain Res , vol.151 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-157
    • Franklin, D.W.1    Burdet, E.2    Osu, R.3    Kawato, M.4    Milner, T.E.5
  • 23
    • 14844286195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impedance control balances stability with metabolically costly muscle activation
    • Franklin D.W., So U., Kawato M., Milner T.E. Impedance control balances stability with metabolically costly muscle activation. J Neurophysiol 2004, 92(5):3097-3105.
    • (2004) J Neurophysiol , vol.92 , Issue.5 , pp. 3097-3105
    • Franklin, D.W.1    So, U.2    Kawato, M.3    Milner, T.E.4
  • 24
    • 0023276093 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative study of the distribution of neurons projecting to the precentral motor cortex in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
    • Ghosh S., Brinkman C., Porter R. A quantitative study of the distribution of neurons projecting to the precentral motor cortex in the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). J Comp Neurol 1987, 259(3):424-444.
    • (1987) J Comp Neurol , vol.259 , Issue.3 , pp. 424-444
    • Ghosh, S.1    Brinkman, C.2    Porter, R.3
  • 25
    • 0032213320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task-dependent viscoelasticity of human multijoint arm and its spatial characteristics for interaction with environments
    • Gomi H., Osu R. Task-dependent viscoelasticity of human multijoint arm and its spatial characteristics for interaction with environments. J Neurosci 1998, 18(21):8965-8978.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , Issue.21 , pp. 8965-8978
    • Gomi, H.1    Osu, R.2
  • 26
    • 0016794905 scopus 로고
    • Discharge of spindle afferents from jaw-closing muscles during chewing in alert monkeys
    • Goodwin G.M., Luschei E.S. Discharge of spindle afferents from jaw-closing muscles during chewing in alert monkeys. J Neurophysiol 1975, 38:560-571.
    • (1975) J Neurophysiol , vol.38 , pp. 560-571
    • Goodwin, G.M.1    Luschei, E.S.2
  • 27
    • 0020565351 scopus 로고
    • Response to sudden torques about ankle in man: V effects of peripheral ischemia
    • Gottlieb G.L., Agarwal G.C., Jaeger R.J. Response to sudden torques about ankle in man: V effects of peripheral ischemia. J Neurophysiol 1983, 50(1):297-312.
    • (1983) J Neurophysiol , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 297-312
    • Gottlieb, G.L.1    Agarwal, G.C.2    Jaeger, R.J.3
  • 28
    • 0035426180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group II muscle afferents probably contribute to the medium latency soleus stretch reflex during walking in humans
    • Grey M.J., Ladouceur M., Andersen J.B., Nielsen J.B., Sinkjaer T. Group II muscle afferents probably contribute to the medium latency soleus stretch reflex during walking in humans. J Physiol - Lond 2001, 534(3):925-933.
    • (2001) J Physiol - Lond , vol.534 , Issue.3 , pp. 925-933
    • Grey, M.J.1    Ladouceur, M.2    Andersen, J.B.3    Nielsen, J.B.4    Sinkjaer, T.5
  • 30
    • 77049204877 scopus 로고
    • Involuntary activity in biceps following the sudden application of velocity to the abducted forearm
    • Hammond P.H. Involuntary activity in biceps following the sudden application of velocity to the abducted forearm. J Physiol - Lond 1955, 127(3):P23-P25.
    • (1955) J Physiol - Lond , vol.127 , Issue.3
    • Hammond, P.H.1
  • 31
    • 77049324491 scopus 로고
    • The influence of prior instruction to the subject on an apparently involuntary neuro-muscular response
    • Hammond P.H. The influence of prior instruction to the subject on an apparently involuntary neuro-muscular response. J Physiol 1956, 132(1):17-18P.
    • (1956) J Physiol , vol.132 , Issue.1
    • Hammond, P.H.1
  • 32
    • 27144504913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human motor control system's response to mechanical perturbation: should it, can it, and does it ensure stability?
    • Hasan Z. The human motor control system's response to mechanical perturbation: should it, can it, and does it ensure stability?. J Mot Behav 2005, 37(6):484-493.
    • (2005) J Mot Behav , vol.37 , Issue.6 , pp. 484-493
    • Hasan, Z.1
  • 33
    • 0019500463 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of soleus muscle stiffness in premammillary cats: intrinsic and reflex components
    • Hoffer J.A., Andreassen S. Regulation of soleus muscle stiffness in premammillary cats: intrinsic and reflex components. J Neurophysiol 1981, 45(2):267-285.
    • (1981) J Neurophysiol , vol.45 , Issue.2 , pp. 267-285
    • Hoffer, J.A.1    Andreassen, S.2
  • 34
    • 0022391632 scopus 로고
    • The mechanics of multi-joint posture and movement control
    • Hogan N. The mechanics of multi-joint posture and movement control. Biol Cybern 1985, 52:315-331.
    • (1985) Biol Cybern , vol.52 , pp. 315-331
    • Hogan, N.1
  • 35
    • 66349106272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromyographic responses from the hindlimb muscles of the decerebrate cat to horizontal support surface perturbations
    • Honeycutt C.F., Gottschall J.S., Nichols T.R. Electromyographic responses from the hindlimb muscles of the decerebrate cat to horizontal support surface perturbations. J Neurophysiol 2009, 101(6):2751-2761.
    • (2009) J Neurophysiol , vol.101 , Issue.6 , pp. 2751-2761
    • Honeycutt, C.F.1    Gottschall, J.S.2    Nichols, T.R.3
  • 36
    • 0010006426 scopus 로고
    • The phylogeny of muscular control configurations
    • Fischer, Jena, J.C. Houk (Ed.)
    • Houk J.C. The phylogeny of muscular control configurations. Biocybernetics IV 1972, 125-144. Fischer, Jena. J.C. Houk (Ed.).
    • (1972) Biocybernetics IV , pp. 125-144
    • Houk, J.C.1
  • 37
    • 0025634296 scopus 로고
    • Primary motor cortex receives input from area 3a in macaques
    • Huerta M.F., Pons T.P. Primary motor cortex receives input from area 3a in macaques. Brain Res 1990, 537(1-2):367-371.
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.537 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 367-371
    • Huerta, M.F.1    Pons, T.P.2
  • 38
    • 34848885496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical control of postural responses
    • Jacobs J.V., Horak F.B. Cortical control of postural responses. J Neural Transm 2007, 114(10):1339-1348.
    • (2007) J Neural Transm , vol.114 , Issue.10 , pp. 1339-1348
    • Jacobs, J.V.1    Horak, F.B.2
  • 39
    • 0020315393 scopus 로고
    • Afferent contributions to stretch-evoked myoelectric responses
    • Jaeger R., Gottlieb G., Agarwal G., Tahmoush A. Afferent contributions to stretch-evoked myoelectric responses. J Neurophysiol 1982, 48(2):403-418.
    • (1982) J Neurophysiol , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 403-418
    • Jaeger, R.1    Gottlieb, G.2    Agarwal, G.3    Tahmoush, A.4
  • 41
    • 0018095836 scopus 로고
    • Intra-cortical connectivity of architechtonic fields in somatic sensory, motor and parietal cortex of monkeys
    • Jones E.G., Coulter J.D., Hendry S.H.C. Intra-cortical connectivity of architechtonic fields in somatic sensory, motor and parietal cortex of monkeys. J Comp Neurol 1978, 181(2):291-348.
    • (1978) J Comp Neurol , vol.181 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-348
    • Jones, E.G.1    Coulter, J.D.2    Hendry, S.H.C.3
  • 42
    • 0031172113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of intrinsic and reflex contributions to human ankle stiffness dynamics
    • Kearney R.E., Stein R.B., Parameswaran L. Identification of intrinsic and reflex contributions to human ankle stiffness dynamics. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1997, 44(6):493-504.
    • (1997) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.44 , Issue.6 , pp. 493-504
    • Kearney, R.E.1    Stein, R.B.2    Parameswaran, L.3
  • 43
    • 33748478136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation over sensorimotor cortex disrupts anticipatory reflex gain modulation for skilled action
    • Kimura T., Haggard P., Gomi H. Transcranial magnetic stimulation over sensorimotor cortex disrupts anticipatory reflex gain modulation for skilled action. J Neurosci 2006, 26(36):9272-9281.
    • (2006) J Neurosci , vol.26 , Issue.36 , pp. 9272-9281
    • Kimura, T.1    Haggard, P.2    Gomi, H.3
  • 44
    • 0034118274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromyographic responses to a mechanical perturbation applied during impending arm movements in different directions: one-joint and two-joint conditions
    • Koshland G.F., Hasan Z. Electromyographic responses to a mechanical perturbation applied during impending arm movements in different directions: one-joint and two-joint conditions. Exp Brain Res 2000, 132(4):485-499.
    • (2000) Exp Brain Res , vol.132 , Issue.4 , pp. 485-499
    • Koshland, G.F.1    Hasan, Z.2
  • 46
    • 74049117026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between limb and environmental mechanics influence stretch reflex sensitivity in the human arm
    • Krutky M.A., Ravichandran V.J., Trumbower R.D., Perreault E.J. Interactions between limb and environmental mechanics influence stretch reflex sensitivity in the human arm. J Neurophysiol 2010, 103(1):429-440.
    • (2010) J Neurophysiol , vol.103 , Issue.1 , pp. 429-440
    • Krutky, M.A.1    Ravichandran, V.J.2    Trumbower, R.D.3    Perreault, E.J.4
  • 47
    • 49949151862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-latency reflexes of the human arm reflect an internal model of limb dynamics
    • Kurtzer I.L., Pruszynski J.A., Scott S.H. Long-latency reflexes of the human arm reflect an internal model of limb dynamics. Curr Biol 2008, 18(6):449-453.
    • (2008) Curr Biol , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 449-453
    • Kurtzer, I.L.1    Pruszynski, J.A.2    Scott, S.H.3
  • 48
    • 0022647447 scopus 로고
    • EMG responses to load perturbations of the upper limb: effect of dynamic coupling between shoulder and elbow motion
    • Lacquaniti F., Soechting J.F. EMG responses to load perturbations of the upper limb: effect of dynamic coupling between shoulder and elbow motion. Exp Brain Res 1986, 61(3):482-496.
    • (1986) Exp Brain Res , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 482-496
    • Lacquaniti, F.1    Soechting, J.F.2
  • 49
    • 0001838836 scopus 로고
    • Minimal synaptic actions of pyramidal impulses on some alpha motoneurons of baboons hand and forearm
    • Landgren S., Phillips C.G., Porter R. Minimal synaptic actions of pyramidal impulses on some alpha motoneurons of baboons hand and forearm. J Physiol - Lond 1962, 161(1):91-111.
    • (1962) J Physiol - Lond , vol.161 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-111
    • Landgren, S.1    Phillips, C.G.2    Porter, R.3
  • 50
    • 0016811359 scopus 로고
    • Motor responses to sudden limb displacements in primates with specific CNS lesions and in human patients with motor system disorders
    • Lee R.G., Tatton W.G. Motor responses to sudden limb displacements in primates with specific CNS lesions and in human patients with motor system disorders. Can J Neurol Sci 1975, 2(3):285-293.
    • (1975) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 285-293
    • Lee, R.G.1    Tatton, W.G.2
  • 51
    • 0020628879 scopus 로고
    • Electromyographic response to displacement of different forelimb joints in the squirrel monkey
    • Lenz F.A., Tatton W.G., Tasker R.R. Electromyographic response to displacement of different forelimb joints in the squirrel monkey. J Neurosci 1983, 3(4):783-794.
    • (1983) J Neurosci , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 783-794
    • Lenz, F.A.1    Tatton, W.G.2    Tasker, R.R.3
  • 52
    • 33748992846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of task instruction on the excitability of spinal and supraspinal reflex pathways projecting to the biceps muscle
    • Lewis G.N., Mackinnon C.D., Perreault E.J. The effect of task instruction on the excitability of spinal and supraspinal reflex pathways projecting to the biceps muscle. Exp Brain Res 2006, 174(3):413-425.
    • (2006) Exp Brain Res , vol.174 , Issue.3 , pp. 413-425
    • Lewis, G.N.1    Mackinnon, C.D.2    Perreault, E.J.3
  • 53
    • 0001565632 scopus 로고
    • Reflexes in response to stretch (myotatic reflexes)
    • Liddell E.G.T., Sherrington C.S. Reflexes in response to stretch (myotatic reflexes). Proc R Soc Lond B 1924, 96:212-242.
    • (1924) Proc R Soc Lond B , vol.96 , pp. 212-242
    • Liddell, E.G.T.1    Sherrington, C.S.2
  • 54
    • 0026440360 scopus 로고
    • Giant neurons in the caudal pontine reticular formation receive short latency acoustic input: an intracellular recording and HRP-study in the rat
    • Lingenhohl K., Friauf E. Giant neurons in the caudal pontine reticular formation receive short latency acoustic input: an intracellular recording and HRP-study in the rat. J Comp Neurol 1992, 325(4):473-492.
    • (1992) J Comp Neurol , vol.325 , Issue.4 , pp. 473-492
    • Lingenhohl, K.1    Friauf, E.2
  • 55
    • 84973988185 scopus 로고
    • Activity patterns in individual hindlimb primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents during normal movements in unrestrained cats
    • Loeb G.E., Duysens J. Activity patterns in individual hindlimb primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents during normal movements in unrestrained cats. J Neurophysiol 1979, 54:565-577.
    • (1979) J Neurophysiol , vol.54 , pp. 565-577
    • Loeb, G.E.1    Duysens, J.2
  • 56
    • 33645498507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediation of late excitation from human hand muscles via parallel group II spinal and group I transcortical pathways
    • Lourenco G., Iglesias C., Cavallari P., Pierrot-Deseilligny E., Marchand-Pauvert V. Mediation of late excitation from human hand muscles via parallel group II spinal and group I transcortical pathways. J Physiol - Lond 2006, 572(2):585-603.
    • (2006) J Physiol - Lond , vol.572 , Issue.2 , pp. 585-603
    • Lourenco, G.1    Iglesias, C.2    Cavallari, P.3    Pierrot-Deseilligny, E.4    Marchand-Pauvert, V.5
  • 57
    • 34848921761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voluntary modulation of human stretch reflexes
    • Ludvig D., Cathers I., Kearney R.E. Voluntary modulation of human stretch reflexes. Exp Brain Res 2007, 183(2):201-213.
    • (2007) Exp Brain Res , vol.183 , Issue.2 , pp. 201-213
    • Ludvig, D.1    Cathers, I.2    Kearney, R.E.3
  • 59
    • 0034034188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor cortical potentials precede long-latency EMG activity evoked by imposed displacements of the human wrist
    • MacKinnon C.D., Verrier M.C., Tatton W.G. Motor cortical potentials precede long-latency EMG activity evoked by imposed displacements of the human wrist. Exp Brain Res 2000, 131(4):477-490.
    • (2000) Exp Brain Res , vol.131 , Issue.4 , pp. 477-490
    • MacKinnon, C.D.1    Verrier, M.C.2    Tatton, W.G.3
  • 60
    • 0000880680 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological studies of nerve and reflex activity in normal man. IV. The two-neurone reflex and identification of certain action potentials from spinal roots and cord
    • Magladery J.W., Porter W.E., Park A.M., Teasdall R.D. Electrophysiological studies of nerve and reflex activity in normal man. IV. The two-neurone reflex and identification of certain action potentials from spinal roots and cord. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 1951, 88(6):499-519.
    • (1951) Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp , vol.88 , Issue.6 , pp. 499-519
    • Magladery, J.W.1    Porter, W.E.2    Park, A.M.3    Teasdall, R.D.4
  • 61
    • 0015518514 scopus 로고
    • Servo action in human voluntary movement
    • Marsden C.D., Merton P.A., Morton H.B. Servo action in human voluntary movement. Nature 1972, 238:140-143.
    • (1972) Nature , vol.238 , pp. 140-143
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Merton, P.A.2    Morton, H.B.3
  • 62
    • 0026031695 scopus 로고
    • The human stretch reflex and the motor cortex
    • Matthews P.B.C. The human stretch reflex and the motor cortex. Trends Neurosci 1991, 14(3):87-91.
    • (1991) Trends Neurosci , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 87-91
    • Matthews, P.B.C.1
  • 63
    • 44949109949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical responses associated with the preparation and reaction to full-body perturbations to upright stability
    • Mochizuki G., Sibley K.M., Esposito J.G., Camilleri J.M., McIlroy W.E. Cortical responses associated with the preparation and reaction to full-body perturbations to upright stability. Clin Neurophysiol 2008, 119(7):1626-1637.
    • (2008) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.119 , Issue.7 , pp. 1626-1637
    • Mochizuki, G.1    Sibley, K.M.2    Esposito, J.G.3    Camilleri, J.M.4    McIlroy, W.E.5
  • 64
    • 0022345303 scopus 로고
    • Neural, mechanical, and geometric factors subserving arm posture in humans
    • Mussa-Ivaldi F.A., Hogan N., Bizzi E. Neural, mechanical, and geometric factors subserving arm posture in humans. J Neurosci 1985, 5(10):2732-2743.
    • (1985) J Neurosci , vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp. 2732-2743
    • Mussa-Ivaldi, F.A.1    Hogan, N.2    Bizzi, E.3
  • 65
    • 57249103359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual modulation of proprioceptive reflexes during movement
    • Mutha P., Boulinguez P., Sainburg R. Visual modulation of proprioceptive reflexes during movement. Brain Res 2008, 1246:54-69.
    • (2008) Brain Res , vol.1246 , pp. 54-69
    • Mutha, P.1    Boulinguez, P.2    Sainburg, R.3
  • 66
    • 0017279016 scopus 로고
    • Improvement in linearity and regulation of stiffness that results from actions of stretch reflex
    • Nichols T.R., Houk J.C. Improvement in linearity and regulation of stiffness that results from actions of stretch reflex. J Neurophysiol 1976, 39:119-142.
    • (1976) J Neurophysiol , vol.39 , pp. 119-142
    • Nichols, T.R.1    Houk, J.C.2
  • 67
    • 0026544608 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that a long latency stretch reflex in humans is transcortical
    • Palmer E., Ashby P. Evidence that a long latency stretch reflex in humans is transcortical. J Physiol 1992, 449:429-440.
    • (1992) J Physiol , vol.449 , pp. 429-440
    • Palmer, E.1    Ashby, P.2
  • 68
    • 0031137586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robert Whytt and the stretch reflex
    • Pearce J.M.S. Robert Whytt and the stretch reflex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997, 62(5):484.
    • (1997) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 484
    • Pearce, J.M.S.1
  • 69
    • 0034327893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of intrinsic and reflex contributions to muscle dynamics: a modeling study
    • Perreault E.J., Crago P.E., Kirsch R.F. Estimation of intrinsic and reflex contributions to muscle dynamics: a modeling study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2000, 47(11):1413-1421.
    • (2000) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.47 , Issue.11 , pp. 1413-1421
    • Perreault, E.J.1    Crago, P.E.2    Kirsch, R.F.3
  • 70
    • 0035169922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of voluntary force generation on the elastic components of endpoint stiffness
    • Perreault E.J., Kirsch R.F., Crago P.E. Effects of voluntary force generation on the elastic components of endpoint stiffness. Exp Brain Res 2001, 141(3):312-323.
    • (2001) Exp Brain Res , vol.141 , Issue.3 , pp. 312-323
    • Perreault, E.J.1    Kirsch, R.F.2    Crago, P.E.3
  • 71
    • 47549111169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions with compliant loads alter stretch reflex gains but not intermuscular coordination
    • Perreault E.J., Chen K., Trumbower R.D., Lewis G. Interactions with compliant loads alter stretch reflex gains but not intermuscular coordination. J Neurophysiol 2008, 99(5):2101-2113.
    • (2008) J Neurophysiol , vol.99 , Issue.5 , pp. 2101-2113
    • Perreault, E.J.1    Chen, K.2    Trumbower, R.D.3    Lewis, G.4
  • 72
    • 0032190639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that a transcortical pathway contributes to stretch reflexes in the tibialis anterior muscle in man
    • Petersen N., Christensen L.O.D., Morita H., Sinkjaer T., Nielsen J. Evidence that a transcortical pathway contributes to stretch reflexes in the tibialis anterior muscle in man. J Physiol - Lond 1998, 512(1):267-276.
    • (1998) J Physiol - Lond , vol.512 , Issue.1 , pp. 267-276
    • Petersen, N.1    Christensen, L.O.D.2    Morita, H.3    Sinkjaer, T.4    Nielsen, J.5
  • 73
    • 59849101313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical involvement in anticipatory postural reactions in man
    • Petersen T.H., Rosenberg K., Petersen N.C., Nielsen J.B. Cortical involvement in anticipatory postural reactions in man. Exp Brain Res 2009, 193(2):161-171.
    • (2009) Exp Brain Res , vol.193 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-171
    • Petersen, T.H.1    Rosenberg, K.2    Petersen, N.C.3    Nielsen, J.B.4
  • 74
    • 0024310431 scopus 로고
    • Sensorimotor gain control - a basic strategy of motor systems
    • Prochazka A. Sensorimotor gain control - a basic strategy of motor systems. Prog Neurobiol 1989, 33(4):281-307.
    • (1989) Prog Neurobiol , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 281-307
    • Prochazka, A.1
  • 75
    • 0021836142 scopus 로고
    • 'Fusimotor set': new evidence for alpha-independent control of gamma-motoneurones during movement in the awake cat
    • Prochazka A., Hulliger M., Zangger P., Appenteng K. 'Fusimotor set': new evidence for alpha-independent control of gamma-motoneurones during movement in the awake cat. Brain Res. 1985, 339(1):136-140.
    • (1985) Brain Res. , vol.339 , Issue.1 , pp. 136-140
    • Prochazka, A.1    Hulliger, M.2    Zangger, P.3    Appenteng, K.4
  • 77
    • 0030857912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of positive feedback in the control of movement
    • Prochazka A., Gillard D., Bennett D.J. Implications of positive feedback in the control of movement. J Neurophysiol 1997, 77:3237-3251.
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.77 , pp. 3237-3251
    • Prochazka, A.1    Gillard, D.2    Bennett, D.J.3
  • 78
    • 0033967606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do reflex and voluntary mean? Modern views on an ancient debate
    • Prochazka A., Clarac F., Loeb G.E., Rothwell J.C., Wolpaw J.R. What do reflex and voluntary mean? Modern views on an ancient debate. Exp Brain Res 2000, 130(4):417-432.
    • (2000) Exp Brain Res , vol.130 , Issue.4 , pp. 417-432
    • Prochazka, A.1    Clarac, F.2    Loeb, G.E.3    Rothwell, J.C.4    Wolpaw, J.R.5
  • 79
    • 55249127512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid motor responses are appropriately tuned to the metrics of a visuospatial task
    • Pruszynski J.A., Kurtzer I., Scott S.H. Rapid motor responses are appropriately tuned to the metrics of a visuospatial task. J Neurophysiol 2008, 100(1):224-238.
    • (2008) J Neurophysiol , vol.100 , Issue.1 , pp. 224-238
    • Pruszynski, J.A.1    Kurtzer, I.2    Scott, S.H.3
  • 80
    • 0016188471 scopus 로고
    • The short range stiffness of active mammalian muscle and its effect on mechanical properties
    • Rack P.M.H., Westbury D.R. The short range stiffness of active mammalian muscle and its effect on mechanical properties. J Physiol 1974, 240:331-350.
    • (1974) J Physiol , vol.240 , pp. 331-350
    • Rack, P.M.H.1    Westbury, D.R.2
  • 81
    • 0019312023 scopus 로고
    • Influence of voluntary intent on the human long-latency stretch reflex
    • Rothwell J.C., Traub M.M., Marsden C.D. Influence of voluntary intent on the human long-latency stretch reflex. Nature 1980, 286(5772):496-498.
    • (1980) Nature , vol.286 , Issue.5772 , pp. 496-498
    • Rothwell, J.C.1    Traub, M.M.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 82
    • 0036924851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of brainstem-spinal projections in voluntary movement
    • Rothwell J.C., MacKinnon C.D., Valls-Sole J. Role of brainstem-spinal projections in voluntary movement. Mov Disord 2002, 17:S27-S29.
    • (2002) Mov Disord , vol.17
    • Rothwell, J.C.1    MacKinnon, C.D.2    Valls-Sole, J.3
  • 83
    • 33751224742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impedance modulation and feedback corrections in tracking targets of variable size and frequency
    • Selen L.P., van Dieen J.H., Beek P.J. Impedance modulation and feedback corrections in tracking targets of variable size and frequency. J Neurophysiol 2006, 96(5):2750-2759.
    • (2006) J Neurophysiol , vol.96 , Issue.5 , pp. 2750-2759
    • Selen, L.P.1    van Dieen, J.H.2    Beek, P.J.3
  • 84
    • 70350339791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The differential role of motor cortex in stretch reflex modulation induced by changes in environmental mechanics and verbal instruction
    • Shemmell J.B.H., An J.H., Perreault E.J. The differential role of motor cortex in stretch reflex modulation induced by changes in environmental mechanics and verbal instruction. J Neurosci 2009, 29(42):13255-13263.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , Issue.42 , pp. 13255-13263
    • Shemmell, J.B.H.1    An, J.H.2    Perreault, E.J.3
  • 85
    • 0024935071 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of wrist stiffness by the stretch reflex
    • Sinkjaer T., Hayashi R. Regulation of wrist stiffness by the stretch reflex. J Biomech 1989, 22(11-12):1133-1140.
    • (1989) J Biomech , vol.22 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 1133-1140
    • Sinkjaer, T.1    Hayashi, R.2
  • 86
    • 0023695436 scopus 로고
    • Muscle stiffness in human ankle dorsiflexors: intrinsic and reflex components
    • Sinkjaer T., Toft E., Andreassen S., Hornemann B.C. Muscle stiffness in human ankle dorsiflexors: intrinsic and reflex components. J Neurophysiol 1988, 60(3):1110-1121.
    • (1988) J Neurophysiol , vol.60 , Issue.3 , pp. 1110-1121
    • Sinkjaer, T.1    Toft, E.2    Andreassen, S.3    Hornemann, B.C.4
  • 87
    • 0029916981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effects of two antispastic drugs, tizanidine and baclofen, on synaptic transmission from muscle spindle afferents to spinal interneurones in cats
    • Skoog B. A comparison of the effects of two antispastic drugs, tizanidine and baclofen, on synaptic transmission from muscle spindle afferents to spinal interneurones in cats. Acta Physiol Scand 1996, 156(1):81-90.
    • (1996) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.156 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-90
    • Skoog, B.1
  • 88
    • 64749114271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pontomedullary reticular formation contributes to the compensatory postural responses observed following removal of the support surface in the standing cat
    • Stapley P.J., Drew T. The pontomedullary reticular formation contributes to the compensatory postural responses observed following removal of the support surface in the standing cat. J Neurophysiol 2009, 101(3):1334-1350.
    • (2009) J Neurophysiol , vol.101 , Issue.3 , pp. 1334-1350
    • Stapley, P.J.1    Drew, T.2
  • 89
    • 0029001295 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of short-latency reflexes in human elbow flexor muscles
    • Stein R.B., Hunter I.W., Lafontaine S.R., Jones L.A. Analysis of short-latency reflexes in human elbow flexor muscles. J Neurophysiol 1995, 73(5):1900-1911.
    • (1995) J Neurophysiol , vol.73 , Issue.5 , pp. 1900-1911
    • Stein, R.B.1    Hunter, I.W.2    Lafontaine, S.R.3    Jones, L.A.4
  • 90
    • 0016196856 scopus 로고
    • Jaw muscle spindle activity in the cat during normal movements of eating and drinking
    • Taylor A., Cody F.W.J. Jaw muscle spindle activity in the cat during normal movements of eating and drinking. Brain Res 1974, 71:523-530.
    • (1974) Brain Res , vol.71 , pp. 523-530
    • Taylor, A.1    Cody, F.W.J.2
  • 91
    • 65549095781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of self-selected postures to regulate multi-joint stiffness during unconstrained tasks
    • Trumbower R.D., Krutky M.A., Yang B.-S., Perreault E.J. Use of self-selected postures to regulate multi-joint stiffness during unconstrained tasks. PLoS One 2009, 4(5):e5411.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4 , Issue.5
    • Trumbower, R.D.1    Krutky, M.A.2    Yang, B.-S.3    Perreault, E.J.4
  • 92
    • 0033135541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterned ballistic movements triggered by a startle in healthy humans
    • Valls-Sole J., Rothwell J.C., Goulart F., Cossu G., Munoz E. Patterned ballistic movements triggered by a startle in healthy humans. J Physiol 1999, 516(Pt 3):931-938.
    • (1999) J Physiol , vol.516 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 931-938
    • Valls-Sole, J.1    Rothwell, J.C.2    Goulart, F.3    Cossu, G.4    Munoz, E.5
  • 93
    • 34447296752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle reflexes and synergies triggered by an unexpected support surface height during walking
    • van der Linden M.H., Marigold D.S., Gabreels F.J., Duysens J. Muscle reflexes and synergies triggered by an unexpected support surface height during walking. J Neurophysiol 2007, 97(5):3639-3650.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.97 , Issue.5 , pp. 3639-3650
    • van der Linden, M.H.1    Marigold, D.S.2    Gabreels, F.J.3    Duysens, J.4
  • 94
    • 0036164161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tactile, acoustic and vestibular systems sum to elicit the startle reflex
    • Yeomans J.S., Li L., Scott B.W., Frankland P.W. Tactile, acoustic and vestibular systems sum to elicit the startle reflex. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2002, 26(1):1-11.
    • (2002) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-11
    • Yeomans, J.S.1    Li, L.2    Scott, B.W.3    Frankland, P.W.4
  • 95
    • 0031539141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous and nonlinear identification of mechanical and reflex properties of human elbow joint muscles
    • Zhang L.-Q., Rymer W.Z. Simultaneous and nonlinear identification of mechanical and reflex properties of human elbow joint muscles. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1997, 44(12):1192-1209.
    • (1997) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.44 , Issue.12 , pp. 1192-1209
    • Zhang, L.-Q.1    Rymer, W.Z.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.