Fantasy proneness and counterfactual thinking

Personality and Individual Differences

Volumn 54, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 469-473

  Bacon, Alison M ^a   Walsh, Clare R ^a   Martin, Leanne ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

CEQ; Counterfactual thinking; DASS; Fantasy proneness; Mood

Indexed keywords

EID: 84871678047     PISSN: 01918869     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.09.023     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Alicke M.D., Buckingham J., Zell E., Davis T. Culpable control and counterfactual reasoning in the psychology of blame. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin 2008, 34:1371-1381.
2. Au T.K. Chinese and English counterfactuals: The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis revisited. Cognition 1983, 15:155-187.
3. Baron R.M., Kenny D.A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1986, 51:1173-1182.
4. Byrne R.M.J. Mental models and counterfactual thoughts about what might have been. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 2002, 6(10):426-431.
5. Costa P.T., McCrae R.R. Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO PI-R) manual 2006, Hogrefe, Oxford. UK ed.
6. Crawford J.R., Henry J.D. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS): Normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2003, 42:111-131.
7. Davis C.G., Lehman D.R. Counterfactual thinking and coping with traumatic life events. What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking 1995, 353-374. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. N.J. Roese, J.M. Olson (Eds.).
8. Eisen M.L., Lynn S.J. Dissociation, memory and suggestibility in adults and children. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2001, 15:49-73.
9. Epstude K., Roese N.J. The functional theory of counterfactual thinking. Personality & Social Psychology Review 2008, 12(2):168-192.
10. Gilbar O., Hevroni A. Counterfactuals, coping strategies and psychological distress among breast cancer patients. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 2007, 20:382-392.
11. Harris P.L., German T., Mills P. Children's use of counterfactual thinking in causal reasoning. Cognition 1996, 61:233-259.
12. Horselenberg R., Merckelbach H., van Breukelen G., Wessel I. Individual differences in the accuracy of autobiographical memory. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 2004, 11:168-176.
13. Kasimatis M., Wells G.L. Individual differences in counterfactual thinking. What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking 1995, 81-101. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. N.J. Roese, J.M. Olson (Eds.).
14. Kocovski N.L., Endler N.S., Rector N.A., Flett G.L. Ruminative coping and post-event processing in social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2005, 43:971-984.
15. Kray L.J., George L.G., Liljenquist K.A., Galinsky A.D., Tetlock P.E., Roese N.J. From what might have been to what must have been: Counterfactual thinking creates meaning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2010, 98:106-118.
16. Lawrence T., Edwards C., Barraclough N., Church S., Hetherington F. Modelling childhood causes of paranormal belief and experience: Childhood trauma and childhood fantasy. Personality and Individual Differences 1995, 19:209-215.
17. Levin R., Spei E. Relationship of purported measures of pathological and nonpathological dissociation to self-reported psychological distress and fantasy immersion. Assessment 2003, 11(2):160-168.
18. Lovibond S.H., Lovibond P.F. Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 1995, Psychology Foundation, Sydney.
19. Lynn S.J., Rhue J.W. The fantasy prone personality: Hypnosis, developmental antecedents, and psychopathology. American Psychologist 1988, 43:35-44.
20. Maaranen P., Tanskanen A., Honkalampi K., Haatainen K., Hintikka J., Viinamäki H. Factors associated with pathological dissociation in the general population. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2005, 39(5):387-394.
21. Mandel D.R. Counterfactuals, emotions, and context. Cognition and Emotion 2003, 17:39-159.
22. Markman K.D., Gavanski I., Sherman S.J., McMullen M.N. The mental simulation of better and worse possible worlds. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1993, 29:87-109.
23. Markman K.D., McMullen M.N. A reflection and evaluation model of comparative thinking. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2003, 7:244-267.
24. Markman K.D., McMullen M.N., Elizaga R.A. Counterfactual thinking, persistence, and performance: A test of the reflection and evaluation model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2008, 44(2):421-428.
25. Markman K.D., Miller A.K. Depression, control and counterfactual thinking: Functional for whom?. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2006, 25:210-227.
26. Markman K.D., Weary G. The influence of chronic control concerns on counterfactual thought. Social Cognition 1996, 14:292-316.
27. Mason M.F., Norton M.I., Van Horn J.D., Wegner D.M., Grafton S.T., Macrae C.N. Wandering minds: The default network and stimulus-independent thought. Science 2007, 315:393-395.
28. McEleney A., Byrne R.M.J. Spontaneous counterfactual thoughts and causal explanations. Thinking & Reasoning 2006, 12(2):235-255.
29. Merckelbach H. Telling a good story: Fantasy proneness and the quality of fabricated memories. Personality and Individual Differences 2004, 37:1371-1382.
30. Merckelbach H., Giesbrecht T. Subclinical dissociation, schizotypy, and traumatic distress. Personality and Individual Differences 2006, 40:365-374.
31. Merckelbach H., Horselenberg R., Muris P. The Creative Experiences Questionnaire (CEQ): A brief self-report measure of fantasy proneness. Personality and Individual Differences 2001, 31:987-995.
32. Monroe M.R., Skowronski J.J., MacDonald W., Wood S.E. The mildly depressed experience more postdecisional regret than the non-depressed. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2005, 24:665-690.
33. Näring G., Nijenhuis E.R.S. Relationships between self-reported potentially traumatizing events, psychoform and somatoform dissociation, and absorption, in two non-clinical populations. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 2005, 39:982-988.
34. Niedenthal P.M., Tangney J.P., Gavanski I. 'If only I weren't' versus 'If only I hadn't': Distinguishing shame from guilt in counterfactual thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1994, 67:585-595.
35. Nolen-Hoeksema S. The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2000, 109(3):504-511.
36. Nolen-Hoeksema S., Aldao A. Gender differences in emotion regulation strategies and their relationship to depressive symptoms. Personality & Individual Differences 2011, 51:704-708.
37. Preacher K.J., Hayes A.F. SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers 2004, 36(4):717-731.
38. Roese N.J. Counterfactual thinking. Psychological Bulletin 1997, 121:133-148.
39. Roese N.J., Epstude K., Fessel F., Morrison M., Smallman R., Summerville A., et al. Repetitive regret, depression and anxiety: Findings from a nationally representative survey. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2009, 28:671-688.
40. Roese N.J., Hur T. Affective determinants of counterfactual thinking. Social Cognition 1997, 15(4):274-290.
41. Roese N.J., Morrison M. The psychology of counterfactual thinking. Historical Social Research 2009, 34(2):16-26.
42. Ross C.A., Joshi S., Currie R. Dissociative experiences in the general population. American Journal of Psychiatry 1990, 147:1547-1552.
43. Sanna L.J. Mental simulation, affect and personality: A conceptual framework. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2000, 9:168-173.
44. Sanna L.J., Turley K.J. Antecedents to spontaneous counterfactual thinking: Effects of expectancy violation and outcome valence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1996, 22:906-919.
45. Sanna L.J., Turley-Ames K.J., Meier S. Mood, self-esteem, and simulated alternatives: Thought-provoking affective influences on counterfactual direction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1999, 76:543-558.
46. Schupak C., Rosenthal J. Excessive daydreaming: A case history and discussion of mind wandering and high fantasy proneness. Consciousness and Cognition 2009, 18(1):290-292.
47. Seta, C. E. & Seta, J. J. (in press). Regret in pursuit of change and maintenance goals. Motivation and Emotion. (online). doi:10.1007/s11031-012-9283-8.
48. Smallman R., Roese N.J. Counterfactual thinking facilitates behavioral intentions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2009, 45(4):845-852.
49. Smith M., Mathur R. Childrens' imagination and fantasy: Implications for development, education, and classroom activities. Research in the Schools 2009, 16(1):52-63.
50. Sweeny K., Vohs K.D. On near misses and completed tasks: The nature of relief. Psychological Science 2012, 23:464-468.
51. Tutkun H., Sar V., Yargic L.I., Ozpulat T., Yanik M., Kiziltan E. Frequency of dissociative disorders among psychiatric inpatients in a Turkish university clinic. American Journal of Psychiatry 1998, 155:800-805.
52. Walsh C.R., Byrne R.M.J. How people think " if only ..." about reasons for actions. Thinking & Reasoning 2007, 13(4):461-483.
53. Wong E.M., Haselhuhn M.P., Kray L.J. Improving the future by considering the past: The impact of upward counterfactual reflection and implicit beliefs on negotiation performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2012, 48:403-406.
54. Wrosch C., Bauer I., Miller G.E., Lupien S. Regret intensity, diurnal cortisol secretion, and physical health in older individuals: Evidence for directional effects and protective factors. Psychology and Aging 2007, 22:319-330.
55. Zhiyan T., Singer J.L. Daydreaming styles, emotionality and the Big Five personality dimensions. Imagination, Cognition and Personality 1997, 16(4):399-414.