Contextualism as an important facet of individualism-collectivism: Personhood beliefs across 37 national groups

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

Volumn 44, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 24-45

  Owe, Ellinor ^a   Vignoles, Vivian L ^a   Becker, Maja ^ay   Brown, Rupert ^a   Smith, Peter B ^a   Lee, Spike W S ^b   Easterbrook, Matt ^a   Gadre, Tanuja ^a   Zhang, Xiao ^c   Gheorghiu, Mirona ^d   Baguma, Peter ^e   Tatarko, Alexander ^f   Aldhafri, Said ^g   Zinkeng, Martina ^h   Schwartz, Seth J ⁱ   Des Rosiers, Sabrina E ⁱ   Villamar, Juan A ⁱ   Mekonnen, Kassahun Habtamu ^j   Regalia, Camillo ^k   Manzi, Claudia ^k   Brambilla, Maria ^k   Kusdil, Ersin ^l   Çaǧlar, Selinay ^l   Gavreliuc, Alin ^m   Martin, Mariana ⁿ   Jianxin, Zhang ^o   Lv, Shaobo ^o   Fischer, Ronald ^p   Milfont, Taciano L ^p   Torres, Ana ^q   Camino, Leoncio ^q   Kreuzbauer, Robert ^r   Gausel, Nicolay ^s   Buitendach, Johanna H ^t   Lemos, Flávia Cristina Silveira ^u   Fritsche, Immo ^v   Möller, Bettina ^w   Harb, Charles ^x   Valk, Aune ^y   Espinosa, Agustín ^z   Jaafar, Jas Laile ^aa   Yuki, Masaki ^ab   Ferreira, M Cristina ^ac   Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit ^ad   Fülöp, Márta ^ae   Chybicka, Aneta ^af   Wang, Qian ^ag   Bond, Michael Harris ^ah   González, Roberto ^ai   Didier, Nicolas ^ai   Carrasco, Diego ^ai   Cadena, Maria Paz ^ai   Lay, Siugmin ^ai   Gardarsdóttir, Ragna B ^aj   Nizharadze, George ^ak   Pyszczynski, Tom ^al   Kesebir, Pelin ^al   Herman, Ginette ^am   de Sauvage, Isabelle ^am   Courtois, Marie ^am   Bourguignon, David ^an   Özgen, Emre ^ao   Güner, Ülku E ^ao   Yamakoǧlu, Nil ^ao   Abuhamdeh, Sami ^ap   Mogaji, Andrew ^aq   Macapagal, Ma Elizabeth J ^ar   Koller, Silvia H ^as   Amponsah, Benjamin ^at   Misra, Girishwar ^au   Kapur, Preeti ^au   Vargas Trujillo, Elvia ^av   Balanta, Paola ^av   Cendales Ayala, Boris ^av   Schweiger Gallo, Inge ^aw   Prieto Gil, Paula ^aw   Clemares, Raquel Lorente ^aw   Campara, Gabriella ^aw   Jalal, Baland ^ax   more..

^a UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^c OSAKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^e MAKERERE UNIVERSITY   (Uganda)

^f NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY HIGHER SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (Russian Federation)

^g SULTAN QABOOS UNIVERSITY   (Oman)

^h UNIVERSITY OF BUEA   (Cameroon)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^j ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY   (Ethiopia)

^k UNIVERSITÀ CATTOLICA DEL SACRO CUORE   (Italy)

^l ANKARA UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^m WEST UNIVERSITY OF TIMISOARA   (Romania)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA   (Namibia)

^o INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS   (China)

^p VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

^q FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF PARAÍBA   (Brazil)

^r NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (Singapore)

^s ØSTFOLD UNIVERSITY COLLEGE   (Norway)

^t UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

^u Federal University of Par   (Brazil)

^v UNIVERSITY OF LEIPZIG   (Germany)

^w FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^x AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF BEIRUT   (Lebanon)

^y UNIVERSITY OF TARTU   (Estonia)

^z PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL PERÚ   (Peru)

^aa UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA   (Malaysia)

^ab HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^ac SALGADO DE OLIVEIRA UNIVERSITY   (Brazil)

^ad THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

^ae INSTITUTE OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE   (Hungary)

^af UNIVERSITY OF GDA SK   (Poland)

^ag CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^ah HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

^ai PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE CHILE   (Chile)

^aj UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

^ak FREE UNIVERSITY OF TBILISI   (Georgia)

^al UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^am UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^an UNIVERSITÉ DE LORRAINE   (France)

^ao BILKENT UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^ap ISTANBUL SEHIR UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^aq BENUE STATE UNIVERSITY   (Nigeria)

^ar ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY   (Philippines)

^as FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL   (Brazil)

^at UNIVERSITY OF GHANA   (Ghana)

^au UNIVERSITY OF DELHI   (India)

^av UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES   (Colombia)

^aw UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^ax AMERICAN UNIVERSITY IN CAIRO   (Egypt)

^ay UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE   (France)

more..

Author keywords

cross cultural differences; individualism collectivism; measurement invariance; personhood beliefs

Indexed keywords

EID: 84870991829     PISSN: 00220221     EISSN: 15525422     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022022111430255     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Baumgartner H.,Steenkamp J. B. E. M.Multi-group latent variable models for varying numbers of items and factors with cross-national and longitudinal applications.Marketing Letters. 1998;9:21-35.
2. Becker M.,Vignoles V. L.,Owe E.,Brown R.,Smith P. B.,Easterbrook M.,Yamakoǧlu N.Culture and the distinctiveness motive: Constructing identity in individualistic and collectivistic contexts.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. in press.
3. Bond M. H.,Leung K.,Au A.,Tong K.-K.,Chemonges-Nielson Z.Combining social axioms with values in predicting social behaviours.European Journal of Personality. 2004;18:177-191.
4. Bond M. H.,Leung K.,Tong K.- K.,de Carrasquel S. R.,Murakami F.,Yamaguchi S.,Lewis G.Culture-level dimensions of social axioms and their correlates across 41 cultures.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2004;35:548-570.
5. Brewer M. B.,Chen Y. R.Where (who) are collectives in collectivism? Toward conceptual clarification of individualism and collectivism.Psychological Review. 2007;114:133-151.
6. Brislin R. W.Back-translation for cross-cultural research.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 1970;1:185-216.
7. Byrne B. M.,Shavelson R. J.,Muthén B.Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement invariance.Psychological Bulletin. 1989;105:456-466.
8. Chen F. F.What happens if we compare chopsticks with forks? The impact of making inappropriate comparisons in cross-cultural research.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2008;95:1005-1018.
9. Cheung G. W.,Rensvold R. B.Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance.Structural Equation Modeling. 2002;9:233-255.
10. Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 1987;18:143-164.
11. Chiu C.,Hong Y.,Dweck C. S.Lay dispositionism and implicit theories of personality.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1997;73:19-30.
12. Choi I.,Nisbett R. E.Situational salience and cultural differences in the correspondence bias and actor-observer bias.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1998;24:949-960.
13. Choi I.,Nisbett R. E.,Norenzayan A.Causal attribution across cultures: Variation and universality.Psychological Bulletin. 1999;125:47-63.
14. Church A. T.,Katigbak M. S.,del Prado A. M.,Ortiz F. A.,Mastor K. A.,Harumi Y.,Cabrera H. F.Implicit theories and self-perceptions of traitedness across cultures.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2006;37:694-716.
15. Church A. T.,Katigbak M. S.,Ortiz F. A.,del Prado A. M.,Vargas-Flores J. D.,Ibáñez-Reyes J.,Cabrera H. F.Investigating implicit trait theories across cultures.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2005;36:476-496.
16. Church A. T.,Ortiz F. A.,Katigbak M. S.,Avdeyeva T. V.,Emerson A. M.,Vargas Flores J. D.,Ibáñez Reyes J.Measuring individual and cultural differences in implicit trait theories.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2003;85:332-347.
17. Davidov E.,Schmidt P.,Schwartz S. H.Bringing values back in: The adequacy of the European social survey to measure values in 20 countries.Public Opinion Quarterly. 2008;72:420-445.
18. Earley P. C.,Gibson C. B.Taking stock in our progress on individualism-collectivism: 100 years of solidarity and community.Journal of Management. 1998;24:265-304.
19. Fischer R.Where is culture in cross cultural research? An outline of a multilevel research process for measuring culture as a shared meaning system.International Journal of Cross Cultural Management. 2009;9:25-49.
20. Fischer R.,Ferreira M. C.,Assmar E.,Redford P.,Harb C.,Glazer S.,Achoui M.Individualism-collectivism as descriptive norms: Development of a subjective norm approach to culture measurement.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2009;40:187-213.
21. Fischer R.,Fontaine J. R. J.Handbook of cross-cultural research methods. Matsumoto D.van de Vijver F., ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2011:179-215.
22. Fischer R.,Schwartz S.Whence differences in value priorities? Individual, cultural, or artifactual sources.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2011;42:1127-1144.
23. Franke G. R.,Nadler S. S.Culture, economic development, and national ethical attitudes.Journal of Business Research. 2008;61:254-264.
24. Geertz C.On the nature of anthropological understanding.American Scientist. 1975;63:47-53.
25. Gheorghiu M. A.,Vignoles V. L.,Smith P. B.Beyond the United States and Japan: Testing Yamagishi's emancipation theory of trust across 31 nations.Social Psychology Quarterly. 2009;72:365-383.
26. Gudykunst W. B.,Matsumoto Y.,Ting-Toomey S.,Nishida T.The influence of cultural individualism-collectivism, self construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures.Human Communication Research. 1996;22:510-543.
27. Hardin E. E.,Leong F. T. L.,Bhagwat A. A.Factor structure of the Self-Construal Scale revisited: Implications for the multidimensionality of self-construal.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2004;35:327-345.
28. Haslam N.,Bastian B.,Bissett M.Essentialist beliefs about personality and their implications.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2004;30:1661-1673.
29. Hofstede G.Culture's consequences. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE; 1980:.
30. House R. J.,Hanges P. J.,Javidan M.,Dorfman P.,Gupta V.Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; 2004:.
31. Hox J.Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; 2002:.
32. Kaǧitçibaşi Ç.Handbook of cross-cultural psychology. 1997). Individualism and collectivism. In BerryJ. W.SegallM. H.KaǧitçibaşiÇ. (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 1-49). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.Berry J. W.Segall M. H.Kaǧitçibaşi Ç., ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon; 1997:1-49.
33. Kashima Y.,Kashima E.,Chiu C.- Y.,Farsides T.,Gelfand M.,Hong Y.- Y., Yzerbyt V.Culture, essentialism, and agency: Are individuals universally believed to be more real entities than groups?.European Journal of Social Psychology. 2005;35:147-169.
34. Kitayama S.,Park H.,Sevincer A. T.,Karasawa M.,Uskul A. K.A cultural task analysis of implicit independence: Comparing North America, Western Europe, and East Asia.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009;97:236-255.
35. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling (2nd ed.). London: The Guilford Press.
36. Knafo A.,Schwartz S. H.,Levine R. V.Helping strangers is lower in embedded cultures.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2009;40:875-879.
37. Kreft I. G.,De Leeuw J.Introducing multilevel modeling. London: SAGE; 1998:.
38. Krull D. S.,Loy M. H.-M.,Lin J.,Wang C.- F.,Chen S.,Zhao X.The fundamental fundamental attribution error: Correspondence bias in individualist and collectivist cultures.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1999;25:1208-1219.
39. Leung K.,Au A.,Huang X.,Kurman J.,Niit T.,Niit K.- K.Social axioms and values: A cross-cultural examination.European Journal of Personality. 2007;21:91-111.
40. Leung K.,Bond M. H.,de Carrasquel S. R.,Munoz C.,Hernandez M.,Murakami F.,Singelis T. M.Social axioms: The search for universal dimensions of general beliefs about how the world functions.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2002;33:286-302.
41. Levy S. R.,Plaks J. E.,Hong Y.,Chiu C.,Dweck C. S.Static versus dynamic theories and the perception of groups: Different routes to different destinations.Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2001;5:156-168.
42. Little T. D.,Card N. A.,Slegers D. W.,Ledford E. C.Modeling contextual effects in longitudinal studies. Little T. D.Bovaird N. A.Card J. A., ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 2007:121-147.
43. Markus H. R.,Kitayama S.Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.Psychological Review. 1991;98:224-253.
44. Matsumoto D.,Yoo S. H.,Fontaine J.Hypocrisy or maturity? Culture and context differentiation.European Journal of Personality. 2009;23:251-264.
45. Mauss M.The category of the person. Carrithers M.Collins S.Lukes S., ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1985:1-25.
46. Miller J. G.Culture and the development of everyday social explanation.Journal of Personality and Social psychology. 1984;46:961-978.
47. Morris M. W.,Peng K.Culture and cause: American and Chinese attributions for social and physical events.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1994;67:949-971.
48. Norenzayan A.,Choi I.,Nisbett R. E.Cultural similarities and differences in social inference: Evidence from behavioral predictions and lay theories of behavior.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2002;28:109-120.
49. Oyserman D.,Coon H. M.,Kemmelmeier M.Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses.Psychological Bulletin. 2002;128:3-72.
50. Ross L.,Nisbett R. E.The person and the situation: Perspectives of social psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1991:.
51. Schimmack U.,Oishi S.,Diener E.Individualism: A valid and important dimension of cultural differences between nations.Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2005;9:17-31.
52. Schwartz S. H.Advances in experimental social psychology. Zanna M. P., ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1992:1-65.
53. Schwartz S. H.Comparing cultures: Dimensions of culture in a comparative perspective. Vinken H.Soeters J.Ester P., ed. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill; 2004:43-73.
54. Schwartz S. H.Measuring attitudes cross-nationally: Lessons from the European Social Survey. Jowell R.Roberts C.Fitzgerald R.Eva G., ed. London: SAGE; 2007:161-193.
55. Shweder R. A.,Bourne E. J.Culture theory: Essays on mind, self, and emotion. Shweder R. A.LeVine R. A., ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1984:158-199.
56. Singelis T. M.The measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 1994;20:580-591.
57. Smith P. B.When elephants fight, the grass gets trampled: The GLOBE and Hofstede projects.Journal of International Business Studies. 2006;37:915-921.
58. Smith P. B.Handbook of identity theory and research. Schwartz S. J.Luyckx K.Vignoles V. L., ed. New York: Springer; 2011:249-265.
59. Smith P. B.,Bond M. H.,Kaǧitçibaşi ÇUnderstanding social psychology across cultures: Living and working in a changing world. London: SAGE; 2006:.
60. Smith P. B.,Long K. M.Social identities: Motivational, emotional and cultural influence. Brown R. J.Capozza D., ed. Hove, UK: Psychology Press; 2006:153-169.
61. Spini D.Measurement equivalence of 10 value types from the Schwartz Value Survey across 21 countries.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2003;34:3-23.
62. Transparency International. (2011). Corruption perceptions index. Retrieved from http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results.
63. Triandis H. C.The analysis of subjective culture. New York: Wiley; 1972:.
64. Triandis H. C.Collectivism and individualism as cultural syndromes.Cross-Cultural Research. 1993;27:155-180.
65. Triandis H. C.Individualism & collectivism. New Boulder, CO: Westview Press; 1995:.
66. Triandis H. C.,Chan D. K.- S.,Bhawuk D. P. S.,Iwao S.,Sinha J. B. P.Multimethod probes of allocentrism and idiocentrism.International Journal of Psychology. 1995;30:461-480.
67. Vignoles V. L.,Chryssochoou X.,Breakwell G. M.The distinctiveness principle: Identity, meaning, and the bounds of cultural relativity.Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2000;4:337-354.
68. VignolesV. L.OweE.LeeS. W. S.GadreT. (2010). Personhood beliefs in India and the UK. Unpublished manuscript, University of Sussex, United Kingdom.
69. van de Vliert E.Climato-economic origins of variation in ingroup favoritism.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2010;42:494-515.
70. Watson D.The actor and the observer: How are their perceptions of causality divergent?.Psychological Bulletin. 1982;92:682-700.
71. Welkenhuysen-Gybels J.,Billiet J.,Cambré B.Adjustment for acquiescence in the assessment of the construct equivalence of Likert-type score items.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2003;34:702-722.
72. Welzel C.How selfish are self-expression values? A civicness test.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2010;41:152-174.
73. The global competitiveness report 2004-2005. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2004:.
74. Yamagishi T.Advances in culture psychology. Gelfand M. J.Chiu C.- y.Hong Y.- y, ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 2010:251-308.
75. Yamagishi T.,Yamagishi M.Trust and commitment in the United States and Japan.Motivation and Emotion. 1994;18:129-166.