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Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 576-584

Prevention of surgical site infections in bone and joint procedures

Author keywords

Arthroplasty; Hip; Joint; Knee; Surgical site infection

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; BONE CEMENT; CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE; PSEUDOMONIC ACID;

EID: 84870517877     PISSN: 15233847     EISSN: 15343146     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11908-012-0278-0     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (9)

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    • A case-control study (prosthetic joint infections of 36 hips and 27 knees compared to 1:2-matched controls) came up with thefollowing risk factors for a SSI: (1) Knee arthroplasty: Wound discharge increased the risk while drain tubes reduced the risk. (2) Hip arthroplasty: increased body mass index, increased drain tube loss and superficial incisional SSI increased the risk
    • Peel TN, Dowsey MM, Daffy JR, Stanley PA, Choong PF, Buising KL. Risk factors for prosthetic hip and knee infections according to arthroplasty site. J Hosp Infect. 2011;79:129-33. A case-control study (prosthetic joint infections of 36 hips and 27 knees compared to 1:2-matched controls) came up with thefollowing risk factors for a SSI: (1) Knee arthroplasty: Wound discharge increased the risk while drain tubes reduced the risk. (2) Hip arthroplasty: increased body mass index, increased drain tube loss and superficial incisional SSI increased the risk.
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    • Dumville JC, Walter CJ, Sharp CA, Page T. Dressings for the prevention of surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;CD003091. 16 randomized controlled trials (2,578 patients) got included in this meta-Analysis. The authors found no evidence that covering surgical wounds healing by primary intention with wound dressings reduces the risk of SSI or that any particular wound dressing is more effective than others in reducing SSI rates, improving scarring, pain control, patient acceptability or ease of dressing removal, but numbers of patients were low and several studies were of poor quality.
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    • Over 10 years 51,485 primary total hip and 36,826 primary total knee replacements were analyses. Independently of age, disease, operating time, surgeons and hospital the rate of revisions for early deep SSI was not reduced by the use of LAF
    • Hooper GJ, Rothwell AG, Frampton C, Wyatt MC. Does the use of laminar flow and space suits reduce early deep infection after total hip and knee replacement?: the ten-year results of the New Zealand Joint Registry. J Bone Jt Surg Br. 2011;93:85-90. Over 10 years 51,485 primary total hip and 36,826 primary total knee replacements were analyses. Independently of age, disease, operating time, surgeons and hospital the rate of revisions for early deep SSI was not reduced by the use of LAF.
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    • 33,463 elective (athrotic) hip prostheses from 48 hospital and additional 7,749 urgent (fracture) hip prostheses form 41 hospitals, and 20,553 knee prostheses from 38 hospitals got included in a cohort study using multivariate analysis. Neither LAF nor the size of the LAF ceiling was associated with lower SSI risk in any of the above mentioned types of surgery
    • Breier AC, Brandt C, Sohr D, Geffers C, Gastmeier P. Laminar airflow ceiling size: no impact on infection rates following hip and knee prosthesis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2011;32:1097-102. 33,463 elective (athrotic) hip prostheses from 48 hospital and additional 7,749 urgent (fracture) hip prostheses form 41 hospitals, and 20,553 knee prostheses from 38 hospitals got included in a cohort study using multivariate analysis. Neither LAF nor the size of the LAF ceiling was associated with lower SSI risk in any of the above mentioned types of surgery.
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    • in press. A systematic review including 4 cohort studies on the influence of LAF on the incidence of SSI following hip and knee prostheses calculated an increased (!) risk for SSI development when using LAF (OR01.36; CI95%: 1.06 -1.74 for knee prosthesis. OR01.71; CI95%: 1.21-2.41 for hip prosthesis
    • Gastmeier P, Breier AC, Brandt C. Laminar airflow or not laminar airflow? That is the question -A systematic review of cohort studies investigating the influence of LAF on severe surgical site infections. J Hosp Infect. 2012; in press. A systematic review including 4 cohort studies on the influence of LAF on the incidence of SSI following hip and knee prostheses calculated an increased (!) risk for SSI development when using LAF (OR01.36; CI95%: 1.06 -1.74 for knee prosthesis. OR01.71; CI95%: 1.21 -2.41 for hip prosthesis).
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    • Hawn MT, Vick CC, Richman J, et al. Surgical site infection prevention: time to move beyond the surgical care improvement program. Ann Surg. 2011;254:494-9. 60,853 surgical procedures from 112 hospitals were analyzed for adherence to 5 measures from the Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) guidelines. Adherence ranged from 75% to 99% and improved significantly of the study period, but was neither associated with lower SSI rates at the patient level, nor associated with hospital SSI rates.
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    • 182,146 patients who underwent primary total joint arthroplasty over 2 years performed by 3,421 physicians in 312 hospitals got included in a multivariate analysis. A high number of procedures performed by an individual surgeon were associated with lower risk of complications, lower rates of readmission and reoperation, shorter length of hospital stay, and higher likelihood of being discharged home. A high number of procedures performed in a specific hospital were associated with lower risk of mortality, lower risk of readmission, and higher likelihood of being discharged home
    • Bozic KJ, Maselli J, Pekow PS, Lindenauer PK, Vail TP, Auerbach AD. The influence of procedure volumes and standardization of care on quality and efficiency in total joint replacement surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:2643-52. 182,146 patients who underwent primary total joint arthroplasty over 2 years performed by 3,421 physicians in 312 hospitals got included in a multivariate analysis. A high number of procedures performed by an individual surgeon were associated with lower risk of complications, lower rates of readmission and reoperation, shorter length of hospital stay, and higher likelihood of being discharged home. A high number of procedures performed in a specific hospital were associated with lower risk of mortality, lower risk of readmission, and higher likelihood of being discharged home.
    • (2010) J Bone Joint Surg Am , vol.92 , pp. 2643-52
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    • Choice of hospital for revision total hip replacement
    • A total of 4,448 revision procedures after total hip replacement were performed in hospitals with annually volume stratums of ≤50, 51 to 100, and >100 surgical procedures. The ratio of revisions performed compared to revisions generated was 1.21 for the highest-volume centers and 0.86 for the lowest-volume centers
    • Katz JN, Wright EA, Wright J, et al. Choice of hospital for revision total hip replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92:2829-34. A total of 4,448 revision procedures after total hip replacement were performed in hospitals with annually volume stratums of ≤50, 51 to 100, and >100 surgical procedures. The ratio of revisions performed compared to revisions generated was 1.21 for the highest-volume centers and 0.86 for the lowest-volume centers.
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    • Katz, J.N.1    Wright, E.A.2    Wright, J.3
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    • Impact of department volume on surgical site infections following arthroscopy, knee replacement or hip replacement
    • A total of 14,339 arthroscopies, 63,045 knee replacements and 43,180 hip replacements were performed in 206 surgical departments with annually volume stratums of ≤50, 51 to 100, and >100 surgical procedures. Multivariate analysis with linear regression showed that the risk of SSI in low volume departments was 7-times higher for arthroscopies and 2-time higher for knee replacement compared to medium volume departments. SSI risk after hip replacement was significantly lower in high volume centres
    • Meyer E, Weitzel-Kage D, Sohr D, Gastmeier P. Impact of department volume on surgical site infections following arthroscopy, knee replacement or hip replacement. BMJ Qual Saf. 2011;20:1069-74. A total of 14,339 arthroscopies, 63,045 knee replacements and 43,180 hip replacements were performed in 206 surgical departments with annually volume stratums of ≤50, 51 to 100, and >100 surgical procedures. Multivariate analysis with linear regression showed that the risk of SSI in low volume departments was 7-times higher for arthroscopies and 2-time higher for knee replacement compared to medium volume departments. SSI risk after hip replacement was significantly lower in high volume centres.
    • (2011) BMJ Qual Saf , vol.20 , pp. 1069-74
    • Meyer, E.1    Weitzel-Kage, D.2    Sohr, D.3    Gastmeier, P.4


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