Proton pump inhibitors: The good, the bad, and the unwanted

Southern Medical Journal

Volumn 105, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 613-618

  Chubineh, Saman ^a   Birk, John ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

Author keywords

clopidogrel; Clostrdium difficile; Helicobacter pylori; proton pump inhibitors; reflux

Indexed keywords

CLOPIDOGREL; CYSTEINE; CYTOCHROME P450 2C19; ESOMEPRAZOLE; HYDROGEN POTASSIUM ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; LANSOPRAZOLE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OMEPRAZOLE; PANTOPRAZOLE; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; RABEPRAZOLE;

BARRETT ESOPHAGUS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CONSTIPATION; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; COVALENT BOND; DIARRHEA; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG COST; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SAFETY; DUODENUM ULCER; DYSPEPSIA; ENZYME INHIBITION; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; HEADACHE; HELICOBACTER INFECTION; HUMAN; HYPERGASTRINEMIA; HYPOMAGNESEMIA; NAUSEA; NON EROSIVE REFLUX DISEASE; OSTEOPOROSIS; PEPTIC ULCER; PRESCRIPTION; REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STOMACH CARCINOID; STOMACH POLYP; STOMACH ULCER; UNITED STATES; ZOLLINGER ELLISON SYNDROME;

BARRETT ESOPHAGUS; ESOPHAGITIS, PEPTIC; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; HUMANS; INAPPROPRIATE PRESCRIBING; PEPTIC ULCER; PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS;

EID: 84869420958     PISSN: 00384348     EISSN: 15418243     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/SMJ.0b013e31826efbea     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Follow the pill: Understanding the U.S. commercial pharmaceutical supply chain. http://www.kff.org/rxdrugs/upload/ follow-the-pill-understanding-the-u-s-commercialpharmaceutical-supply-chain- report.pdf. Published March 2005. Accessed August 10, 2012.
2. Massoomi F, Savage J, Destache CJ. Omeprazole: a comprehensive review. Pharmacotherapy 1993;13:46-59.
3. Lew EA. Pharmacokinetic concerns in the selection of anti-ulcer therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13(5 suppl):11-16.
4. Norman A, Hawkey CJ. What you need to know when you prescribe a proton pump inhibitor. Frontline Gastroenterol 2011;2:199-205.
5. Robinson M, Horn J. Clinical pharmacology of proton pump inhibitors: what the practising physician needs to know. Drugs 2003;63:2739-2754.
6. Horn J. Understanding the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic differences between proton pump inhibitorsVfocus on pKa and metabolism. Aliment Pharmacol Therapeut Symp 2006;2:340-350.
7. Boparai V, Rajagopalan J, Triadafilopoulos G. Guide to the use of proton pump inhibitors in adult patients. Drugs 2008;68:925-947.
8. Kirchheiner J, Glatt S, Fuhr U, et al. Relative potency of proton-pump inhibitorsVcomparison of effects on intragastric pH. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009;65:19-31.
9. Holt S, Howden CW. Omeprazole. Overview and opinion. Dig Dis Sci 1991;36:385-393.
10. Leontiadis GI, Sharma VK, Howden CW. Proton pump inhibitor therapy for peptic ulcer bleeding: Cochrane collaboration meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Mayo Clin Proc 2007;82:286-296.
11. Ramakrishnan K, Salinas RC. Peptic ulcer disease. Am Fam Phys 2007;76: 1005-1012.
12. Cheatum D, Arvanitakis C, Gumpel M, et al. An endoscopic study of gastroduodenal lesions induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Ther 1999;21:992-1003.
13. Lanza FL, Chan FK, Quigley EM. Practice parameters committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer complications. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104: 728-738.
14. Yeomans ND, Tulassay Z, Juhasz L, et al. A comparison of omeprazole with ranitidine for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Acid Suppression Trial: Ranitidine versus Omeprazole for NSAID-associated Ulcer Treatment (ASTRONAUT) Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998;338:719-726.
15. Hawkey CJ, Krrasch AJ, Szczepanski L, et al. Omeprazole compared with misoprostol for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Omeprazole vs. Misoprostol for NSAID-Induced Ulcer Management (OMNIUM) Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998;338:727-734.
16. Chan FK, Wong VW, Suen BY, et al. Combination of a cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor and a proton-pump inhibitor for prevention of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients at very high risk: a double-blind, randomised trial. Lancet 2007;369:1621-1626.
17. Gisbert JP, Khorrami S, Carballo F, et al. H. pylori eradication therapy vs. antisecretory non-eradication therapy (with or without long-term maintenance antisecretory therapy) for the prevention of recurrent bleeding from peptic ulcer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;2: CD004062.
18. Ford AC, Delaney BC, Forman D, et al. Eradication therapy for peptic ulcer disease in Helicobacter pylori positive patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;2:CD003840.
19. Katz PO, Ginsberg GG, Hoyle PE, et al. Relationship between intragastric acid control and healing status in the treatment of moderate to severe erosive esophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;25:617-628.
20. Armstrong D. Gastric pHVthe most relevant predictor of benefit in reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:19-26.
21. Triadafilopoulos G. Proton pump inhibitors for Barrett's oesophagus. Gut 2000;46:144-146.
22. Peters FT, Ganesh S, Kuipers EJ, et al. Endoscopic regression of Barrett's oesophagus during omeprazole treatment; a randomized double blind study. Gut 1999;45:489-494.
23. Horwhat JD, Baroni D, Maydonovitch C, et al. Normalization of intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: incidence and clinical data. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:497-508.
24. Charlot M, Ahlehoff O, Norgaard ML, et al. Proton pump inhibitors are associated with increased cardiovascular risk independent of clopidogrel use. Ann Intern Med 2010;153:378-386.
25. van Boxel OS, van Oijen MG, Hagenaars MP, et al. Cardiovascular and gastrointestinal outcomes in clopidogrel users on proton pump inhibitors: results of a large Dutch cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105: 2430-2437.
26. Angiolillo DJ,GibsonCM, Cheng S, et al. Differential effects of omeprazole and pantoprazole on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel in healthy subjects: randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover comparison studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011;89:69-74.
27. Gremmel T, Steiner S, Seidinger D, et al. The influence of proton pump inhibitors on the antiplatelet potency of clopidogrel evaluated by five different platelet function tests. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010;56: 532-539.
28. Bianchi LK, Burke CA, Bennett AE, et al. Fundic gland polyp dysplasia is common in familial adenomatous polyposis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6:180-185.
29. Modlin IM, Lye KD, Kidd M. A 50-year analysis of 562 gastric carcinoids: small tumor or larger problem? Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:23-32.
30. Hodgson N, Koniaris LG, Livingstone AS, et al. Gastric carcinoids: a temporal increase with proton pump inhibitor introduction. Surg Endosc 2005;19:1610-1612.
31. Sandvik AK, Brenna E,Waldum HL, et al. The pharmacological inhibition of gastric acid secretionVtolerance and rebound. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1997;11:1013-1018.
32. Waldum HL, Qvigstad G, Fossmark R, et al. Rebound hypersecretion of acid from a physiological, pathophysiological and clinical point of view. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010;45:389-394.
33. Dial MS. Proton pump inhibitor use and enteric infections. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104(2 suppl):S10-S16.
34. Sarkar M, Hennessy S, Yang YX. Proton-pump inhibitor use and the risk for community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 2008;149:391-398.
35. Sultan N, Nazareno J, Gregor J. Association between proton pump inhibitors and respiratory infections: a systematic review and metaanalysis of clinical trials. Can J Gastroenterol 2008;22:761-766.
36. Gray SL, LaCroix AZ, Larso J, et al. Proton pump inhibitor use, hip fracture, and change in bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:765-771.
37. Targownik LE, Lix LM, Metge CJ, et al. Use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of osteoporotic fractures. CMAJ 2008;179:319-326.
38. Recker RR. Calcium absorption and achlorhydria. N Engl J Med 1985;313:70-73.
39. O'Connell MB, Madden DM, Murray AM, et al. Effects of proton pump inhibitors on calcium carbonate absorption in women: a randomized crossover trial. Am J Med 2005;118:778-781.
40. Gray SL, LaCroix AZ, Larson J, et al. Proton pump inhibitor use, hip fracture, and change in bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:765-771.
41. Yu EW, Blackwell T, Ensrud KE, et al. Acid-suppressive medications and risk of bone loss and fracture in older adults. Calcif Tissue Int 2008;83:251-259.
42. Targownik LE, Lix LM, Leung S, et al. Proton-pump inhibitor use is not associated with osteoporosis or accelerated bone mineral density loss. Gastroenterology 2010;138:896-904.
43. Food and Drug Administration. Drug safety communication: low magnesium levels can be associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitor drugs (PPIs). www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/ucm245011.htm. Published March 2, 2011. Accessed March 8, 2012.
44. Cundy T, Mackay J. Proton pump inhibitors and severe hypomagnesaemia. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2011;27:180-185.
45. Falk GW, Fennerty MB, Rothstein RI. AGA Institute technical review on the use of endoscopic therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 2006;131:1315-1336.
46. Gaddam S, Wani S, Ahmed H, et al. The impact of pre-endoscopy proton pump inhibitor use on the classification of non-erosive reflux disease and erosive oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;32:1266-1274.
47. Dean BB, Gano AD Jr, Knight K, et al. Effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in nonerosive reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2: 656-664.
48. Lee ES, Kim N, Lee SH, et al. Comparison of risk factors and clinical responses to proton pump inhibitors in patients with erosive oesophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;30:154-164.
49. Hiyama T, Matsuo K, Urabe Y, et al. Meta-analysis used to identify factors associated with effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors against nonerosive reflux disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24:1326-1332.
50. Talley NJ, Axon A, Bytzer P, et al. Management of uninvestigated and functional dyspepsia: a working party report for the World Congresses of Gastroenterology, 1998. Ailment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:1135-1148.
51. Moayyedi P, Delaney BC, Vakil N, et al. The efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in nonulcer dyspepsia: a systematic review and economic analysis. Gastroenterology 2004;127:1329-1337.
52. Allescher HD, Bockenhoff A, Knapp G, et al. Treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled prospective studies. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001;36:934-941.
53. Khan M, Santana J, Donnellan C, et al. Medical treatments in the short term management of reflux oesophagitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;2:CD003244.
54. Hatlebakk J, Katz P, Kuo B, et al. Nocturnal gastric acidity and acid breakthrough on different regimens of omeprazole 40 mg daily. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12:1235-1240.
55. Forgacs, I. Overprescribing proton pump inhibitors. BMJ 2008;336:2-3.
56. Heidelbaugh JJ, Goldberg KL, Inadomi JM. Magnitude and economic effect of overuse of antisecretory therapy in the ambulatory care setting. Am J Manag Care 2010;16:e228-e234.
57. Gerson LB, Robbins AS, Garber A, et al. A cost-effectiveness analysis of prescribing strategies in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:395-407.
58. Jensen RT, Gardner JD. Gastrinoma. In: Go VLW, DiMagno EP, Gardner JD, et al (eds): The Pancreas: Biology, Pathobiology and Disease. New York: Raven Press; 1993, 931-978.
59. Corleto VD, Annibale B, Gibril F, et al. Does the widespread use of proton pump inhibitors mask, complicate and/or delay the diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15: 1555-1561.
60. Ellison EC, Sparks J. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in the era of effective acid suppression: are we unknowingly growing tumors? Am J Surg 2003;186: 245-248.