Medical treatments in the short term management of reflux oesophagitis

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn , Issue 2, 2007, Pages

  Khan, Mostafizur ^b   Santana, Jose ^b   Donnellan, Clare ^b   Preston, Cathryn ^b   Moayyedi, Paul ^a  

^a MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Anti ulcer agents therapeutic use ; Esophagitis, peptic *drug therapy ; Gastroesophageal reflux *drug therapy ; Histamine H2 antagonists therapeutic use ; Proton pumps antagonists inhibitors ; Randomized controlled trials as topic

Indexed keywords

ALGICON; ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE; ALUMINUM MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE; ANTACID AGENT; ANTIULCER AGENT; BISMUTH; CALCIUM CARBONATE; CARBENOXOLONE; CIMETIDINE; CISAPRIDE; DOMPERIDONE; ESOMEPRAZOLE; FAMOTIDINE; GAVISCON; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HYDROTALCITE; LANSOPRAZOLE; MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE; MAGNESIUM SILICATE; METOCLOPRAMIDE; MISOPROSTOL; NIZATIDINE; OMEPRAZOLE; PANTOPRAZOLE; PLACEBO; PROKINETIC AGENT; PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR; RABEPRAZOLE; SUCRALFATE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; DATA EXTRACTION; DIARRHEA; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFICACY; GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY; HEADACHE; HEARTBURN; HUMAN; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS; REVIEW; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

EID: 38349123254     PISSN: 1469493X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003244.pub2     Document Type: Review

References (169)

1. Adachi 2003 {published data only} Adachi K, Hashimoto T, Hamamoto M, Hirakawa K, Niigaki M, Miyake T, et al.Symptom relief in patients with reflux esophagitis: Comparative study of omeprazole, lansoprazole, and rabeprazole. Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2003;18:1392-98.
2. Anand 1986 {published data only} Anand BS, Balakrishnan V, Desai D, Habibullah CM, Joshi VG, Kalro RH, et al.Controlled comparison of ranitidine and cimetidine in patients of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and reflux oesophagitis: A multicentre study. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology 1986;5(Suppl): 29-33.
3. Archambault 1985 {published data only} Archambault AP, Farley A, Cleator IG, Hershfield NB, Navert H, Prokipchuk EJ, Thomson AB. Cimetidine therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disese. Western Journal of Medicine 1985;143:616-21.
4. Armbrecht 1997 {published data only} Armbrecht U, Abucar A, Hameeteman W, Schneider A, Stockbrugger RW. Treatment of reflux oesophagitis of moderate and severe grade with ranitidine or pantoprazole -comparison of 24 hour intragastric & oesophageal pH. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1997; 11:959-65.
5. Armstrong 2001 {published data only} Armstrong D, Pare P, Pericak D, Pyzyk M, Canadian Pantoprazole GERD Study Group. Symptom relief in gastroesophageal reflux disease: a randomized, controlled comparison of pantoprazole and nizatidine in a mixed patient population with erosive esophagitis or endoscopy-negative reflux disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2001;96:2849-57.
6. Arvanitakis 1993 {published data only} Aravanitakis C, Nikopoulos A, Theoharidis A, Giannoulis E, Vagios I, Anthopoulou H, et al.Cisapride and ranitidine in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease - a comparative randomized double-blind trial. Alimentary Pharmacology& Therapeutics 1993;7:635-41.
7. Baldi 1988 {published data only} Baldi F, Bianchi Porro G, Dobrilla G, Iascone C, Lobello R, Marzio L, et al.Cisapride versus placebo in reflux esophagitis. A multicenter double-blind trial. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 1988;10(6): 614-8.
8. Baldi 1993 {published data only} Baldi F, Longanesi A, Ferrarini F, Morselli-Labate AM, Voi M, Camarri F. Nizatidine in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis: An Italian multicentre study. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 1993;5(6):475-8.
9. Bardhan 1995 {published data only} Bardhan KD, Hawkey CJ, Long RG, Morgan AG, Wormsley KG, Moules IK, et al.Lansoprazole versus ranitidine for the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. UK Lansoprazole Clinical Research Group. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1995;9:145-51.
10. Bardhan 2001 {published data only} Bardhan KD, Van Rensburg C. Comparable clinical efficacy and tolerability of 20 mg pantoprazole and 20 mg omeprazole in patients with grade 1 reflux esophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2001;15:1585-91.
11. Bate 1997 {published data only} Bate CM, Green JR, Axon AT, Murray FE, Tildesley G, Emmas CE, Taylor MD. Omeprazole is more effective than cimetidine for the relief of all grades of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease-associated heartburn, irrespective of the presence or absence of endoscopic oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1997;11:755-63.
12. Beretta 1991 {published data only} *Beretta L, Bortoli A, Bartolo GD, Dinelli M, Lomazzi A,Minoli G, et al.Nizatidine (450 mg/day) versus ranitidine (450 mg/day) in the treatment of erosive esophagitis: A multicenter clinical trial. Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical & Experimental 1991;49(6):968-73.
13. Blum 1986 {published data only} Blum AL, Riecken EO, Dammann HG, Schiessel R, Lux G, Wienbeck M, et al.Comparison of omeprazole and ranitidine in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. The New England Journal of Medicine 1986;314(11):716.
14. Bovero 1987 {published data only} Bovero E, Cheli R, Barbara L, Baldi F, Boero A, Mura GC, et al.Short-term treatment of reflux oesophagitis with ranitidine 300 mg nocte. Italian multicentre study. Hepatogastroenterology 1987;34:155-9.
15. Breen 1983 {published data only} *Breen KJ, Desmond PV, Whelan G. Treatment of reflux oesophagitis. A randomized, controlled evaluation of cimetidine. Medical Journal of Australia 1983;2:555-6.
16. Bremmer 1991 {published data only} Bremmer CG, Marks IN, Segul I, Simjee A. Reflux esophagitis therapy: sucralfate versus ranitidine in a double blind multicenter trial. The American Journal of Medicine 1991;91(2A):119S-122S.
17. Brown 1979 {published data only} Brown P. Cimetidine in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis.Medical Journal of Australia 1979;2:96-7.
18. Carling 1988 {published data only} Carling L, Cronstedt J, Engqvist A, Kagevi I, Nystrom B, Svedberg LE, et al.Sucralfate versus placebo in reflux esophagitis. A double-blind multicenter study. Scandanavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1988;23:1117-24.
19. Castell 2002 {published data only} *Castell DO, Kahrilas PJ, Richter JE, Vakil NB, Johnson DA, Zuckerman S, et al.Esomeprazole (40 mg) compared with lansoprazole (30 mg) in the treatment of erosive esophagitis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2002;97(3):575-83.
20. Chopra 1992 {published data only} Chopra BK, Kazal HL, Mittal PK, Sibia SS. A comparison of the clinical efficacy of ranitidine and sucralfate in reflux esophagitis. Journal of Association of Physicians of India 1992;40(7):438-41.
21. Cloud 1998 {published data only} Cloud ML, Enas N, Humphries TJ, Bassion S. Rabeprazole in treatment of acid peptic diseases: results of three placebo-controlled dose-response clinical trials in duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The Rabeprazole Study Group. Digestive Diseases & Sciences 1998;43(5):993-1000.
22. Cordova 1996 {published data only} Cordova-Villalobos JA, Ramirez-Barba EJ, Ramirez-Covarrubias JC. [Reflux esophagitis: a comparative study of lansoprazole and omeprazole as short-term therapy. Preliminary report]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 1996;61(4):306-9.
23. Corinaldesi 1995 {published data only} Corinaldesi R, Valentini M, Belaiche J, Colin R, Geldof H, Maier C. Pantoprazole and omeprazole in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis: a European multicentre study. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1995;9:667-71.
24. Dakkak 1994 {published data only} Dakkak M, Jones BP, Scott MG, Tooley PJ, Bennett JR. Comparing the efficacy of cisapride and ranitidine in oesophagitis: a double-blind, parallel group study in general practice. British Journal of Clinical Practice 1994;48:10-5.
25. Dammann 1986 {published data only} *Dammann HG, Blum AL, Lux G, Rehner M, Riecken EO, Schiessel R, et al.[Different healing tendencies of reflux esophagitis following omeprazole and ranitidine. Results of a German-Austrian-Swiss multicenter study]. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1986;111 (4):123-8.
26. Dehn 1990 {published data only} Dehn TC, Shepherd HA, Colin-Jones D, Kettlewell MG, Carroll NJ. Double blind comparison of omeprazole (40mg od) versus cimetidine (400 mg qd) in the treatment of symptomatic erosive reflux oesophagitis, assessed endoscopically, histologically and by 24 h pH monitoring. GUT 1990;31:509-13.
27. Dekkers 1999 {published data only} Dekkers CP, Beker JA, Thjodleifsson B, Gabryelewicz A, Bell NE, Humphries TJ. Double-blind comparison [correction of Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison] of rabeprazole 20 mg vs. omeprazole 20 mg in the treatment of erosive or ulcerative gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The European Rabeprazole Study Group. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1999;13:49-57.
28. Delchier 2000 {published data only} Delchier JC, Cohen G, Humphries TJ. Rabeprazole, 20 mg once daily or 10 mg twice daily, is equivalent to omeprazole, 20 mg once daily, in the healing of erosive gastrooesophageal reflux disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 2000;35(12):1245-50.
29. Dettmer 1998 {published data only} Dettmer A, Vogt R, Sielaff F, Luhmann R, Schneider A, Fischer R. Pantoprazole 20 mg is effective for relief of symptoms and healing of lesions in mild reflux oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1998;12:865-72.
30. Di Mario 1994 {published data only} *Di Mario F, Battaglia G, Ferrana M, Benvenuti ME, Grassi SA, Dal Bo N, et al.Sucralfate gel vs ranitidine in the treatment of Gastroeophageal reflux disease. Current Therapeutic Research 1994;55(3):303-9.
31. Dobrilla 1992 {published data only} Dobrilla G, Chilovi F, Tafner G, Vantini I, Bernardi A, Gentilini R, et al.Treatment of erosive reflux oesophagitis: a double-blind multicentre trial with nizatidine 300 mg b.i.d. versus placebo. Italian Journal of Gastroenterology 1992;24:338- 41.
32. Dupas 1998 {published data only} Dupas JL, Houcke Ph, Giret-d' Orsay, Samoyeau R, Nord Amiens C. First comparison pantoprazole versus lansoprazole in hospital and private practice patients with reflux oesophagitis. Gastrenterology 1998;114(4):G0454.
33. Duvnjak 2002 {published data only} Duvnjak M, Virovic L, Supanc V. Efficacy of Pantoprazole compared with ranitidine in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: An open labelled randomized parallel and longitudinal comparative trial. Pharmaca 2002;40:199-206.
34. Earnest 1998 {published data only} *Earnest DL, Dorsch E, Jones J, Jennings DE, Greski-Rose PA. A placebo-controlled dose-ranging study of lansoprazole in the management of reflux esophagitis. The American Journal of Gastroenterol-ogy 1998;93(2):238-43.
35. Elsborg 1991 {published data only} Elsborg L, Jorgensen F. Sucralfate vs cimetidine in reflux oesophagitis. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1991;26:146-50.
36. Evreux 1987 {published data only} Evrux M. Sucralfate vs Alginate/Antacid in the treatment of peptic oesophagitis. American Journal of Medicine 1987;83(s 3B ):48-50.
37. Farley 2000 {published data only} *Farley A, Wruble LD, Humphries TJ. Rabeprazole versus ranitidine for the treatment of erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease: a double blind, randomized clinical trial. The American Journal of Gastroenaterology 2000;95(8):1894-5.
38. Farup 1990 {published data only} Farup PG, Weberg R, Berstad A, Wetterhus, Dahlberg O, Dyabdhal J, et al.Low dose antacids versus 400 mg Cimetidine twice daily for reflux oesophgitis. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1990;25 (2):315-20.
39. Feldman 1993 {published data only} *Feldman M, Harford WV, Fisher RS, Sampliner RE, Murray SB, Gresky Rose PA, et al.Treatmeant of reflux esophagitis resistant to H2-receptor antagonists with lansoprazole, a new H+/ K(+) ATPase inhibitor: a controlled double blind study. American Journal of Gastroenterology 1993;88(8):1212-7.
40. Festen 1980 {published data only} Festen HPM, Driessen WMM, Lamers CBH, Van Tongeren JHM. Cimetidine in the treatment of severe ulcerative reflux oesophagitis; results of an 8-week doubleblind study and of subsequent long term maintenance treatment. Netherland Journal of Medicine 1980;23:237-40.
41. Festen 1999 {published data only} Festen HPM, Schenk E, Tan G, Snel P, Nelis F, The Dutch reflux study group. Omeprazole vs high dose ranitidine in mild gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: Short and long term treatment. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 1999;94(4): 931-6.
42. Fielding 1984 {published data only} Fielding JF, Doyle GD. Comparison between ranitidine and cimetidine in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Irish Medical Journal 1984;77(11):356-57.
43. Galmiche 1988 {published data only} Galmiche JP, Brandstatter G, Evreux M, Hentsche lE, Kerstan E, Kratochvil P, et al.Combined therapy with cisapride and cimetidine in severe reflux esophagitis. GUT 1988;29:675-81.
44. Galmiche 1997 {published data only} Galmiche JP, Barthelemy P, Hamelin B. Treating the symptoms of Gastro- esophageal reflux disease: a double blind comparison of omeprazole and cisapride. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1997;11:765-73.
45. Geldof 1993 {published data only} *Geldof H, Hazelhoff B, Otten MH. Two diffenrent dose regimens of cisapride in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis: a double blind comparison with ranitidine. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1993;7:409-15.
46. Gillesen 2004 {published data only} Gillesen A, Beil W, Modlin IM, Gatz G, Hole U. 40 mg pantoprazole and 40 mg esomeprazole are equivalent in the healing of esophageal reflux related symptoms. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology/Gut 1999(Gut);44:S1-S16.
47. Goy 1983 {published data only} Goy JA, Maynard JH, McNaughton WM, O' Shen A. Ranitidine and placebo in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Medical Journal of Australia 1983;2:558-61.
48. Green 1995 {published data only} Green JRB, Tildesley G, Theodossi A, Bate CM, Bradby GVH, Axon ATR, et al.Omeprazole 20 mg to 40 mg once daily is more effective than ranitidine 300 mg to 600 mg daily in providing complete symptom relief and endoscopic healing in patients with reflux oesophagitis. British Journal of Clinical Research 1995;6:63-76.
49. Guslandi 1983 {published data only} Guslandi M, Testoni PA, Passeretti S, Masci S, Ballarin E, Comin U, et al.Ranitidine vs Metoclopramide in the medical treatment of reflux esophaagitis. Hepato-gastroenterology 1983;30:96-7.
50. Halvorsen 1989 {published data only} Halvorsen L, Lee FI, Wesdorp ICE, Johnson NJ, Mills JG, Wood JR. Acute treatment of reflux oesophagitis: a multi center study to compare 150 mg ranitidine twice daily with 300 mg ranitidine at bedtime. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1989;3:171-81.
51. Hameeteman 1987 {published data only} Hameeteman W, vd Boomgaard DM, Dekker W, Schrijver M, Wesdorp IC, Tytgat GN. Sucralfate Versus Cimetidine in reflux esophagitis. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 1987;9(4):390-4.
52. Hatlebakk 1993 {published data only} Hatlebakk JG, Berstand A, Carling L, Svedverg LE, Unge P, Ekstrom P, et al.Lansoprazole vs omeprazole in short-term teatment of reflux oesophagitis. Scandanavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1993;28:224-8.
53. Hatlebakk 1999 {published data only} *Hatlebakk JG, Hyggen A, Madsen PH, Walle PO, Schulz T, Mowinckel P, et al.Heartburn treatment in primary care: randomised double blind study for 8 weeks. British Medical Journal 1999;319:550-3.
54. Havelund 1988 {published data only} *Havelund T, Laursen LS, Kristensen ES, Andersen BN, Pedersen SA, Jensen KB, et al.Omeprazole and ranitidine in treatment of reflux oesophagitis; a double blind comparative trial. British Medical Journal 1988;296:89-92.
55. Herrera 1990 {published data only} Herrera JL, Shay SS, Mccabe M, Peura DA, Johnson LF. Sucralfate used as adjunctive therapy in patients with severe peptic esophagitis resulting from gastroeosphageal reflux. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 1990;85(10):1335-8.
56. Hetzel 1988 {published data only} Hetzel DJ, Dent J, Reed W, Firoze M, Vaka N, Mackinnon M, et al.Healing & relapse of severe peptic esophagitis after teatment with omeprazole. Gastroenterology 1988;95:903-12.
57. Hine 1984 {published data only} Hine KR, Holmes GKT, Melikian V, Lucey M, Fairclough PD. Ranitidine in reflux oesophagitis. Digestion 1984;29:119-23.
58. Holtmann 2002 {published data only} Holtmann G, Bytzer P, Metz M, Loeffler V, Blums L. A randomized, double blind, comparative study of standard dose rabeprazole and high dose omeprazole in gastro- esophageal reflux disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2002;16:479- 85.
59. Howden 2002 {published data only} Howden CW, Ballard ED, Robieson W. Evidence for therapeutic equivalence of lansoprazole 30 mg and esomeprazole 40 mg in the treatment of erosive oesophagitis. Clinical Drug Investigation 2002;22(2):99-109.
60. Italian GORD 1991 {published data only} Italian Reflux Oesophagitis Study Group. Omeprazole produces significantly greater healing of erosive or ulcerative reflux oesophagitis than ranitidine. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 1991;3:511-7.
61. Janisch 1988 {published data only} *Janisch HD, Hutteman W, Bouzo MH. Cisapride vesus ranitidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. Hepato-gastroenterology 1988;35:125-7.
62. Jansen 1999 {published data only} Jansen JB, Van oene JC. Standard dose lansoprazole is more effective than high dose ranitidine in achieving endoscopic healing and symptom relief in patients with moedrately severe reflux oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1999;13:1611-20.
63. Johansson 1986 {published data only} *Johansson KE, Boeryd B, Johansson K, Tibbling L. Double-blind crossover study of ranitidine & placebo in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1986;21:769-78.
64. Johnson 1989 {published data only} Johnson NJ, Boyd EJ, Mills JG, Wood JR. Acute treatment of reflux esophagitis: a multicenter trial to compare 150 mg ranitidine b.d. with 300 mg ranitidine q.d.s. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1989;3:259-66.
65. Kahrilas 2000 {published data only} *Kahrilas PJ, Falk GW, Johnson DA, Schimitt C,Collins DW, Whipple H, et al.Esomiprazole improves healing and symptom resolution as compared with omeprazole in reflux oesophagitis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2000;14:1249-58.
66. Kar 1990 {published data only} Kar P, Gurtoo A, Jain SK, Narula M, Jain A. Ranitidine vs placebo: A double blind trial in the management of reflux oesophagitis. Current Therapeutic Research 1990;47(4): 731-3.
67. Kaspari 2000 {published data only} Kaspari S, Biedermann A, Mey J. Comparison of pantoprazole 20 mg to ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. in the treatment of mild gastroesophageal reflux disease. Digestion 2000;63:163-70.
68. Kawano 2002 {published data only} *Kawano S, Murata H, Tsuji S, Kubo M, Tatsuta M, IIshi H, et al.Randomized comparative study of omeprazole and famotidine in reflux esophagitis. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2002;17(9):955-9.
69. Kim 2004 {published data only} Kim JW, Kim HS, Lee DK, Suk KT, Kim JM, Baik SK, et al.Therapeutic Effect of Low-dose Omeprazole vs. Standard-Dose Ranitidne in Mild to Moderate Reflux Esophagitis. Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2004;43:153-59.
70. Kimmig 1984 {published data only} Kimmig JM. Cimetedine and ranitidine in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Gastroenterologie 1984;22:373-8.
71. Klinkenburg 1987 {published data only} Klinkenburg Knol EC, Jansen JM, Festen HP, Meuwissen SG, Lamers CB. Double-blind multicenter comparison of emeprazole and ranitidine in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. The Lancet 1987;i(Feb 14):349-51.
72. Koop 1995 {published data only} Hebert K, Schepp W, Dammann HG, Schneider A, Luhmann R, Classen M. Comparative trial of pantoprazole and ranitidine in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 1995;20:192-95.
73. Korner 2003 {published data only} Korner T, Schutze K, Van Leendert RJM, Fumagalli I, Neves VC, Bohuskchke M, et al.Comparable efficacy of pantoprazole and omeprazole in patients with moderate to severe reflux esophagitis. Digestion 2003;67:6-13.
74. Kovacs 2002 {published data only} Kovacs TOG, Wilcox CM, Devault K, Miska D, Bochenek W, The pantoprazole US study group. Comparison of the efficacy of pantoprazole vs nizatidine in the treatment of erosive oesophagitis: a randomized, active-controlled, double-blind study. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2002;16:2043-52.
75. Labenz 2005 {published data only} Labenz J, Armstrong D, Lauritsen K, Katelaris P, Schmidt S, Schutze K, et al.A randomized comparative study of esomeprazole 40 mg versus pantoprazole 40 mg for healing erosive oesophagitis: The EXPO study. Alimetary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2005;21:739-46.
76. Laitinen 1985 {published data only} Laitinen S, Stahlberg M, Kairaluoma MI, Kivinaiemi H, Pakkonen M, Lahtinen J, et al.Sucralfate & Alginate/Antacid in reflux esophagitis. Journal of Gastroenterology 1985;20:229-32.
77. Lehtola 1986 {published data only} Lehtola J, Niemela S, Martikainen J, Krekala I. Ranitidine, 150mg three times a day, in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. A placebo-controlled, double blind study. Scandanavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1986;21(2):175-80.
78. Maleev 1999 {published data only} Maleev A, Mendizova A, Vlahov V, Dimitrov B, Mihova A, Crowe J, et al.Cisapride and cimetidine in the treatment of erosive esophagitis. Hepato-Gastroenterology 1990;37:403-7.
79. Marks 1994 {published data only} Marks DM, Richter JE, Rizzo J, Koehler RE, Spenney JG, Mills TP, et al.Omeprazole versus H2-receptor antagonists in treating patients with peptic stricture and esophagitis. Gastroenterology 1994;106:907-15.
80. Masci 1985 {published data only} Masci E,Testoni PA, Passaretti S,Gulsandi M, Tittobello A.Comparison of ranitidine maleate and ranitidine and domperidone maleate in the short -term treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Drugs Experimental Clinical Research 1985;11(10): 687-92.
81. McCarty-Dawson 1996 {published data only} McCarty-Dawson D, Sue SO, Morrill B, Murdock RH. Ranitidine versus Cimetidine in the healing of Erosive Esophagitis. Clinical Therapeutics 1996;18(6):1150-60.
82. McKenna 1995 {published data only} McKenna CJ, Mills JG, Goodwin, Wood JR. Combination of ranitidine and cisapride in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 1995;7:817-22.
83. Mee 1996 {published data only} Mee AS, Rowley JL, The Lansoprazole Clinical Research Group. Rapid symptom relief in reflux oesophagitis: a comparison of lansoprazole & omeprazole. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1996;10:757-63.
84. Mekel 1988 {published data only} Mekel RCPM, The International Study Group. An international multicenter collaborative trial comparing cimetidine 800 mg twice daily and 400mg four times daily in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Current Therapeutic Research 1988;44(4):646-56.
85. Menchen 2000 {published data only} Menchen P, Malagelada JR, Armengol JR, Martin L, Perez A, Munoz-Navus M, et al.Clinical efficacy and safety of pantoprazole versus ranitidine with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: Spanish multicenter study. Gastroenterology 2000;118(4):A 1274.
86. Meneghelli 2002 {published data only} Meneghelli UG, Boaventura S, Moraes-Filho JPP, Leitao O, Ferrari Jr AP, Almeida R, et al.Efficacy and tolerability of pantoprazole versus ranitidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis and the influence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Diseases of the Esophagus 2002;15:50-6.
87. Moretzsohn 2002 {published data only} *Moretzsohn LD, Brito EM, Reis MSF, Coelho LGV, Castro LP. Assessment of effectiveness of different dosage regimens of pantoprazole in controlling symptoms and healing esophageal lesions of patients with mild erosive esophagitis. Arquivos de gastroenterol 2002;39(2):123-4.
88. Mossner 1995 {published data only} Mossner J, Holscher AH, Herz R, Schneider A. A double-blind study of pantoprazole and omeprazole in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis: a multicentre trial. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1995;9:321-6.
89. Mulder 1996 {published data only} Mulder CJ, Dekker W, Gerretsen M. Lansoprazole 30 mg vs omeprazole 40 mg in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis grade 2-4a. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 1996;8:1101-6.
90. Mulder 2002 {published data only} Mulder CJJ, Westerveld BD, Smit JM, Outkerk Pool M, Otten MH, Tan TG, et al.A double blind, randomized comparison of omeprazole MUPS 20mg, lansoprazole 30mg and pantoprazole 40mg in symptomatic reflux oesophagitis followed by 3 months of omeprazole MUPS maintenance treatment: A Dutch multicentre trial. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2002;14:649-56.
91. Pace 1990 {published data only} Pace F, Sangaletti O, Porro GB. Short and long term effect of two different dosages of ranitidine in the therapy of reflux oesophagitis. Italian Journal of Gastroenterology 1990;22:28-32.
92. Palmer 1990 {published data only} Palmer RH, Frank WO, Rockhold FW, Wetherington JD, Young MD. Cimetidine 800 mg twice daily for healing of erosion and ulcer in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 1990;12(Suppl 2):S29-S34.
93. Palmer 1993 {published data only} Palmer RH, Miller DM, Hedrich DA, Karlstadt RG. Cimetidine QID and BID in rapid heart burn relief and healing of lesions in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clinical Therapeutics 1993;15(6):994-1001.
94. Pare 2003 {published data only} *Pare P, Armstrong D, Pericak M, Pyzyk MS. Pantoprazole rapidly improves health related quality of life in patients with heartburn. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 2003;37(2):132-8.
95. Petite 1991 {published data only} Petite JP, Aucomte A, Barbare C, Boyer JD, Cougard A, Couturier D, et al.Lansoprazole versus ranitidine in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Multicentric study [Lansoprazole versus ranitidine dans le traitement de l' oesophagite peptique par reflux . Etude multicentrique]. Medecine et Chirurgie Digestives 1991;20(8):462-8.
96. Petite 1995 {published data only} *Petite JP et groupe multicentrique. A comparison of the efficacy of lansoprazole and omeprazole in the treatment of oesophagitis [Efficacite comparee du lansoprazole et de l' omeprazole dans le traitemant de l' oesophagite peptique]. Medecine et Chirurgie Digestives 1995;24:291-4.
97. Porro 1992 {published data only} Porro BG, Pace F, Sangalleti O, Santalucia F, Zhu H. Double-blind clinical study of an alginate compound vs. ranitidine in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Advances in Therapy 1992;9(3):166-73.
98. Quik 1990 {published data only} *Quik RFP, Cooper MJ, Gleeson M, Hentschel E, Schuetze K, Kingston RD. A comparison of two doses of nizatidine versus placebo in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1990;4:201-11.
99. Richter 1995 {published data only} Richter JE, Long JF. Cisapride for gastroesophageal reflux disease: a placebo controlled double blind study. The American Journal of Gasatroenterology 1995;3:423-30.
100. Richter 2000 {published data only} Richter JE, Bochenek W, Pantoprazole US GERD Study Group. Oral pantoprazole for erosive esophagitis: A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2000;95(11):3071-9.
101. Richter 2001 {published data only} Richter JE, Kahrilas M, Johanson J, Maton P, Brieter JR, Hwang C, et al.Efficacy and safety of esomiprazole compared with omeprazole in GERD patients with erosive esophagitis. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2001;96:656-65.
102. Robertson 1993 {published data only} Robertson CS, Evans DF, Ledingham SJ, Atkinson M. Cisapride in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1993;7:181-90.
103. Robinson 1993 {published data only} Robinson M, Decktor DL, Maton PN, Sabesin S, Roufail W, Kogut D, et al.Omeprazole is superior to ranitidine plus metclopramide in the short term treatment of erosive oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1993;7:67-73.
104. Robinson 1995 {published data only} Robinson M, Sahba B, Avner D, Jhala N, Greski-Rose PA, Jennings DE. A comparison of lansoprazole and ranitidine in the treatment of erosive oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1995;9:25-31.
105. Ros 1991 {published data only} Ros E, Toledo-Pimentel V, Bordas JM, Grande L, Lacima G, Segu L. Healing of erosive esophagitis with sucralfate and cimetidine: influence of pretreatment lower esophageal sphincter pressure and serum pepsinogen I levels. The American Journal of Medicine 1991;91(2A):107S-113S.
106. Roufail 1992 {published data only} Roufail W, Belsito A, Robinson M, Barish C, Rubin A, Glaxo Erosive Esophagitis Study Group. Ranitidine for erosive oesophagitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1992;6:597-607.
107. Sabesin 1991 {published data only} Sabesin SM, Berlin RG, Humphries TJ, Bradstreet DC, Walton-Bowen KL, Zaidi S. Famotidine relieves symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease and heals erosions and ulcerations. Results of a multicenter, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. USA Merck Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Study Group. Archive of International Medicine 1991;151:2394-400.
108. Sandmark 1988 {published data only} Sandmark S, Carlson R, Fausa O, Lundell L. Omeprazole or ranitidine in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1988;23:625-32.
109. Schaub 1986 {published data only} Schaub N, Thomas JM, Misiewicz JJ, Lovell D, Trotman IF. Investigation of Ranitidine 150mg bd or 300mg bd in the Treatment of Reflux Disease. Hepato-gastroenterology 1986;33:208-13.
110. Scholten 2003 {published data only} *Scholten T, Gatz G, Hole U. Once daily pantoprazole 40mg and esomeprazole 40mg have equivalent overall efficacy in relieving GERD related symptoms. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2003;18:587-94.
111. Schutze 1997 {published data only} Schutze K, Bigard MA, Waes V, Hinojosa J, Bedogni G, Hentschel E. Comparison of two dosing regimen of cisapride in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Alimantary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1997;11:497-503.
112. Scotborgh 1989 {published data only} Schotborgh RH, Gameeteeman W, Dekker W, Boomgard, Olfeen GHV, Schrijver M, et al.Combination therapy of sucralfate and cimetidine, compared with sucralfate monotherapy , in patients with peptic reflux oesophagitis. The American Journal of Medicine 1989;86 (s6A):77-80.
113. Sherbaniuk 1984. {published data only} Shrebaniuk R, Bailey WR, Grace TM, Kirdeikis P, Jewell L, Pare P, et al.Ranitidine in the treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 1984;6:9-15.
114. Silver 1996 {published data only} Silver MT, Murdock RH, Morrill BB, Sur SO. Ranitidine 300mg twice daily and 150mg four times daily are effective in healing erosive oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1996;10:373-80.
115. Simon 1987 {published data only} Simon B, Mueller P. Comparison of the effect of sucralfate and ranitidine in reflux oesophagitis. The American Journal of Medicine 1987;83(Suppl 3B):43-5.
116. Simon 1993 {published data only} Simon TJ, Berlin RG, Tipping R, Gilde L. Efficacy of twice daily doses of 40mg or 20mg famotidine or 150mg ranitidine for treatment of patients with moderate to severe erosive oesophagitis. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1993;28:375-80.
117. Simon 1994 {published data only} Simon TJ, Berenso HM, Berlin RG, Snapinn S, Cagolla A. Randomized, placebo -controlled comparison of famotidine 20mg bd or 40mg bd, in patients with erosive eosophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1994;8:71-9.
118. Sontag 1987 {published data only} Sontag S, Robinson M, McCallum RW, Barwick KW, Nardi R. Ranitidine therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease - results of a large double-blind trial. Archive of Internal Medicine 1987;147(1485-1491):1758-65.
119. Sontag 1992 {published data only} Sontag SJ, Hirschowitz BI, Holt S, Robinson MG, Behar J, Berenson MM, et al.Two doses of omeprazole vs placebo in symptomatic erosive esophagitis: The US multicenter study. Gastroenterology 1992; 102:109-18.
120. Temple 1983 {published data only} Temple JG, Bradby GV,
121. Uleri 1993 {published data only} *Uleri S, Squassante L, Castelli G. Ranitidine in the treatment of mild to moderate oesophageal reflux: a multicenter trial. Current Therapeutic Research 1993;53(5):513-21.
122. Van Rensburg 1996 {published data only} Van Rensburg CJ, Honiball PJ, Grundling HD, Vanzyl JH, Spies SK, Eloff FP, et al.Efficacy and tolerability of pantoprazole 40mg vs 80mg in patients with reflux oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 1996;10:397-401.
123. Van Rensburg 2001 {published data only} Van Rensburg CJ, Bardhan KD. No clinical benefit of adding cisapride to pantoprazole for treatment of gastro esophageal reflux disease. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2001;13:909-14.
124. Van Zyl 2000 {published data only} Van Zyl JH, Grundling HK, Van Rensburg CJ, Retief FJ, O'Keefe SJD, Theron I, et al.Efficacy and tolerability of 20mg pantoprazole vs 300mg ranitidine in patients with mild reflux-oesophagitis: a randomized, double -blind, parallel, and multicentre study. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2000;12:197-202.
125. Vantrappen 1988 {published data only} Vantrappen G, Rutgeerts L, Schurmans P, Coenegrachts J-L. Omeprazole 40mg is superior to ranitidine in short -term treatment of ulcerative reflux esophagitis. Degestive Deseases & Sciences 1988;33 (5):523-9.
126. Vcev 1999 {published data only} *Vcev A, Stimac D, Vceva A, Takac B. Pantoprazole versus omeprazole in the treatment of reflux esophagitis. Acta Med Croatica 1999; 53(2):79-82.
127. Venables 1997 {published data only} Venables T L, Newland RD, Patel AC, Hole J, Wilcock C, Turbitt M L. Omeprazole 10mg once daily, omeprazole 20mg once daily, or ranitidine 150mg twice daily, evaluated as initial therapy of the relief of symptoms of gastro-oesophageal diseases in general practice. Scandanavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1997;32:965-973.
128. Vermeijden 1992 {published data only} Vermeijden JR, Tytgat GNJ, Schotborgh RH, Dekker W, Vanderboomgaard DM, Vanolffen GH, et al.Combination therapy of sucralfate and ranitidine, compared with sucralfate monotherapy, in patients with peptic reflux esophagitis. Scandanavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1992;27:81-4.
129. Vicari 1998 {published data only} Vicari F, Belin J, Marek L. Pantoprazole 40 mg versus omeprazole 20 mg in the treatment of reflux oesophagitis: Results of a French multicentric double-blind comparative trial. Gastroenterology 1998;114(4):A 324.
130. Wesdorp 1993 {published data only} Wesdrop ICE, Dekker W, Festen HMP. Efficacy of famotidine 20mg twice a day vs 40mg twice a day in the treatment of erosive or ulcerative reflux esophagitis. Digestive Diseases & Sciences 1993;38(12): 2287-93.
131. Wesdrop 1978 {published data only} Wesdrop E, Bartelsman J, Pape K, Dekker W, Tytgat N. Cimetidine in reflux oesophagitis: a double blind controlled trial. Gastroenterology 1978;74(5):821-3.
132. Willium 1987 {published data only} Willium RM, Orlando RC, Bozymski EM, Readling RD, Castel DO, Roufail WM, et al.Multicenter trial of sucralfate suspension for the treatment of reflux esophagitis. The American Journal of Medicine 1987;83:61-5.
133. Wong 2004 {published data only} *Wong WM, Lai KC, Hui WM, Lam KF, Huang JQ, Hu WHC, et al.Double-blind randomised controlled study to assess the effects of lansoprazole 30mg and lansoprazole 15mg on 24h oesophageal and intragastric pH in chinese subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2004;19:455-62.
134. Zeitoun 1987 {published data only} Zeitoun P, Desjars De Keranroue N, Isal JP. Omeprazole vs ranitidine in erosive oesophagitis. Lancet 1987;2(8559):621-2.
135. Adamek 2001 Adamek RJ, Behrendt J, Wenzel C. Relapse prevention in reflux oesophagitis with regard to Helicobacter pylori status: a double-blind, randomized, multicentre trial to compare the efficacy of pantoprazole versus ranitidine. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2001;13:811-7.
136. Bate 1994 Bate CM. Omeprazole versus ranitidine and cimetidine in reflux esophagitis. The British Perspective. Pharmaco-economics 1994;5 (Suppl 3):35-43.
137. Chey 2003 Chey W, Huang B, Jackson RL. Lansoprazole and Esomeprazole in Symptomatic GERD. Clinical Drug Administration 2003;23(2):69-84.
138. Finizia 2002 Finizia C, Lundell R, Cange L, Ruth M. The effect of cisapride on oesophageal motility and lower sphincter function in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux diseases. European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2002;14(1):9-14.
139. Frazzoni 2002 Frazzoni M, De Micheli E, Grisendi A, Savarino V. Lansoprazole vs omeprazole for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a pH-metric comparison. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2002;16:35-9.
140. Gardner 2003 Gardner JD, Gallo-Torres H, Sloan S, Robinson M, Miner PB. The basis for the decreased response to proton pump inhibitors in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients without erosive oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2003;18:891-905.
141. Grove 1985 Grove O, Bekker C, Jeppe-Hansen MG, Karstoft E, Sanchez G, Axelsson CK, et al.Ranitidine and high-dose antacid in reflux oesophagitis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial Ranitidine and high-dose antacid in reflux oesophagitis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Scandanavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1985;20:457-61.
142. Janczewska 1998 Janczewska I, Sagar M, Sjostedt S, Hammarlund B, Iwarzon M, Seensalu R. Comparison of the effect of lansoprazole and omeprazole on intragastric acidity and gastroesophageal reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Scandanavian Journal of Gastroenterology 1998;33:1239-43.
143. Johanson 2003 Johanson JF, Siddique R, Damiano AM, Jokubaitis L, Murthy A, Bhattacharjya A. Rabeprazole improves health-related quality of life in patients with erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease. Digestive Diseases and Science 2002;47(11):2574-8.
144. Johnsson 1998 Johnsson F, Hatlebakk JG, Klintenberg AC, Roman J. Symptom-relieving effect of esomeprazole 40 mg daily in patients with heartburn. Scandanavian Journal of Gastroenterology 2003;38:347-53.
145. Kaplan 2000 Kaplan-Machlis B, Spiegler GE, Zodet MW, Revicki DA. Effectiveness and costs of omeprazole vs ranitidine for treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease in primary care clinics in West Virginia. Archive of Family Medicine 2000;9:624-30.
146. Lind 2000 Lind T, Rydberg L, Kyleback A, Jonsson A, Andersson T, Hasselgren G, et al.Esomeprazole provides improved acid control vs. omeprazole In patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2000;14:861-7.
147. Lindberg 1994 Lindberg G. Omeprazole vs ranitidine in reflux esophagitis in Sweden. Pharmaco-economics 1994;5(Suppl 3):27-34.
148. Nelis 1985 Nelis GF. Ranitidine in themanagement of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Netherlands Journal of Medicine 1985;28(5):197-200.
149. Pilotto 2003 Pilotto A, Leandro G, Franceschi M, Ageing, Acid-Related Disease Study Group. Short- and long-term therapy for reflux oesophagitis in the elderly: a multi-centre, placebo-controlled study with pantoprazole. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2003;17:1399-1406.
150. Powell-Jackson 1978 Powell-Jackson P, Barkley H, Northfield T. Effect of cimetidine in symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux. The Lancet 1978;2(8099):1068-9.
151. Robinson 2002 Robinson M, Fitzgerald S, Hegedus R, Murthy A, Jokubaitis L, FAST Trial Investigators. Onset of symptomrelief with rabeprazole: a community-based, open-label assessment of patients with erosive oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2002;16:445-54.
152. Sloan 2003 Sloan S. Rabeprazole-based therapy in the management of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2003;98(Suppl 3):49-55.
153. Van Zyl 2004 van Zyl J, van Rensburg C, Vieweg W, Fischer R. Efficacy and safety of pantoprazole versus ranitidine in the treatment of patients with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease. Digestion 2004;70:61-9.
154. Carro 2001 Carro JJ, Salas M, Ward A. Healing and relapse rates in gastroesophageal reflux disease treated with the newer proton pump inhibitors lansoprazole, rabeprazole and pantoprazole compared with omeprazole and ranitidine and placebo: evidence from randomized controlled trials. Clinical Therapeutics 2001;23:998-1017.
155. Chiba 1997 Chiba N, De Gara CJ, Wilkinson JM, Hunt RH. Speed of healing and symptom relief in Grade 2 to 4 Gastroesophageal reflux disease: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 1997;112:1798-810.
156. DeVault 2005 Devault KR, Castell DO. Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2005;100:190-200.
157. Donnellan 2004 Donnellan C, Sharma N, Preston C, Moayyedi P. Medical treatments for the maintenance therapy of reflux oesophagitis and endoscopic negative reflux oesophagitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 4.
158. Earnest 1999 Earnest DL. Treatment advances in acid secretary disorders: the promise of rapid symptom relief with disease resolution [review]. American Review of Gastroenterology 1999;94:17-24.
159. Edwards 2001 Edwards SJ, Lind T, Lundell L. Systematic review of proton pump inhibitors for the acute treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Alimentary Pharamacology and Therapeutics 2001;15:1729-36.
160. Hatlebakk 1994 Hatleback JG, Berstad A. Prokinetics in reflux disease [review]. Tiddeskrift for den Norske Laegeforening 1994;114(6):689-92.
161. Jones 2001 Jones MP, Sloan SS, Rabine JC, Ebert CC, Huang CF, Kahrilas PJ. Hiatalhernia size is the dominant determinant of esophagitis presence and severity in gastroesophageal reflux disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 2001;96:1711-7.
162. Kahrilas 2003 Kahrilas PJ. GERD pathogenesis, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. Cleveland Clinical Journal of Medicine 2003;70 (Supplement 5):S4-S19.
163. Lagergren 1999 Lagergren J, Bergstrom R, Lindgren A, Nyren O. Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux as a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. New England Journal of Medicine 1999;340:825-31.
164. Lee 1998 Lee JM, O'Morain CA. Trends in management of gastroesophageal reflux disease [review]. Postgraduate Medical Journal 1998;74(869):145-50.
165. Revicki 1998 Revicki DA, Wood M, Maton PN, Sorensen S. The impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease on health-related Quality of Life. American Journal of Medicine 1998;104:252-8.
166. Scott 1999 Scott M, Gelhot AR. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, diagnosis and management. American Family Physician 1999;59(5): 1161-9.
167. Sonnenberg 1999 Sonnenberg A, El-Serag HB. Clinical epidemiology and natural history of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 1999;72(2-3):81-92.
168. Spechler 2003 Spechler SJ. Clinical manifestations and esophageal complications of GERD. American Journal of Medicine 2003;326:279- 84.
169. van Pinxteren 2000 Van Pinxteren B, Numans ME, Bonis PA, Lau J. Short-term treatment with PPIs, H2RAs and prokinetics for GORD-like symptoms and ENRD. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2000, Issue 3.