Absorption of triphenylmethane dyes Brilliant Blue and Patent Blue through intact skin, shaven skin and lingual mucosa from daily life products

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Volumn 52, Issue , 2013, Pages 19-27

  Lucová, Marianna ^a   Hojerová, Jarmila ^a   PaŽoureková, Silvia ^a   Klimová, Zuzana ^a  

^a SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Slovakia)

Author keywords

Brilliant Blue FCF; Dermal absorption; In vitro; Lingual mucosa; Patent Blue V; Triphenylmethane dye

Indexed keywords

BRILLIANT BLUE; COSMETIC; DISULFINE BLUE;

ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); EMULSION; EX VIVO STUDY; EXPERIMENTAL PIG; FREEZING; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; LICKING; NONHUMAN; SALIVA ANALYSIS; SKIN ABSORPTION; SKIN PERMEABILITY; SKIN SURFACE; TISSUE PRESERVATION; TONGUE;

ANIMALS; BENZENESULFONATES; COLORING AGENTS; COSMETICS; DIFFUSION; EMULSIONS; ETHANOL; HAIR REMOVAL; HUMANS; MOUTH MUCOSA; MOUTHWASHES; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; SKIN ABSORPTION; SWINE; TONGUE; TRITYL COMPOUNDS;

SUIDAE; SUS;

EID: 84869215778     PISSN: 02786915     EISSN: 18736351     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.027     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Barthelmes L., Goyal A., Newcombe R.G., McNeill F., Mansel R.E. Adverse reactions to Patent Blue V dye - the new start and Almanac experience. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010, 36:399-403.
2. Barthelmes L., Goyal A., Sudheer P., Mansel R.E. Investigation of anaphylactic reaction after Patent Blue V dye injection. Breast 2010, 19:516-520.
3. Bézu C., Coutant C., Salengro A., Darai E., Rouzier R., Uzan S. Anaphylactic response to blue dye during sentinel lymph node biopsy. Surg. Oncol. 2011, 20:55-59.
4. BfR, 2007. Bundesamt für Risikobewertung in Germany. Allergies caused by consumer products and foods. Expert Opinion No. 001/2007. Available at: <> http://www.bfr.bund.de/cm/349/allergies_caused_by_consumer_products_and_foods.pdf.
5. Brand R.M., Jendrzejewski J.L. Chronic ethanol ingestion alters xenobiotic absorption through the skin: potential role of oxidative stress. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 46:1940-1948.
6. CPAC Central Pharmaceutical Affairs Council, The Japanese Standards of Cosmetic Ingredients 1985, Yakuji Nippo, Tokyo, 655pp. second ed.
7. Davies D.J., Ward R.J., Heylings J.R. Multi-species assessment of electrical resistance as a skin integrity marker for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies. Toxicol. In Vitro 2004, 18:351-358.
8. EC European Commission, European Parliament and Council Directive 94/36/EC on colours for use in foodstuffs. Off. J. Eur. Comm. L 1994, 237:13-29.
9. EC European Commission, Commission Decision 2006/257/EC establishing an inventory and a common nomenclature of ingredients employed in cosmetic products (INCI). Off. J. Eur. Comm. L 2006, 97:1-528.
10. EC European Commission, EU B.45 Skin absorption - in vitro method. Off. J. Eur. Comm. L 2008, 142:438-443.
11. EC European Commission, Commission Directive 2008/128/EC laying down specific purity criteria concerning colours for use in foodstuffs. Off. J. Eur. Comm. L 2009, 6:20-63.
12. EC European Commission, Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on cosmetic products. Off. J. Eur. Comm. L 2009, 342:124-125.
13. EFSA European Food Safety Authority, Scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of Brilliant Blue FCF (E 133) as a food additive. EFSA J. 2010, 8(1853):1-36.
14. EFSA, 2011. European Food Safety Authority. Patent Blue V. Call for scientific data on Patent Blue V (E 131). 6 June 2011. Available at: <> http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/dataclosed/call/110606.htm.
15. FAO/WHO, 1970. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization. Specification for the identity and purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: some food colours, emulsifiers, stabilizers, anticaking agents and certain other substances. 13th report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, WHO Tech. Rep. Ser. 445. FAO/WHO, Geneva, 43pp.
16. FDA, 2009. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Color additive status list. Available at: <> http://www.fda.gov/forindustry/coloradditives/coloradditiveinventories/ucm106626.htm.
17. Gaur S., Sorg T., Shukla V. Systemic absorption of FD&C Blue dye associated with patient mortality. Postgrad. Med. J. 2003, 79:602-603.
18. Ge N.N., Schalch P., Senders C.W. The macroscopic and microscopic effects of radiofrequency injury in the porcine tongue: a pilot study. Otolaryngology - Head Neck Surg. 2009, 141:408-412.
19. Haque R.A., Wagner A., Whisken J.A., Nasser S.M., Ewan P.W. Anaphylaxis to patent blue V: a case series and proposed diagnostic protocol. Allergy 2010, 65:396-400.
20. Hojerová, J., Lucová, M., PaŽoureková, S., Klimová, Z., 2011. Barrier properties of the skin: the damage and regeneration. In: Proceedings of the International Conference of Cosmetology, October 3-5, 2011, Frymburk, Czech Republic, 30-34pp (in Slovak).
21. Jacobi U., Toll R., Audring H., Sterry W., Lademann J. The porcine snout - an in vitro model for human lips?. Exp. Dermatol. 2005, 14:96-102.
22. Jeudy G., Louvier N., Rapennes T., Goujon E., Fraisse J., Dalac-Rat S., Collet E. Immediate Patent Blue-induced hypersensitivity during sentinel node detection: the value of cutaneous tests. Ann. Dermatol. Venereol. 2008, 135:461-465. (in French).
23. Kassis V., Sondergaard J. Heat-separation of normal human skin for epidermal and dermal prostaglandin analysis. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 1984, 273:301-306.
24. Klang V., Schwarz J.C., Lenobel B., Nadj M., Auböck J., Wolzt M., Valenta C. In vitro vs. in vivo tape stripping: validation of the porcine ear model and penetration assessment of novel sucrose stearate emulsions. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2012, 80:604-614.
25. Klein L. Is blue dye safe as a method of detection for pulmonary aspiration?. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 2004, 104:1651-1652.
26. Klimová Z., Hojerová J., Lucová M., PaŽoureková S. Dermal exposure to chemicals-evaluation of skin barrier damage. Acta Chimica Slovaca 2012, 5:66-70
27. Krishnaiah Y.S., Bhaskar P., Satyanarayana V. Penetration-enhancing effect of ethanol-water solvent system and ethanolic solution of carvone on transdermal permeability of nimodipine from HPMC gel across rat abdominal skin. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 2004, 9:63-74.
28. Lucová, M., Hojerová, J., 2012. Development and implementation of in vitro methods for evaluation of dermal and mucosal permeability of some health risk dyes from cosmetics and foodstuffs. Thesis Ph.D. by M. Lucová; supervisor: J. Hojerová. Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, pp. 114 (Thesis in Slovak, Abstract in English).
29. Maloney J.P., Ryan T.A., Brasel K.J., Binion D.G., Johnson D.R., Halbower A.C., Frankel E.H., Nyffeler M., Moss M. Food dye use in enteral feedings: a review and a call for a moratorium. Nutr. Clin. Prac. 2002, 17:169-181.
30. Nürnberg W., Reimann H. Benefit-risk analysis for prescribing triphenylmethane dyes. Hautarzt 2008, 59:833-837. (in German).
31. OECD, 1995. OECD Series on Testing and Assessment, Section 1, Physical-Chemical properties. Test Guideline No. 107: Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Shake Flask Method, OECD, Paris, 4pp.
32. OECD, 2004a. OECD Series on Testing and Assessment, Section 4, Health Effects. Test Guideline No. 428: Skin Absorption: In Vitro Method. OECD, Paris, 8pp.
33. OECD, 2004b. OECD Series on Testing and Assessment, Guidance Document for the Conduct of Skin Absorption Studies. OECD, Paris, 31pp.
34. OECD, 2011. OECD Environment, Health and Safety Publications. Series on Testing and Assessment No. 156: Guidance Notes on Dermal Absorption, ENV/JM/MONO(2011) 36. OECD, Paris, 72pp.
35. Ong C.M.Y., Heard C.M. Permeation of quinine through sublingual mucosa, in vitro. Int. J. Pharm. 2009, 366:58-64.
36. Oplatowska M., Donnelly R.F., Majithiya R.J., Glenn Kennedy D., Elliott C.T. The potential for human exposure, direct and indirect, to the suspected carcinogenic triphenylmethane dye Brilliant Green from green paper towels. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2011, 49:1870-1876.
37. Patel V.F., Liu F., Brown M.B. Advances in oral transmucosal drug delivery. J. Control. Release 2011, 153:106-116.
38. Pubchem, 2012. The PubChem Compound Database. Chemical structure. Available at: <> http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.
39. Reyes F.G., Valim M.F., Vercesi A.E. Effect of organic synthetic food colours on mitochondrial respiration. Food Addit. Contam. 1996, 13:5-11.
40. Ryan T., Batchelder S., Maloney J. FD&C blue no. 1 food dye absorption from enteral tube feedings in sepsis: a summary of 5 cases (4 deaths) linked to systemic absorption. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 2001, 101(9):A-9.
41. Salinas N.L., Barrera J.E. Coblation lesion formation in a porcine tongue model. Otolaryngology - Head Neck Surg. 2010, 143:448-453.
42. SCCNFP, 2004. Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-food Products intended for Consumers in the EU. Opinion of the SCCNFP concerning Acid Blue 9. COLIPA no. C40. SCCNFP/0787/04, 1-27pp.
43. SCCS, 2010. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety in the EU. Basic criteria for the in vitro assessment of dermal absorption of cosmetic ingredients. SCCS/1358/10, 1-14pp.
44. SCCS, 2011. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety in the EU. Notes of Guidance for the testing of cosmetic ingredients and their safety evaluation. 7th revision. SCCS/1416/11, 1-112pp.
45. SCF, 1975. Scientific Committee for Food in the EU. Reports from the Scientific Committee for Food. First series, 17-30pp.
46. SCF, 1984. Scientific Committee for Food in the EU. Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food. Fourteen series, 47-61pp.
47. Sharma V., McKone H.T., Markow P.G. A global perspective on history, use and identification of synthetic food dyes. J. Chem. Educ. 2011, 88:24-28.
48. Squier C.A., Wertz P.W. Permeability and the pathophysiology of oral mucosa. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 1993, 12:13-24.
49. Trauer S., Patzelt A., Otberg N., Knorr F., Rozycki Ch., Balizs G., Büttemeyer R., Linscheid M., Liebsch M., Lademann J. Permeation of topically applied caffeine through human skin: a comparison of in vivo and in vitro data. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2009, 68:181-186.
50. Vávrová K., Zbytovská J., Hrabálek A. Amphiphilic transdermal permeation enhancers: structure-activity relationships. Curr. Med. Chem. 2005, 12:2273-2291.
51. WHO World Health Organization. Environmental Health Criteria 235: Dermal Absorption 2006, WHO Press, Geneva, 217pp.
52. Yusim Y., Livingstone D., Sidi A. Blue dyes, blue people: the systemic effects of Blue dyes when administered via different routes. J. Clin. Anesth. 2007, 19:315-321.