Immunology in Alcoholic Liver Disease

Clinics in Liver Disease

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 687-698

  Duddempudi, Anupama T ^a  

^a NORTH SHORE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Alcoholic liver disease; Immune system; Immunology; Inflammation; Kupffer cell

Indexed keywords

COMPLEMENT; ENDOTOXIN; INTERLEUKIN 17; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SUPEROXIDE; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ALCOHOL LIVER DISEASE; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE COURSE; ENDOTOXEMIA; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOLOGY; INNATE IMMUNITY; KUPFFER CELL; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER FIBROSIS; LIVER INJURY; NEUTROPHIL; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ANIMALS; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ENDOTOXINS; HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; INTERLEUKINS; KUPFFER CELLS; LIVER; LIVER DISEASES, ALCOHOLIC; METAGENOME; NEUTROPHILS; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4;

EID: 84867927491     PISSN: 10893261     EISSN: 15578224     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2012.08.003     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Wu D., Cederbaum A.I. Alcohol, oxidative stress, and free radical damage. Alcohol Res Health 2003, 27:277-284.
2. Tamai H., Kato S., Horie Y., et al. Effect of acute ethanol administration on the intestinal absorption of endotoxin in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2000, 24:390-394.
3. Fukui H., Brauner B., Bode J.C., et al. Plasma endotoxin concentrations in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease: reevaluation with an improved chromogenic assay. J Hepatol 1991, 12:162-169.
4. Keshavarzian A., Farhadi A., Forsyth C.B., et al. Evidence that chronic alcohol exposure promotes intestinal oxidative stress, intestinal hyperpermeability and endotoxemia prior to development of alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. J Hepatol 2009, 50:538-547.
5. Voican C.S., Perlemuter G., Naveua S. Mechanisms of the inflammatory reaction implicated in alcoholic hepatitis: 2011 update. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011, 35(6-7):465-474.
6. Mathurin P., Deng Q.G., Keshavarzian A., et al. Exacerbation of alcoholic liver injury by enteral endotoxin in rats. Hepatology 2000, 32:1008-1017.
7. Parlesak A., Schäfer C., Schütz T., et al. Increased intestinal permeability to macromolecules and endotoxemia in patients with chronic alcohol abuse in different stages of alcohol-induced liver disease. J Hepatol 2000, 32:742-747.
8. Rao R. Endotoxemia and gut barrier dysfunction in alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2009, 50:638-644.
9. Adachi Y., Moore L.E., Bradford B.U., et al. Antibiotics prevent liver injury in rats following long-term exposure to ethanol. Gastroenterology 1995, 108:218-224.
10. Nanji A.A., Khettry U., Sadrzadeh S.M. Lactobacillus feeding reduces endotoxemia and severity of experimental alcoholic liver (disease). Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994, 205:243-247.
11. Nanji A.A., Khettry U., Sadrzadeh S.M., et al. Severity of liver injury in experimental alcoholic liver disease. Correlation with plasma endotoxin, prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, and thromboxane B2. Am J Pathol 1993, 142:367-373.
12. Wheeler M.D., Kono H., Yin M., et al. The role of Kupffer cell oxidant production in early ethanol-induced liver disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2001, 31:1544-1549.
13. Yin M., Ikejima K., Wheeler M.D., et al. Estrogen is involved in early alcohol-induced liver injury in a rat enteral feeding model. Hepatology 2000, 31:117-123.
14. Stadlbauer V., Mookerjee R.P., Wright G.A.K., et al. Role of Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 in mediating neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009, 296(1):G15-G22.
15. Uesugi T., Froh M., Arteel G.E., et al. Toll-like receptor 4 is also involved in the mechanism of early alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Hepatology 2001, 32:101-108.
16. Yin M., Bradford B.U., Wheeler M.D., et al. Reduced early alcohol-induced liver injury in CD14-deficient mice. J Immunol 2001, 166:4737-4742.
17. Wright S.D., Ramos R.A., Tobias P.S., et al. CD14, a receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein. Science 1990, 249:1431-1433.
18. Schafer C., Parlesak A., Schutt C., et al. Concentration of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, soluble CD14 and plasma lipids in relation to endotoxaemia in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol 2002, 37:81-86.
19. Chow J.C., Young D.W., Golenbock D.T., et al. Toll-like receptor-4 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced signal transduction. J Biol Chem 1999, 274:10689-10692.
20. Poltorak A., He X., Smirnova I., et al. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 1998, 282:2085-2088.
21. Valenti L., Fracanzani A.L., Fargion S. The immunopathogenesis of alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: two triggers for one disease?. Semin Immunopathol 2009, 31:359-369.
22. Shimazu R., Akashi S., Ogata H., et al. MD-2, a molecule that confers lipopolysaccharide responsiveness on toll-like receptor 4. J Exp Med 1999, 189:1777-1782.
23. Wheeler M.D., Kono H., Yin M., et al. Delivery of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase gene with adenovirus reduces early alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. Gastroenterology 2001, 120:1241-1250.
24. Grove J., Daly A.K., Bassendine M.F., et al. Association of a tumor necrosis factor promoter polymorphism with susceptibility to alcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 1997, 26:143-146.
25. Nanji A.A., Jokelainen K., Rahemtulla A., et al. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B and cytokine imbalance in experimental alcoholic liver disease in the rat. Hepatology 1999, 30:934-943.
26. Takeda K., Akira S. TLR signaling pathways. Semin Immunol 2004, 16:3-9.
27. Tang Y., Forsyth C.B., Farhadi A., et al. Nitric oxide-mediated intestinal injury is required for alcohol-induced gut leakiness and liver damage. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009, 33:1220-1230.
28. Zhong W., McClain C.J., Cave M., et al. The role of zinc deficiency in alcohol-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010, 298:G625-G633.
29. Banan A., Fields J.Z., Decker H., et al. Nitric oxide and its metabolites mediate ethanol-induced microtubule disruption and intestinal barrier dysfunction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000, 294:997-1008.
30. Paik Y.H., Schwabe R.F., Bataller R., et al. Toll-like receptor 4 mediates inflammatory signaling by bacterial lipopolysaccharide in human hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology 2003, 37:1043-1055.
31. Sakai Y., Izumi N., Marumo F., et al. Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocyte subsets in alcoholic liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993, 8:39-43.
32. Laso F.J., Iglesias-Osma C., Ciudad J., et al. Chronic alcoholism is associated with an imbalanced production of Th-1/Th-2 cytokines by peripheral blood T cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999, 23:1306-1311.
33. Song K., Coleman R.A., Zhu X., et al. Chronic ethanol consumption by mice results in activated splenic T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2002, 72:1109-1116.
34. Cao Q., Batey R., Pang G., et al. Altered T-lymphocyte responsiveness to polyclonal cell activators is responsible for liver cell necrosis in alcohol-fed rates. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998, 22:723-729.
35. Terabayashi H., Kolber M.A. The generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against acetaldehyde-modified syngeneic cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1990, 14:893-899.
36. Willis M.S., Klassen L.W., Tuma D.J., et al. Malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde-haptenated protein induces cell death by induction of necrosis and apoptosis in immune cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2002, 2:519-535.
37. Rolla R., Vay D., Mottaran E., et al. Detection of circulating antibodies against malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts in patients with alcohol-induced liver disease. Hepatology 2000, 31:878-884.
38. Thiele G.M., Tuma D.J., Willis M.S., et al. Soluble proteins modified with acetaldehyde and malondialdehyde are immunogenic in the absence of adjuvant. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998, 22:1731-1739.
39. Willis M.S., Klassen L.W., Tuma D.J., et al. Adduction of soluble proteins with malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) induces antibody production and enhances T-cell proliferation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002, 26:94-106.
40. Lohse A.W. Experimental models of autoimmune hepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 1991, 11:241-247.
41. Thiele G.M., Freeman T.L., Willis M.S., et al. Identification of liver cytosolic proteins associated with malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) adducted liver cytosol induced autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2003, 38:488A.
42. Bonet H., Manez R., Kramer D., et al. Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease: survival of patients transplanted with alcoholic hepatitis plus cirrhosis as compared with those with cirrhosis alone. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993, 17:1102-1106.
43. Jura J., Wegrzyn P., Korostynski M., et al. Identification of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6-responsive genes in human monocyte-derived macrophages using microarrays. Biochem Biophys Acta 2008, 1779:383-389.
44. Acosta-Rodriguez E.V., Napolitani G., Lanzavecchia A., et al. Interleukins 1beta and 6 but not transforming growth factor beta are essential for the differentiation of interleukin 17- producing human T helper cells. Nat Immunol 2007, 8:942-949.
45. Weaver C.T., Hatton R.D., Mangan P.R., et al. IL-17 family cytokines and the expanding diversity of effector T cell lineages. Annu Rev Immunol 2007, 25:821-852.
46. Lafdil F., Miller A.M., Ki S.H., et al. Th17 cells and their associated cytokines in liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2010, 7:250-254.
47. Lemmers A., Moreno C., Gustot T., et al. The interleukin-17 pathway is involved in human alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2009, 49:646-657.
48. Sheron N., Bird G., Goka J., et al. Elevated plasma interleukin-6 and increased severity and mortality in alcoholic hepatitis. Clin Exp Immunol 1991, 84:449-453.
49. Hong F., Kim W.H., Tian Z., et al. Elevated interleukin-6 during ethanol consumption acts as a potential endogenous protective cytokine against ethanol-induced apoptosis in the liver: involvement of induction of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins. Oncogene 2002, 21:32-43.
50. Rabe B., Chalaris A., May U., et al. Transgenic blockade of interleukin 6 transsignaling abrogates inflammation. Blood 2008, 111:1021-1028.
51. Ki S.H., Park O., Zheng M., et al. Interleukin-22 treatment ameliorates alcoholic liver injury in a murine model of chronic-binge ethanol feeding: role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Hepatology 2010, 52:1291-1300.
52. Thornton A.J., Strieter R.M., Lindley I., et al. Cytokine-induced gene expression of a neutrophil chemotactic factor/IL-8 in human hepatocytes. J Immunol 1990, 144:2609-2613.
53. Paik Y.H., Lee K.S., Lee H.J., et al. Hepatic stellate cells primed with cytokines upregulate inflammation in response to peptidoglycan or lipoteichoic acid. Lab Invest 2006, 86:676-686.
54. Mookerjee R.P., Stadlbauer V., Lidder S., et al. Neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis superimposed on cirrhosis is reversible and predicts the outcome. Hepatology 2007, 46:831-840.
55. Woodfin A., Voisin M.B., Nourshargh S. Recent developments and complexities in neutrophil transmigration. Curr Opin Hematol 2010, 17:9-17.
56. Kono H., Uesugi T., Froh M., et al. ICAM-1 is involved in the mechanism of alcohol-induced liver injury: studies with knockout mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001, 280:G1289-G1295.
57. Banerjee A., Apte U.M., Smith R., et al. Higher neutrophil infiltration mediated by osteopontin is a likely contributing factor to the increased susceptibility of females to alcoholic liver disease. J Pathol 2006, 208:473-485.
58. Gasque P. Complement: a unique innate immune sensor for danger signals. Mol Immunol 2004, 41:1089-1098.
59. Pritchard M.T., McMullen M.R., Stavitsky A.B., et al. Differential contributions of C3, C5 and decay-accelerating factor to ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice. Gastroenterology 2007, 132:1117-1126.
60. Jarvelainen H.A., Vakeva A., Lindros K.O., et al. Activation of complement components and reduced regulator expression in alcohol-induced liver injury in the rat. Clin Immunol 2002, 105:57-63.
61. Roychowdhury S., McMullen M.R., Pritchard M.T., et al. An early complement-dependent and TLR-4-independent phase in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. Hepatology 2009, 49:1326-1334.
62. Paidassi H., Tacnet-Delorme P., Garlatti V., et al. C1q binds phosphatidylserine and likely acts as a multiligand-bridging molecule in apoptotic cell recognition. J Immunol 2008, 180:2329-2338.
63. Elward K., Griffiths M., Mizuno M., et al. CD46 plays a key role in tailoring innate immune recognition of apoptotic and necrotic cells. J Biol Chem 2005, 280:36342-36354.
64. Mevorach D., Mascarenhas J.O., Gershov D., et al. Complement-dependent clearance of apoptotic cells by human macrophages. J Exp Med 1998, 188:2313-2320.
65. Trouw L.A., Blom A.M., Gasque P. Role of complement and complement regulators in the removal of apoptotic cells. Mol Immunol 2008, 45:1199-1207.
66. Higuchi H., Kurose I., Kato S., et al. Ethanol-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996, 20:340A-346A.
67. Cohen J.I., Roychowdhury S., Dibello P.M., et al. Exogenous thioredoxin prevents ethanol-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in mouse liver. Hepatology 2009, 49:1709-1717.
68. Pastorino J.G., Shulga N., Hoek J.B. TNF-alpha-induced cell death in ethanol-exposed cells depends on p38 MAPK signaling but is independent of Bid and caspase-8. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2003, 285:G503-G516.
69. McVicker B.L., Tuma D.J., Kubik J.L., et al. Ethanol-induced apoptosis in polarized hepatic cells possibly through regulation of the Fas pathway. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006, 30:1906-1915.
70. Cohen J.I., Roychowdhury S., McMullen M.R., et al. Complement and alcoholic liver disease: role of C1q in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. Gastroenterology 2010, 139:664-674.
71. Sabat R., Grütz G., Warszawska K., et al. Biology of interleukin-10. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010, 21:331-344.
72. Hill D.B., D'Souza N.B., Lee E.Y., et al. A role for interleukin-10 in alcohol-induced liver sensitization to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002, 26:74-82.
73. Horiguchi N., Wang L., Mukhopadhyay P., et al. Cell type dependent pro- and anti-inflammatory role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in alcoholic liver injury. Gastroenterology 2008, 134:1148-1158.
74. Ayroldi E., Riccardi C. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ): a new important mediator of glucocorticoid action. FASEB J 2009, 23:3649-3658.
75. Hamdi H., Bigorgne A., Naveau S., et al. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper: a key protein in the sensitization of monocytes to lipopolysaccharide in alcoholic hepatitis. Hepatology 2007, 46:1986-1992.