My belief or yours? Differential theory of mind deficits in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease

Brain

Volumn 135, Issue 10, 2012, Pages 3026-3038

  Le Bouc, Raphaël ^a   Lenfant, Pierre ^a   Delbeuck, Xavier ^a   Ravasi, Laura ^a   Lebert, Florence ^a   Semah, Franck ^a   Pasquier, Florence ^a  

^a UNIV LILLE   (France)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia; FDG PET; theory of mind

Indexed keywords

FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18;

ADULT; AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; BRAIN REGION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; FRONTAL VARIANT FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; GENDER; HUMAN; INHIBITION KINETICS; MALE; MINI MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STROOP TEST; TASK PERFORMANCE; THEORY OF MIND;

EID: 84867735535     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: 14602156     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/aws237     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Adenzato M, Cavallo M, Enrici I. Theory of mind ability in the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia: an analysis of the neural, cognitive, and social levels. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48: 2-12.
2. Adolphs R. Social cognition and the human brain. Trends Cogn Sci 1999; 3: 469-79.
3. Adolphs R. The neurobiology of social cognition. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2001; 11: 231-9.
4. Aichhorn M, Perner J, Weiss B, Kronbichler M, Staffen W, Ladurner G. Temporo-parietal junction activity in theory-of-mind tasks: falseness, beliefs, or attention. J Cogn Neurosci 2009; 21: 1179-92.
5. Apperly IA, Samson D, Chiavarino C, Humphreys GW. Frontal and temporo-parietal lobe contributions to theory of mind: neuropsychological evidence from a false-belief task with reduced language and executive demands. J Cogn Neurosci 2004; 16: 1773-84.
6. Apperly IA. Alternative routes to perspective-taking: imagination and rule-use may be better than simulation and theorising. Br J Dev Psychol 2009; 27 (Pt 3): 545-53.
7. Aron AR. The neural basis of inhibition in cognitive control. Neuroscientist 2007; 13: 214-28.
8. Bailey PE, Henry JD. Growing less empathic with age: disinhibition of the self-perspective. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2008; 63: P219-P26.
9. Baron JC, Chetelat G, Desgranges B, Perchey G, Landeau B, de la Sayette V, et al. In vivo mapping of gray matter loss with voxel-based morphometry in mild Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2001; 14: 298-309.
10. Baron-Cohen S. Mindblindness: an essay on autism and theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1995. Baron-Cohen S, Leslie AM, Frith U. Does the autistic child have a "theory of mind"? Cognition 1985; 21: 37-46.
11. Bird CM, Castelli F, Malik O, Frith U, Husain M. The impact of extensive medial frontal lobe damage on 'Theory of Mind' and cognition. Brain 2004; 127 (Pt 4): 914-28.
12. Brett M, Anton JL, Valabregue R, Poline JB. Region of interest analysis using an SPM toolbox [abstract] presented at the 8th International Conference on Functional Mapping of the Human Brain, June 2-6, 2002, Sendai, Japan. Available on CD-ROM in NeuroImage, Vol 16, No 2.
13. Carlson SM, Moses LJ. Individual differences in inhibitory control and children's theory of mind. Child Dev 2001; 72: 1032-53.
14. Chambers CD, Bellgrove MA, Gould IC, English T, Garavan H, McNaught E, et al. Dissociable mechanisms of cognitive control in prefrontal and premotor cortex. J Neurophysiol 2007; 98: 3638-47.
15. Charlton RA, Barrick TR, Markus HS, Morris RG. Theory of mind associations with other cognitive functions and brain imaging in normal aging. Psychol Aging 2009; 24: 338-48.
16. Charpentier P, Lavenu I, Defebvre L, Duhamel A, Lecouffe P, Pasquier F, et al. Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia are differentiated by discriminant analysis applied to (99 m)Tc HmPAO SPECT data. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000; 69: 661-3.
17. de Vignemont F, Singer T. The empathic brain: how, when and why? Trends Cogn Sci 2006; 10: 435-41.
18. Dennett DC. Beliefs about beliefs. Behav Brain Sci 1978; 1: 568-70.
19. Dubois B, Slachevsky A, Litvan I, Pillon B. The FAB: a Frontal Assessment Battery at bedside. Neurology 2000; 55: 1621-6.
20. Duval C, Piolino P, Bejanin A, Eustache F, Desgranges B. Age effects on different components of theory of mind. Conscious Cogn 2011; 20: 627-42.
21. Epley N, Keysar B, Van Boven L, Gilovich T. Perspective taking as egocentric anchoring and adjustment. J Pers Soc Psychol 2004; 87: 327-39.
22. Eslinger PJ, Moore P, Troiani V, Antani S, Cross K, Kwok S, et al. Oops! Resolving social dilemmas in frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78: 457-60.
23. Fernandez-Duque D, Baird JA, Black SE. False-belief understanding in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2009; 31: 489-97.
24. Fine C, Lumsden J, Blair RJ. Dissociation between 'theory of mind' and executive functions in a patient with early left amygdala damage. Brain 2001; 124 (Pt 2): 287-98.
25. Fisher N, Happe F. A training study of theory of mind and executive function in children with autistic spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 2005; 35: 757-71.
26. Fisk JE, Sharp CA. Age-related impairment in executive functioning: updating, inhibition, shifting, and access. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2004; 26: 874-90.
27. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 189-98.
28. Foster NL, Chase TN, Mansi L, Brooks R, Fedio P, Patronas NJ, et al. Cortical abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Neurol 1984; 16: 649-54.
29. Fox NC, Crum WR, Scahill RI, Stevens JM, Janssen JC, Rossor MN. Imaging of onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease with voxelcompression mapping of serial magnetic resonance images. Lancet 2001; 358: 201-5.
30. Friedland RP, Budinger TF, Ganz E, Yano Y, Mathis CA, Koss B, et al. Regional cerebral metabolic alterations in dementia of the Alzheimer type: positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1983; 7: 590-8.
31. Frisoni GB, Prestia A, Rasser PE, Bonetti M, Thompson PM. In vivo mapping of incremental cortical atrophy from incipient to overt Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol 2009; 256: 916-24.
32. Friston KJ. Testing for anatomically specified regional effects. Hum Brain Mapp 1997; 5: 133-6.
33. Frith CD. The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1992.
34. Frith CD, Frith U. Interacting minds-a biological basis. Science 1999; 286: 1692-5.
35. Frith U, Frith CD. Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2003; 358: 459-73.
36. Funkiewiez A, Bertoux M, de Souza LC, Levy R, Dubois B. The SEA (social cognition and emotional assessment): a clinical neuropsychological tool for early diagnosis of frontal variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neuropsychology 2012; 26: 81-90.
37. Garavan H, Hester R, Murphy K, Fassbender C, Kelly C. Individual differences in the functional neuroanatomy of inhibitory control. Brain Res 2006; 1105: 130-42.
38. German TP, Hehman JA. Representational and executive selection resources in 'theory of mind': evidence from compromised belief-desire reasoning in old age. Cognition 2006; 101: 129-52.
39. Godefroy O. Frontal syndrome and disorders of executive functions. J Neurol 2003; 250: 1-6.
40. Godefroy O, Azouvi P, Robert P, Roussel M, LeGall D, Meulemans T. Groupe de Ré flexion sur l'Evaluation des Fonctions Exé cutives Study Group. Dysexecutive syndrome: diagnostic criteria and validation study. Ann Neurol 2010; 68: 855-64.
41. Godefroy O. et le Groupe de ré flexion sur l'é valuation des fonctions exé cutives. Fonctions exé cutives et pathologies neurologiques et psychiatriques. Marseille: Solal 2008.
42. Gregory C, Lough S, Stone V, Erzinclioglu S, Martin L, Baron-Cohen S, et al. Theory of mind in patients with frontal variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease: theoretical and practical implications. Brain 2002; 125 (Pt 4): 752-64.
43. Happe FG, Winner E, Brownell H. The getting of wisdom: theory of mind in old age. Dev Psychol 1998; 34: 358-62.
44. Havet-Thomassin V, Allain P, Etcharry-Bouyx F, Le, Gall D. What about theory of mind after severe brain injury? Brain Inj 2006; 20: 83-91.
45. Herholz K, Salmon E, Perani D, Baron JC, Holthoff V, Frolich L, et al. Discrimination between Alzheimer dementia and controls by automated analysis of multicenter FDG PET. Neuroimage 2002; 17: 302-16.
46. Hu WT, Wang Z, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ, Detre JA, Grossman M. Distinct cerebral perfusion patterns in FTLD and AD. Neurology 2010; 75: 881-8.
47. Ibanez V, Pietrini P, Alexander GE, Furey ML, Teichberg D, Rajapakse JC, et al. Regional glucose metabolic abnormalities are not the result of atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 1998; 50: 1585-93.
48. Kawachi T, Ishii K, Sakamoto S, Sasaki M, Mori T, Yamashita F, et al. Comparison of the diagnostic performance of FDG-PET and VBM-MRI in very mild Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 33: 801-9.
49. Kipps CM, Hodges Jr. Theory of mind in frontotemporal dementia. Soc Neurosci 2006; 1: 235-44.
50. Kloo D, Perner J. Training transfer between card sorting and false belief understanding: helping children apply conflicting descriptions. Child Dev 2003; 74: 1823-39.
51. Lavenu I, Pasquier F, Lebert F, Petit H, Van der Linden M. Perception of emotion in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1999; 13: 96-101.
52. Lebert F, Pasquier F, Souliez L, Petit H. Frontotemporal behavioral scale. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1998; 12: 335-9.
53. Leslie AM. Pretense and representation: the origins of 'Theory of Mind'. Psychol Rev 1987; 94: 412-26.
54. Leslie AM, Friedman O, German TP. Core mechanisms in "theory of mind". Trends Cogn Sci 2004; 8: 528-33.
55. Leslie AM, German TP, Polizzi P. Belief-desire reasoning as a process of selection. Cogn Psychol 2005; 50: 45-85.
56. Lezak MD. Neuropsychological assessment. 4th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2004.
57. Lough S, Gregory C, Hodges Jr. Dissociation of social cognition and executive function in frontal variant frontotemporal dementia. Neurocase 2001; 7: 123-30.
58. Lough S, Hodges Jr. Measuring and modifying abnormal social cognition in frontal variant frontotemporal dementia. J Psychosom Res 2002; 53: 639-46.
59. Lough S, Kipps CM, Treise C, Watson P, Blair JR, Hodges Jr. Social reasoning, emotion and empathy in frontotemporal dementia. Neuropsychologia 2006; 44: 950-8.
60. Lund and Manchester Groups. Clinical and neuropathological criteria for frontotemporal dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1994; 57: 416-8.
61. Matsuda H, Kitayama N, Ohnishi T, Asada T, Nakano S, Sakamoto S, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of both morphologic and functional changes in the same individuals with Alzheimer's disease. J Nucl Med 2002; 43: 304-11.
62. Mattis S. Mental status examination for organic mental syndrome in the elderly patient. In: Bellack L, Karasu TB, editors. Geriatric psychiatry: a handbook for psychiatrists and primary care physicians. New York: Grune and Stratton; 1976. p. 77-121.
63. Maylor EA, Moulson JM, Muncer AM, Taylor LA. Does performance on theory of mind tasks decline in old age? Br J Psychol 2002; 93 (Pt 4): 465-85.
64. McCleery JP, Surtees AD, Graham KA, Richards JE, Apperly IA. The neural and cognitive time course of theory of mind. J Neurosci 2011; 31: 12849-54.
65. McKhann GM, Albert MS, Grossman M, Miller B, Dickson D, Trojanowski JQ. Clinical and pathological diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia: report of the work group on frontotemporal dementia and pick's disease. Arch Neurol 2001; 58: 1803-9.
66. McKhann GM, Knopman DS, Chertkow H, Hyman BT, Jack CR Jr.
67. Kawas CH, et al. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2011; 7: 263-9.
68. McKinnon MC, Moscovitch M. Domain-general contributions to social reasoning: theory of mind and deontic reasoning re-explored. Cognition 2007; 102: 179-218.
69. Miyake A, Friedman NP, Emerson MJ, Witzki AH, Howerter A, Wager TD. The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "Frontal Lobe" tasks: a latent variable analysis. Cogn Psychol 2000; 41: 49-100.
70. Moroni C, Bayard S. [Inhibitory process: what evolution after the age of 50?]. Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2009; 7: 121-9.
71. Mosconi L. Brain glucose metabolism in the early and specific diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. FDG-PET studies in MCI and AD. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2005; 32: 486-510.
72. Muller F, Simion A, Reviriego E, Galera C, Mazaux JM, Barat M, et al. Exploring theory of mind after severe traumatic brain injury. Cortex 2010; 46: 1088-99.
73. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, et al. The montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005; 53: 695-9.
74. Neary D, Snowden JS, Gustafson L, Passant U, Stuss D, Black S, et al. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: a consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology 1998; 51: 1546-54.
75. Nestor PJ, Fryer TD, Smielewski P, Hodges Jr. Limbic hypometabolism in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 2003; 54: 343-51.
76. Pellicano E. Links between theory of mind and executive function in young children with autism: clues to developmental primacy. Dev Psychol 2007; 43: 974-90.
77. Perner J, Aichhorn M, Kronbichler M, Staffen W, Ladurner G. Thinking of mental and other representations: the roles of left and right temporo-parietal junction. Soc Neurosci 2006; 1: 245-58.
78. Perner J, Lang B. Development of theory of mind and executive control. Trends Cogn Sci 1999; 3: 337-44.
79. Perner J, Wimmer H. "John thinks that Mary thinks that. . .": Attribution of second-order beliefs by five-to 10-year-old children. J Exp Child Psychol 1985; 39: 437-71.
80. Phelps ME, Huang SC, Hoffman EJ, Selin C, Sokoloff L, Kuhl DE. Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in humans with (F-18)2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose: validation of method. Ann Neurol 1979; 6: 371-88.
81. Phillips LH, Bull R, Allen R, Insch P, Burr K, Ogg W. Lifespan aging and belief reasoning: influences of executive function and social cue decoding. Cognition 2011; 120: 236-47.
82. Premack DG, Woodruff G. Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behav Brain Sci 1978; 1: 515-26.
83. Qureshi AW, Apperly IA, Samson D. Executive function is necessary for perspective selection, not Level-1 visual perspective calculation: evidence from a dual-task study of adults. Cognition 2010; 117: 230-6.
84. Rascovsky K, Hodges JR, Knopman D, Mendez MF, Kramer JH, Neuhaus J, et al. Sensitivity of revised diagnostic criteria for the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia. Brain 2011; 134 (Pt 9): 2456-77.
85. Rothmayr C, Sodian B, Hajak G, Dohnel K, Meinhardt J, Sommer M. Common and distinct neural networks for false-belief reasoning and inhibitory control. Neuroimage 2011; 56: 1705-13.
86. Rowe AD, Bullock PR, Polkey CE, Morris RG. "Theory of mind" impairments and their relationship to executive functioning following frontal lobe excisions. Brain 2001; 124 (Pt 3): 600-16.
87. Ruby P, Collette F, D'Argembeau A, Pé ters F, Degueldre C, Balteau E, Luxen A, Maquet P, Salmon E. Perspective taking to assess self-personality: what's modified in Alzheimer's disease? Neurobiol Aging 2009; 30: 1637-51.
88. Samson D, Apperly IA, Chiavarino C, Humphreys GW. Left temporoparietal junction is necessary for representing someone else's belief. Nat Neurosci 2004; 7: 499-500.
89. Samson D, Apperly IA, Humphreys GW. Error analyses reveal contrasting deficits in "theory of mind": neuropsychological evidence from a 3-option false belief task. Neuropsychologia 2007; 45: 2561-9.
90. Samson D, Apperly IA, Kathirgamanathan U, Humphreys GW. Seeing it my way: a case of a selective deficit in inhibiting self-perspective. Brain 2005; 128 (Pt 5): 1102-11.
91. Saxe R, Kanwisher N. People thinking about thinking people. The role of the temporo-parietal junction in "theory of mind". Neuroimage 2003; 19: 1835-42.
92. Saxe R, Powell LJ. It's the thought that counts: specific brain regions for one component of theory of mind. Psychol Sci 2006; 17: 692-9.
93. Saxe R, Schulz LE, Jiang YV. Reading minds versus following rules: dissociating theory of mind and executive control in the brain. Soc Neurosci 2006; 1: 284-98.
94. Saxe R, Wexler A. Making sense of another mind: the role of the right temporo-parietal junction. Neuropsychologia 2005; 43: 1391-9.
95. Shamay-Tsoory SG, Tomer R, Aharon-Peretz J. The neuroanatomical basis of understanding sarcasm and its relationship to social cognition. Neuropsychology 2005; 19: 288-300.
96. Shany-Ur T, Poorzand P, Grossman SN, Growdon ME, Jang JY, Ketelle RS, et al. Comprehension of insincere communication in neurodegenerative disease: lies, sarcasm, and theory of mind. Cortex 2011 [Epub ahead of print].
97. Slessor G, Phillips LH, Bull R. Exploring the specificity of age-related differences in theory of mind tasks. Psychol Aging 2007; 22: 639-43.
98. Snowden JS, Gibbons ZC, Blackshaw A, Doubleday E, Thompson J, Craufurd D, et al. Social cognition in frontotemporal dementia and Huntington's disease. Neuropsychologia 2003; 41: 688-701.
99. Spreen O, Strauss E. A compendium of neuropsychological tests: administration, norms, and commentary. New York: Oxford University Press; 1991.
100. Torralva T, Kipps CM, Hodges JR, Clark L, Bekinschtein T, Roca M, et al. The relationship between affective decision-making and theory of mind in the frontal variant of fronto-temporal dementia. Neuropsychologia 2007; 45: 342-9.
101. Torralva T, Roca M, Gleichgerrcht E, Bekinschtein T, Manes F. A neuropsychological battery to detect specific executive and social cognitive impairments in early frontotemporal dementia. Brain 2009; 132 (Pt 5): 1299-309.
102. Uekermann J, Channon S, Daum I. Humor processing, mentalizing, and executive function in normal aging. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2006; 12: 184-91.
103. van der Meer L, Groenewold NA, Nolen WA, Pijnenborg M, Aleman A. Inhibit yourself and understand the other: neural basis of distinct processes underlying theory of mind. Neuroimage 2011; 56: 2364-74.
104. Varma AR, Adams W, Lloyd JJ, Carson KJ, Snowden JS, Testa HJ, et al. Diagnostic patterns of regional atrophy on MRI and regional cerebral blood flow change on SPECT in young onset patients with Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia and vascular dementia. Acta Neurol Scand 2002; 105: 261-9.
105. Vendrell P, Junqué C, Pujol J, Jurado MA, Molet J, Grafman J. The role of prefrontal regions in the Stroop task. Neuropsychologia 1995; 33: 341-52.
106. Vogeley K, Bussfeld P, Newen A, Herrmann S, Happe F, Falkai P, et al. Mind reading: neural mechanisms of theory of mind and self-perspective. Neuroimage 2001; 14 (1 Pt 1): 170-81.
107. Wechsler D. The Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised. San Antonio: Psychological Corporation; 1981.
108. Wellman HM, Cross D, Watson J. Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development: the truth about false belief. Child Dev 2001; 72: 655-84.
109. Whitwell JL, Shiung MM, Przybelski SA, Weigand SD, Knopman DS, Boeve BF, et al. MRI patterns of atrophy associated with progression to AD in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neurology 2008; 70: 512-20.
110. Wimmer H, Perner J. Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception. Cognition 1983; 13: 103-28.
111. Womack KB, Diaz-Arrastia R, Aizenstein HJ, Arnold SE, Barbas NR, Boeve BF, et al. Temporoparietal hypometabolism in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and associated imaging diagnostic errors. Arch Neurol 2011; 68: 329-37.
112. Zaitchik D, Koff E, Brownell H, Winner E, Albert M. Inference of beliefs and emotions in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 2006; 20: 11-20.