Serotonin transporter gene as a predictor of stress generation in depression

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

Volumn 121, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 810-818

  Starr, Lisa R ^a   Hammen, Constance ^a   Brennan, Patricia A ^b   Najman, Jake M ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

5 HTTLPR; Adolescents; Depression; Serotonin transporter gene; Stress generation

Indexed keywords

SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER;

5 HTTLPR GENE; ADOLESCENCE; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DNA POLYMORPHISM; FEMALE; GENE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENE FUNCTION; GENOTYPE; GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; HOMOZYGOSITY; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL STRESS; MALE; PROMOTER REGION; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; PUERPERAL DEPRESSION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR;

EID: 84867492775     PISSN: 0021843X     EISSN: 19391846     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0027952     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Aguilera, M., Arias, B., Wichers, M., Barrantes-Vidal, N., Moya, J., Villa, H.,. .. Fan{ogonek}anás, L. (2009). Early adversity and 5-HTT/BDNF genes: New evidence of gene? Environment interactions on depressive symptoms in a general population. Psychological Medicine, 39, 1425-1432. doi:10.1017/S0033291709005248
2. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck depression inventory-II. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
3. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Garbin, M. G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 77-100. doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5
4. Bedford, A., & Foulds, G. (1978). Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory of Anxiety and Depression. Windsor, UK: NFER.
5. Brown, G. W., & Harris, T. (1978). Social origins of depression. London, UK: Free Press.
6. Caspi, A., Hariri, A. R., Holmes, A., Uher, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2010). Genetic sensitivity to the environment: The case of the serotonin transporter gene and Its implications for studying complex diseases and traits. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 509-527. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09101452
7. Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H.,... Poulton, R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301, 386-389. doi:10.1126/science.1083968
8. Coyne, J. C. (1994). Self-reported distress: Analog or ersatz depression? Psychological Bulletin, 116, 29-45. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.1.29
9. Daley, S. E., Hammen, C., Burge, D., & Davila, J. (1997). Predictors of the generation of episodic stress: A longitudinal study of late adolescent women. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 251-259. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.106.2.251
10. Davila, J., Bradbury, T. N., Cohan, C. L., & Tochluk, S. (1997). Marital functioning and depressive symptoms: Evidence for a stress generation model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 849-861. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.849
11. Davila, J., Karney, B. R., Hall, T. W., & Bradbury, T. N. (2003). Depressive symptoms and marital satisfaction: Within-subject associations and the moderating effects of gender and neuroticism. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 557-570. doi:10.1037/0893-3200.17.4.557
12. Du, L., Bakish, D., & Hrdina, P. D. (2000). Gender differences in association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and personality traits. Psychiatric Genetics, 10, 159. doi:10.1097/00041444-200010040-00002
13. Eberhart, N. K., & Hammen, C. L. (2009). Interpersonal predictors of stress generation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 544-556. doi:10.1177/0146167208329857
14. Eberhart, N. K., & Hammen, C. L. (2010). Interpersonal style, stress, and depression: An examination of transactional and diathesis-stress models. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 23-38. doi:10.1521/jscp.2010.29.1.23
15. Gotlib, I. H., & Joormann, J. (2010). Cognition and depression: Current status and future directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 285. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305
16. Gotlib, I. H., Joormann, J., Minor, K. L., & Hallmayer, J. (2008). HPA Axis Reactivity: A mechanism underlying the associations among 5-HTTLPR, stress, and depression. Biological Psychiatry, 63, 847-851. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.10.008
17. Gunthert, K. C., Cohen, L. H., & Armeli, S. (1999). The role of neuroticism in daily stress and coping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1087. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1087
18. Hammen, C. (1991). Generation of stress in the course of unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 555. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.555
19. Hammen, C. (2005). Stress and depression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 293-319. doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143938
20. Hammen, C. (2006). Stress generation in depression: Reflections on origins, research, and future directions. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 1065-1082. doi:10.1002/jclp.20293
21. Hammen, C. (2009). Stress exposure and stress generation in adolescent depression. In S. Nolen-Hoeksema & L. Hilt (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent depression (pp. 305-333). New York, NY: Routledge.
22. Hammen, C., & Brennan, P. A. (2001). Depressed adolescents of depressed and nondepressed mothers: Tests of an interpersonal impairment hypothesis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 284-294. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.69.2.284
23. Hammen, C., Brennan, P. A., Keenan-Miller, D., Hazel, N. A., & Najman, J. M. (2010). Chronic and acute stress, gender, and serotonin transporter gene- environment interactions predicting depression symptoms in youth. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 180-187. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02177.x
24. Hammen, C., Henry, R., & Daley, S. E. (2000). Depression and sensitization to stressors among young women as a function of childhood adversity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 782-787. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.782
25. Hammen, C., Mayol, A., deMayo, R., & Marks, T. (1986). Initial symptom levels and the life-event-depression relationship. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 114-122. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.95.2.114
26. Harkness, K. L., & Stewart, J. G. (2009). Symptom specificity and the prospective generation of life events in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118, 278. doi:10.1037/a0015749
27. Holahan, C. J., Moos, R. H., Holahan, C. K., Brennan, P. L., & Schutte, K. K. (2005). Stress generation, avoidance coping, and depressive symptoms: A 10-year model. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 658-666. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.4.658
28. Ioannidis, J., Trikalinos, T. A., & Khoury, M. J. (2006). Implications of small effect sizes of individual genetic variants on the design and interpretation of genetic association studies of complex diseases. American Journal of Epidemiology, 164, 609. doi:10.1093/aje/kwj259
29. Jang, K. L., Livesley, W. J., Vernon, P. A., & Jackson, D. N. (1996). Heritability of personality disorder traits: A twin study. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 94, 438-444. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09887.x
30. Joiner, T. E., Jr., & Timmons, K. A. (2009). Depression in its interpersonal context. In I. H. Gotlib & C. L. Hammen (Eds.), Handbook of depression (2nd ed., pp. 322-339). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
31. Joiner, T. E., Jr., Wingate, L. R., & Otamendi, A. (2005). An interpersonal addendum to the hopelessness theory of depression: Hopelessness as a stress and depression generator. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 24, 649-664. doi:10.1521/jscp.2005.24.5.649
32. Karg, K., Burmeister, M., Shedden, K., & Sen, S. (2011). The serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR), stress, and depression metaanalysis revisited: Evidence of genetic moderation. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68, 444-454. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.189
33. Keenan-Miller, D., Hammen, C. L., & Brennan, P. A. (2007). Health outcomes related to early adolescent depression. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 256-262.
34. Keeping, J. D., Najman, J. M., Morrison, J., Western, J. S., Anderson, M. J., & Williams, G. M. (1989). A prospective longitudinal study of social, psychological, and obstetrical factors in pregnancy: Response rates and demographic characteristics of the 8,556 respondents. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 96, 289-297. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb02388.x
35. Kendler, K. S. (2011). A conceptual overview of gene-environment interaction and correlation in a developmental context. In K. S. Kendler, S. Jaffee, & D. Romer (Eds.), The dynamic genome and mental health: The roles of genes and environments in youth development (pp. 5-28). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
36. Kendler, K. S., & Karkowski-Shulman, L. (1997). Stressful life events and genetic liability to major depression: Genetic control of exposure to the environment? Psychological Medicine, 27, 539-547. doi:10.1017/S0033291797004716
37. Kendler, K. S., Karkowski, L. M., & Prescott, C. A. (1999). Causal relationship between stressful life events and the onset of major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 837-841.
38. Kendler, K. S., Kuhn, J. W., Vittum, J., Prescott, C. A., & Riley, B. (2005). The interaction of stressful life events and a serotonin transporter polymorphism in the prediction of episodes of major depression - A replication. [Article]. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 529-535. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.5.529
39. Kendler, K. S., Neale, M., Kessler, R., Heath, A., & Eaves, L. (1993). A twin study of recent life events and difficulties. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 789-796. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820220041005
40. Kilpatrick, D. G., Koenen, K. C., Ruggiero, K. J., Acierno, R., Galea, S., Resnick, H. S.,... Gelernter, J. (2007). The serotonin transporter genotype and social support and moderation of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in hurricane-exposed adults. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 1693-1699. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06122007
41. Kovacs, M., Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2008). Emotion (dys)regulation and links to depressive disorders. Child Development Perspectives, 2, 149. doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00057.x
42. Lahey, B. B. (2009). Public health significance of neuroticism. American Psychologist, 64, 241-256. doi:10.1037/a0015309
43. Lasa, L., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Vazquez-Barquero, J. L., Diez-Manrique, F. J., & Dowrick, C. F. (2000). The use of the Beck Depression Inventory to screen for depression in the general population: A preliminary analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 57, 261-265. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(99)00088-9
44. Lau, J. Y. F., & Eley, T. C. (2008). Attributional style as a risk marker of genetic effects for adolescent depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 849-859. doi:10.1037/a0013943
45. Lesch, K. P., Bengel, D., Heils, A., Sabol, S. Z., Greenberg, B. D., Petri, S.,... Murphy, D. L. (1996). Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science, 274, 1527. doi:10.1126/science.274.5292.1527
46. Liu, R. T., & Alloy, L. B. (2010). Stress generation in depression: A systematic review of the empirical literature and recommendations for future study. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 582-593. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.04.010
47. McGuffin, P., Katz, R., & Bebbington, P. (1988). The Camberwell Collaborative Depression Study. III. Depression and adversity in the relatives of depressed probands. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 775-782. doi:10.1192/bjp.152.6.775
48. Monroe, S. M., & Reid, M. W. (2008). Gene-environment interactions in depression research. Psychological Science, 19, 947-956. doi:10.1111/ j.1467-9280.2008.02181.x
49. Munafo', M. R., Durrant, C., Lewis, G., & Flint, J. (2009). Gene x environment interactions at the serotonin transporter locus. Biological Psychiatry, 65, 211-219. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.009
50. Neumeister, A., Young, T., & Stastny, J. (2004). Implications of genetic research on the role of the serotonin in depression: Emphasis on the serotonin type 1A receptor and the serotonin transporter. Psychopharmacology, 174, 512-524. doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1950-3
51. Potthoff, J. G., Holahan, C. J., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (1995). Reassurance seeking, stress generation, and depressive symptoms: An integrative model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 664-670. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.664
52. Poulton, R. G., & Andrews, G. (1992). Personality as a cause of adverse life events. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 85, 35-38. doi:10.1111/ j.1600-0447.1992.tb01439.x
53. Rudolph, K. D., & Hammen, C. (1999). Age and gender as determinants of stress exposure, generation, and reactions in youngsters: A transactional perspective. Child Development, 70, 660 - 677. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00048
54. Safford, S. M., Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., & Crossfield, A. G. (2007). Negative cognitive style as a predictor of negative life events in depression-prone individuals: A test of the stress generation hypothesis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 99, 147. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.09.003
55. Saudino, K. J., Pedersen, N. L., Lichtenstein, P., McClearn, G. E., & Plomin, R. (1997). Can personality explain genetic influences on life events? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 196-206. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.1.196
56. Schinka, J. A., Busch, R. M., & Robichaux-Keene, N. (2004). A metaanalysis of the association between the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and trait anxiety. Molecular Psychiatry, 9, 197- 202. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001405
57. Sen, S., Burmeister, M., & Ghosh, D. (2004). Meta-analysis of the association between a serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and anxiety-related personality traits. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 127B, 85-89. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.20158
58. Shih, J., Eberhart, N., Hammen, C., & Brennan, P. (2006). Differential exposure and reactivity to interpersonal stress predict sex differences in adolescent depression. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 103-115. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3501_9
59. Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Gibbon, M., & First, M. (1995). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV).Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
60. Way, B. M., & Taylor, S. E. (2010). Social influences on health: Is serotonin a critical mediator? Psychosomatic Medicine, 72, 107-112. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181ce6a7d
61. Wendland, J. R., Martin, B. J., Kruse, M. R., Lesch, K. P., & Murphy, D. L. (2006). Simultaneous genotyping of four functional loci of human SLC6A4, with a reappraisal of 5-HTTLPR and rs25531. Molecular Psychiatry, 11, 224-226. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001789
62. Willis-Owen, S. A. G., Turri, M. G., Munafu', M. R., Surtees, P. G., Wainwright, N. W. J., Brixey, R. D., & Flint, J. (2005). The serotonin transporter length polymorphism, neuroticism, and depression: A comprehensive assessment of association. Biological Psychiatry, 58, 451- 456. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.050