Harnessing the power of crowds: Crowdsourcing as a novel research method for evaluation of acne treatments

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology

Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 405-416

  Armstrong, April W ^a   Cheeney, Safia ^b   Wu, Julie ^a   Harskamp, Caitlin T ^a   Schupp, Clayton W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

Acne; Data collection

Indexed keywords

BENZOYL PEROXIDE; BENZOYL PEROXIDE PLUS CLINDAMYCIN; CLINDAMYCIN; COSMETIC; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DOXYCYCLINE; ISOTRETINOIN; ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE AGENT; RETINOIC ACID; SALICYLIC ACID; TEA TREE OIL; TETRACYCLINE;

ACNE; ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CROWDING; DATA COLLECTION METHOD; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG RESPONSE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; INTERNET; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; ONLINE ANALYSIS; ONLINE SYSTEM; PEER REVIEW; PHOTOTHERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; STANDARDIZATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ACNE VULGARIS; ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; CROWDSOURCING; DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS; HUMANS; PHOTOTHERAPY; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TRETINOIN;

EID: 84867427389     PISSN: 11750561     EISSN: 11791888     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/11634040-000000000-00000     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Horowitz CR, Brenner BL, Lachapelle S, et al. Effective recruitment of minority populations through community-led strategies. Am J Prev Med 2009 Dec; 37 (6 Suppl. 1): S195-200
2. Ejiogu N, Norbeck JH, Mason MA, et al. Recruitment and retention strategies for minority or poor clinical research participants: Lessons from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. Gerontologist 2011 Jun; 51 Suppl. 1: S33-45
3. Adams SA. Sourcing the crowd for health services improvement: The reflexive patient and 'share-your-experience' websites. Soc Sci Med 2011 Apr; 72 (7): 1069-76
4. Scoble R, Israel S. Naked conversations: How blogs are changing the way businesses talk with customers. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006
5. Behrend TS, Sharek DJ, Meade AW, et al. The viability of crowdsourcing for survey research. Behav Res Methods 2011; 43 (3): 800-13
6. Bradley JC, Lancashire RJ, Lang AS, et al. The spectral game: Leveraging open data and crowdsourcing for education. J Cheminform 2009; 1: 9
7. Ekins S, Williams AJ. Reaching out to collaborators: Crowdsourcing for pharmaceutical research. Pharm Res 2010 Mar; 27 (3): 393-5
8. Johnston SC, Hauser SL. Crowdsourcing scientific innovation. Ann Neurol 2009 Jun; 65 (6): A7-8
9. Norman TC, Bountra C, Edwards AM, et al. Leveraging crowdsourcing to facilitate the discovery of new medicines. Sci Transl Med 2011 Jun 22; 3 (88): 88mr1
10. Prainsack B, Wolinsky H. Direct-to-consumer genome testing: Opportunities for pharmacogenomics research? Pharmacogenomics 2010 May; 11 (5): 651-5
11. Thurzo A, Stanko P, Urbanova W, et al. The WEB 2.0 induced paradigm shift in the e-learning and the role of crowdsourcing in dental education. Bratisl Lek Listy 2010; 111 (3): 168-75
12. Whitla P. Crowdsourcing and its application in marketing activities. Contemp Manage Res 2009; 5 (1): 15-28
13. Schmidt L. Crowdsourcing for human subjects research. San Francisco (CA): CrowdConf, 2010
14. Stern RS. Acne therapy: Medication use and sources of care in office-based practice. Arch Dermatol 1996 Jul; 132 (7): 776-80
15. Collier CN, Harper JC, Cafardi JA, et al. The prevalence of acne in adults 20 years and older. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008 Jan; 58 (1): 56-9
16. Kim RH, Armstrong AW. Current state of acne treatment: Highlighting lasers, photodynamic therapy, and chemical peels. Dermatol Online J 2011; 17 (3): 2
17. Carmichael A, Reda D. CureTogether 2011 [online]. Available from URL: Http://curetogether.com/home/conditions [Accessed 2011 Sep 1]
18. Chu A, Huber FJ, Plott RT. The comparative efficacy of benzoyl peroxide 5%/erythromycin 3% gel and erythromycin 4%/zinc 1.2% solution in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 1997 Feb; 136 (2): 235-8
19. Kraft J, Freiman A. Management of acne. CMAJ 2011 Apr 19; 183 (7): E430-5
20. Imahiyerobo-Ip JI, Dinulos JG. Changing the topography of acne with topical medications. Curr Opin Pediatr 2011 Feb; 23 (1): 121-5
21. Hsu P, Litman GI, Brodell RT. Overview of the treatment of acne vulgaris with topical retinoids. Postgrad Med 2011 May; 123 (3): 153-61
22. Cunliffe WJ, Poncet M, Loesche C, et al. A comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of adapalene 0.1% gel versus tretinoin 0.025% gel in patients with acne vulgaris: A meta-analysis of five randomized trials. Br J Dermatol 1998 Oct; 139 Suppl. 52: 48-56
23. Leyden JJ, Tanghetti EA, Miller B, et al. Once-daily tazarotene 0.1%gel versus once-daily tretinoin 0.1% microsponge gel for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris: A double-blind randomized trial. Cutis 2002 Feb; 69 (2 Suppl.): 12-9
24. Lucky AW, Cullen SI, Funicella T, et al. Double-blind, vehicle-controlled, multicenter comparison of two 0.025% tretinoin creams in patients with acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998 Apr; 38 (4): S24-30
25. Mills Jr OH, Kligman AM, Pochi P, et al. Comparing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% benzoyl peroxide on inflammatory acne vulgaris. Int J Dermatol 1986 Dec; 25 (10): 664-7
26. Haider A, Shaw JC. Treatment of acne vulgaris. JAMA 2004 Aug 11; 292 (6): 726-35
27. Lesher Jr JL, Chalker DK, Smith Jr JG, et al. An evaluation of a 2% erythromycin ointment in the topical therapy of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985 Mar; 12 (3): 526-31
28. Becker LE, Bergstresser PR, Whiting DA, et al. Topical clindamycin therapy for acne vulgaris: A cooperative clinical study. Arch Dermatol 1981 Aug; 117 (8): 482-5
29. Lookingbill DP, Chalker DK, Lindholm JS, et al. Treatment of acne with a combination clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide gel compared with clindamycin gel, benzoyl peroxide gel and vehicle gel: Combined results of two double-blind investigations. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997 Oct; 37 (4): 590-5
30. Reuter J, Merfort I, Schempp CM. Botanicals in dermatology: An evidencebased review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2010; 11 (4): 247-67
31. Enshaieh S, Jooya A, Siadat AH, et al. The efficacy of 5% topical tea tree oil gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2007 Jan-Feb; 73 (1): 22-5
32. Strauss JS, Leyden JJ, Lucky AW, et al. A randomized trial of the efficacy of a new micronized formulation versus a standard formulation of isotretinoin in patients with severe recalcitrant nodular acne. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001 Aug; 45 (2): 187-95
33. Braathen LR. Topical clindamycin versus oral tetracycline and placebo in acne vulgaris. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1984; 43: 71-5
34. Skidmore R, Kovach R, Walker C, et al. Effects of subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline in the treatment of moderate acne. Arch Dermatol 2003 Apr; 139 (4): 459-64
35. Leyden J, Shalita A, Hordinsky M, et al. Efficacy of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 microg of levonorgestrel for the treatment of moderate acne: A randomized, placebocontrolled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002 Sep; 47 (3): 399-409
36. Hongcharu W, Taylor CR, Chang Y, et al. Topical ALA-photodynamic therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol 2000 Aug; 115 (2): 183-92
37. Bowe WP, Joshi SS, Shalita AR. Diet and acne. J AmAcad Dermatol 2010 Jul; 63 (1): 124-41
38. Seidler EM, Kimball AB. Meta-analysis comparing efficacy of benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, benzoyl peroxide with salicylic acid, and combination benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin in acne. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010 Jul; 63 (1): 52-62
39. Touitou E, Godin B, Shumilov M, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of clindamycin phosphate and salicylic acid gel in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008 May; 22 (5): 629-31
40. Plewig G, Holland KT, Nenoff P. Clinical and bacteriological evaluation of nadifloxacin 1% cream in patients with acne vulgaris: A double-blind, phase III comparison study versus erythromycin 2% cream. Eur J Dermatol 2006 Jan-Feb; 16 (1): 48-55
41. NilFroushzadeh MA, Siadat AH, Baradaran EH, et al. Clindamycin lotion alone versus combination lotion of clindamycin phosphate plus tretinoin versus combination lotion of clindamycin phosphate plus salicylic acid in the topical treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris: A randomized control trial. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2009 May-Jun; 75 (3): 279-82
42. Peck GL, Olsen TG, Butkus D, et al. Isotretinoin versus placebo in the treatment of cystic acne: A randomized double-blind study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982 Apr; 6 (4 Pt 2 Suppl.): 735-45
43. Blaney DJ, Cook CH. Topical use of tetracycline in the treatment of acne: A double-blind study comparing topical and oral tetracycline therapy and placebo. Arch Dermatol 1976 Jul; 112 (7): 971-3
44. Rapaport M, Puhvel SM, Reisner RM. Evaluation of topical erythromycin and oral tetracycline in acne vulgaris. Cutis 1982 Jul; 30 (1): 122-6, 30, 32-5
45. Arowojolu AO, Gallo MF, Lopez LM, et al. Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; (3): CD004425
46. Zahradnik HP, Goldberg J, Andreas JO. Efficacy and safety of the new antiandrogenic oral contraceptive Belara. Contraception 1998 Feb; 57 (2): 103-9
47. Plewig G, Cunliffe WJ, Binder N, et al. Efficacy of an oral contraceptive containing EE 0.03 mg andCMA2mg (Belara) in moderate acne resolution: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Contraception 2009 Jul; 80 (1): 25-33
48. Lucky AW, Henderson TA, Olson WH, et al. Effectiveness of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in treating moderate acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997 Nov; 37 (5 Pt 1): 746-54
49. Kokandi A. Evaluation of acne quality of life and clinical severity in acne female adults. Dermatol Res Pract 2010; 2010: 410809
50. Doshi A, Zaheer A, Stiller MJ. A comparison of current acne grading systems and proposal of a novel system. Int J Dermatol 1997 Jun; 36 (6): 416-8