메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 1101-1112

Vitamin D in multiple sclerosis: Implications for assessment and treatment

Author keywords

assessment; etiology; immunology; multiple sclerosis; pathogenesis; treatment; vitamin D

Indexed keywords

25 HYDROXYVITAMIN D; COLECALCIFEROL; FISH OIL; VITAMIN D; VITAMIN D RECEPTOR;

EID: 84867313632     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: 17448360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/ern.12.99     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (17)

References (137)
  • 1
    • 79952830537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis
    • Ramagopalan SV, Sadovnick AD. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol. Clin. 29(2), 207-217 (2011).
    • (2011) Neurol. Clin. , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-217
    • Ramagopalan, S.V.1    Sadovnick, A.D.2
  • 2
    • 76949120341 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis in rural Norway its geographic and occupational incidence in relation to nutrition
    • Swank RL, Lerstad O, Stroøm A, Backer J. Multiple sclerosis in rural Norway its geographic and occupational incidence in relation to nutrition. N. Engl. J. Med. 246(19), 722-728 (1952).
    • (1952) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.246 , Issue.19 , pp. 722-728
    • Swank, R.L.1    Lerstad, O.2    Stroøm, A.3    Backer, J.4
  • 3
    • 0016209011 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Vitamin D and calcium as environmental determinants of prevalence
    • Goldberg D. Multiple sclerosis: vitamin D and calcium as environmental determinants of prevalence. Int. J. Environ. Stud. 6, 19-27 (1974).
    • (1974) Int. J. Environ. Stud. , vol.6 , pp. 19-27
    • Goldberg, D.1
  • 4
    • 0022969013 scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis: Decreased relapse rate through dietary supplementation with calcium, magnesium and vitamin D
    • Goldberg P, Fleming MC, Picard EH. Multiple sclerosis: decreased relapse rate through dietary supplementation with calcium, magnesium and vitamin D. Med. Hypotheses 21(2), 193-200 (1986).
    • (1986) Med. Hypotheses , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-200
    • Goldberg, P.1    Fleming, M.C.2    Picard, E.H.3
  • 5
    • 0020517536 scopus 로고
    • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in human leukocytes
    • Provvedini DM, Tsoukas CD, Deftos LJ, Manolagas SC. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in human leukocytes. Science 221(4616), 1181-1183 (1983).
    • (1983) Science , vol.221 , Issue.4616 , pp. 1181-1183
    • Provvedini, D.M.1    Tsoukas, C.D.2    Deftos, L.J.3    Manolagas, S.C.4
  • 6
    • 0021271732 scopus 로고
    • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: A novel immunoregulatory hormone
    • Tsoukas CD, Provvedini DM, Manolagas SC. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a novel immunoregulatory hormone. Science 224(4656), 1438-1440 (1984).
    • (1984) Science , vol.224 , Issue.4656 , pp. 1438-1440
    • Tsoukas, C.D.1    Provvedini, D.M.2    Manolagas, S.C.3
  • 8
  • 11
    • 82555176755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention and treatment of MS: Studying the effects of vitamin D
    • Munger KL, Ascherio A. Prevention and treatment of MS: studying the effects of vitamin D. Mult. Scler. 17(12), 1405-1411 (2011).
    • (2011) Mult. Scler. , vol.17 , Issue.12 , pp. 1405-1411
    • Munger, K.L.1    Ascherio, A.2
  • 12
  • 13
    • 82955236170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of high-dose vitamin D2 in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Stein MS, Liu Y, Gray OM et al. A randomized trial of high-dose vitamin D2 in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurology 77(17), 1611-1618 (2011).
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , Issue.17 , pp. 1611-1618
    • Stein, M.S.1    Liu, Y.2    Gray, O.M.3
  • 15
    • 81255152070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of vitamin D(3) as add-on therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis receiving subcutaneous interferon ?-1a: A Phase II, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trial
    • Smolders J, Hupperts R, Barkhof F et al. Efficacy of vitamin D(3) as add-on therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis receiving subcutaneous interferon ?-1a: a Phase II, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trial. J. Neurol. Sci. 311(1-2), 44-49 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.311 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 44-49
    • Smolders, J.1    Hupperts, R.2    Barkhof, F.3
  • 16
    • 84887844827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in multiple sclerosis (EVIDIMS trial): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
    • Dörr J, Ohlraun S, Skarabis H, Paul F. Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in multiple sclerosis (EVIDIMS trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 13, 15 (2012).
    • (2012) Trials , vol.13 , pp. 15
    • Dörr, J.1    Ohlraun, S.2    Skarabis, H.3    Paul, F.4
  • 17
    • 0032956135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety
    • Vieth R. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69(5), 842-856 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.69 , Issue.5 , pp. 842-856
    • Vieth, R.1
  • 19
    • 0033786061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The multifunctional properties and characteristics of vitamin D-binding protein
    • White P, Cooke N. The multifunctional properties and characteristics of vitamin D-binding protein. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 11(8), 320-327 (2000).
    • (2000) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 320-327
    • White, P.1    Cooke, N.2
  • 20
    • 45749157486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3: Relation to circulating vitamin D3 under various input conditions
    • Heaney RP, Armas LA, Shary JR, Bell NH, Binkley N, Hollis BW. 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3: relation to circulating vitamin D3 under various input conditions. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87(6), 1738-1742 (2008).
    • (2008) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.87 , Issue.6 , pp. 1738-1742
    • Heaney, R.P.1    Armas, L.A.2    Shary, J.R.3    Bell, N.H.4    Binkley, N.5    Hollis, B.W.6
  • 21
    • 0030029957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of vitamin D nutritional and hormonal status: What to measure and how to do it
    • Hollis BW. Assessment of vitamin D nutritional and hormonal status: what to measure and how to do it. Calcif. Tissue Int. 58(1), 4-5 (1996).
    • (1996) Calcif. Tissue Int. , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-5
    • Hollis, B.W.1
  • 22
    • 8544284075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymes involved in the activation and inactivation of vitamin D
    • Prosser DE, Jones G. Enzymes involved in the activation and inactivation of vitamin D. Trends Biochem. Sci. 29(12), 664-673 (2004).
    • (2004) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.29 , Issue.12 , pp. 664-673
    • Prosser, D.E.1    Jones, G.2
  • 23
    • 33744784615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D physiology
    • Lips P. Vitamin D physiology. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 92(1), 4-8 (2006).
    • (2006) Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-8
    • Lips, P.1
  • 24
    • 0021356521 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of vitamin D metabolites in anephric subjects
    • Jongen MJ, van der Vijgh WJ, Lips P, Netelenbos JC. Measurement of vitamin D metabolites in anephric subjects. Nephron 36(4), 230-234 (1984).
    • (1984) Nephron , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 230-234
    • Jongen, M.J.1    Van Der Vijgh, W.J.2    Lips, P.3    Netelenbos, J.C.4
  • 25
    • 0035092887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extrarenal expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin d(3)-1 alphahydroxylase
    • Zehnder D, Bland R, Williams MC et al. Extrarenal expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin d(3)-1 alphahydroxylase. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86(2), 888-894 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.86 , Issue.2 , pp. 888-894
    • Zehnder, D.1    Bland, R.2    Williams, M.C.3
  • 26
    • 0031892913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nuclear vitamin D receptor: Biological and molecular regulatory properties revealed
    • Haussler MR, Whitfield GK, Haussler CA et al. The nuclear vitamin D receptor: biological and molecular regulatory properties revealed. J. Bone Miner. Res. 13(3), 325-349 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Bone Miner. Res. , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-349
    • Haussler, M.R.1    Whitfield, G.K.2    Haussler, C.A.3
  • 27
    • 84866117980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D and disease activity in multiple sclerosis before and during interferon-b treatment
    • Loøken-Amsrud KI, Holmoøy T, Bakke SJ et al. Vitamin D and disease activity in multiple sclerosis before and during interferon-b treatment. Neurology 79(3), 267-273 (2012).
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.79 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-273
    • Loøken-Amsrud, K.I.1    Holmoøy, T.2    Bakke, S.J.3
  • 28
    • 78649536500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations fluctuate seasonally in young adults of diverse ancestry living in Toronto
    • Gozdzik A, Barta JL, Weir A et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations fluctuate seasonally in young adults of diverse ancestry living in Toronto. J. Nutr. 140(12), 2213-2220 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Nutr. , vol.140 , Issue.12 , pp. 2213-2220
    • Gozdzik, A.1    Barta, J.L.2    Weir, A.3
  • 29
    • 0000241517 scopus 로고
    • Some comments on the relationship of the distribution of multiple sclerosis to latitude, solar radiation, and other variables
    • Acheson ED, Bachrach CA, Wright FM. Some comments on the relationship of the distribution of multiple sclerosis to latitude, solar radiation, and other variables. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. 35(147), 132-147 (1960).
    • (1960) Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. , vol.35 , Issue.147 , pp. 132-147
    • Acheson, E.D.1    Bachrach, C.A.2    Wright, F.M.3
  • 30
    • 0014040680 scopus 로고
    • On the fine structure of the distribution of multiple sclerosis
    • Kurtzke JF. On the fine structure of the distribution of multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol. Scand. 43(3), 257-282 (1967).
    • (1967) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-282
    • Kurtzke, J.F.1
  • 31
    • 81255159020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why does the north-south gradient of incidence of multiple sclerosis seem to have disappeared on the northern hemisphere?
    • Koch-Henriksen N, Sorensen PS. Why does the north-south gradient of incidence of multiple sclerosis seem to have disappeared on the northern hemisphere? J. Neurol. Sci. 311(1-2), 58-63 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.311 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 58-63
    • Koch-Henriksen, N.1    Sorensen, P.S.2
  • 33
    • 0034005675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The age-range of risk of developing multiple sclerosis: Evidence from a migrant population in Australia
    • Hammond SR, English DR, McLeod JG. The age-range of risk of developing multiple sclerosis: evidence from a migrant population in Australia. Brain 123(Pt 5), 968-974 (2000).
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.PART. 5 , pp. 968-974
    • Hammond, S.R.1    English, D.R.2    McLeod, J.G.3
  • 34
    • 33947601619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outdoor activities and diet in childhood and adolescence relate to MS risk above the Arctic Circle
    • Kampman MT, Wilsgaard T, Mellgren SI. Outdoor activities and diet in childhood and adolescence relate to MS risk above the Arctic Circle. J. Neurol. 254(4), 471-477 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Neurol. , vol.254 , Issue.4 , pp. 471-477
    • Kampman, M.T.1    Wilsgaard, T.2    Mellgren, S.I.3
  • 35
    • 0042634407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Past exposure to sun, skin phenotype, and risk of multiple sclerosis: Case-control study
    • van der Mei IA, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T et al. Past exposure to sun, skin phenotype, and risk of multiple sclerosis: case-control study. BMJ 327(7410), 316 (2003).
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , Issue.7410 , pp. 316
    • Van Der Mei, I.A.1    Ponsonby, A.L.2    Dwyer, T.3
  • 37
    • 79951480055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of UV radiation with multiple sclerosis prevalence and sex ratio in France
    • Orton SM, Wald L, Confavreux C et al. Association of UV radiation with multiple sclerosis prevalence and sex ratio in France. Neurology 76(5), 425-431 (2011).
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , Issue.5 , pp. 425-431
    • Orton, S.M.1    Wald, L.2    Confavreux, C.3
  • 38
    • 69549122678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining multiple sclerosis prevalence by ultraviolet exposure: A geospatial analysis
    • Beretich BD, Beretich TM. Explaining multiple sclerosis prevalence by ultraviolet exposure: a geospatial analysis. Mult. Scler. 15(8), 891-898 (2009).
    • (2009) Mult. Scler. , vol.15 , Issue.8 , pp. 891-898
    • Beretich, B.D.1    Beretich, T.M.2
  • 39
    • 77950910418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UV radiation suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis independent of vitamin D production
    • Becklund BR, Severson KS, Vang SV, DeLuca HF. UV radiation suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis independent of vitamin D production. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107(14), 6418-6423 (2010).
    • (2010) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.107 , Issue.14 , pp. 6418-6423
    • Becklund, B.R.1    Severson, K.S.2    Vang, S.V.3    Deluca, H.F.4
  • 40
    • 33845720114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis
    • Munger KL, Levin LI, Hollis BW, Howard NS, Ascherio A. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and risk of multiple sclerosis. JAMA 296(23), 2832-2838 (2006).
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , Issue.23 , pp. 2832-2838
    • Munger, K.L.1    Levin, L.I.2    Hollis, B.W.3    Howard, N.S.4    Ascherio, A.5
  • 41
    • 0345830740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis
    • Munger KL, Zhang SM, O'Reilly E et al. Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 62(1), 60-65 (2004).
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-65
    • Munger, K.L.1    Zhang, S.M.2    O'reilly, E.3
  • 42
    • 80051524717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low bone mass in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome
    • Moen SM, Celius EG, Sandvik L, Nordsletten L, Eriksen EF, Holmoøy T. Low bone mass in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome. Neurology 77(2), 151-157 (2011).
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-157
    • Moen, S.M.1    Celius, E.G.2    Sandvik, L.3    Nordsletten, L.4    Eriksen, E.F.5    Holmoøy, T.6
  • 43
    • 79951605437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun exposure and vitamin D are independent risk factors for CNS demyelination
    • Lucas RM, Ponsonby AL, Dear K et al. Sun exposure and vitamin D are independent risk factors for CNS demyelination. Neurology 76(6), 540-548 (2011).
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , Issue.6 , pp. 540-548
    • Lucas, R.M.1    Ponsonby, A.L.2    Dear, K.3
  • 44
    • 12344314461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of birth and risk of multiple sclerosis: Population based study
    • Willer CJ, Dyment DA, Sadovnick AD, Rothwell PM, Murray TJ, Ebers GC; Canadian Collaborative Study Group. Timing of birth and risk of multiple sclerosis: population based study. BMJ 330(7483), 120 (2005).
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.330 , Issue.7483 , pp. 120
    • Willer, C.J.1    Dyment, D.A.2    Sadovnick, A.D.3    Rothwell, P.M.4    Murray, T.J.5    Ebers, G.C.6
  • 45
    • 77953939899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low maternal exposure to ultraviolet radiation in pregnancy, month of birth, and risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring: Longitudinal analysis
    • Staples J, Ponsonby AL, Lim L. Low maternal exposure to ultraviolet radiation in pregnancy, month of birth, and risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring: longitudinal analysis. BMJ 340, c1640 (2010).
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340
    • Staples, J.1    Ponsonby, A.L.2    Lim, L.3
  • 46
    • 79958230860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestational vitamin D and the risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring
    • Mirzaei F, Michels KB, Munger K et al. Gestational vitamin D and the risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring. Ann. Neurol. 70(1), 30-40 (2011).
    • (2011) Ann. Neurol. , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-40
    • Mirzaei, F.1    Michels, K.B.2    Munger, K.3
  • 47
    • 84855584954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and multiple sclerosis risk: A meta-analysis of case-control studies
    • Huang J, Xie ZF. Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and multiple sclerosis risk: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. J. Neurol. Sci. 313(1-2), 79-85 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.313 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 79-85
    • Huang, J.1    Xie, Z.F.2
  • 49
    • 80051684615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
    • Sawcer S, Hellenthal G, Pirinen M et al.; International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium; Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium 2. Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis. Nature 476(7359), 214-219 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.476 , Issue.7359 , pp. 214-219
    • Sawcer, S.1    Hellenthal, G.2    Pirinen, M.3
  • 50
    • 45149115037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D-dependent rickets as a possible risk factor for multiple sclerosis
    • Torkildsen Oø, Knappskog PM, Nyland HI, Myhr KM. Vitamin D-dependent rickets as a possible risk factor for multiple sclerosis. Arch. Neurol. 65(6), 809-811 (2008).
    • (2008) Arch. Neurol. , vol.65 , Issue.6 , pp. 809-811
    • Torkildsen, Oø.1    Knappskog, P.M.2    Nyland, H.I.3    Myhr, K.M.4
  • 51
    • 84255175933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rare variant the CYP27B1 gene are associated with multiple sclerosis
    • Ramagopalan SV, Dyment DA, Cader MZ et al. Rare variant the CYP27B1 gene are associated with multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 70(6), 881-886 (2008).
    • (2008) Ann. Neurol. , vol.70 , Issue.6 , pp. 881-886
    • Ramagopalan, S.V.1    Dyment, D.A.2    Cader, M.Z.3
  • 52
    • 84855968759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: An interaction between genes and environment
    • Handel AE, Ramagopalan SV. Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: an interaction between genes and environment. Mult. Scler. 18(1), 2-4 (2012).
    • (2012) Mult. Scler. , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-4
    • Handel, A.E.1    Ramagopalan, S.V.2
  • 53
    • 61449102631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of the multiple sclerosis-associated MHC class II allele HLA-DRB1*1501 is regulated by vitamin D
    • Ramagopalan SV, Maugeri NJ, Handunnetthi L et al. Expression of the multiple sclerosis-associated MHC class II allele HLA-DRB1*1501 is regulated by vitamin D. PLoS Genet. 5(2), e1000369 (2009).
    • (2009) PLoS Genet. , vol.5 , Issue.2
    • Ramagopalan, S.V.1    Maugeri, N.J.2    Handunnetthi, L.3
  • 54
    • 80052771713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene SNPs influence VDR expression and modulate protection from multiple sclerosis in HLA-DRB1*15-positive individuals
    • Agliardi C, Guerini FR, Saresella M et al. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene SNPs influence VDR expression and modulate protection from multiple sclerosis in HLA-DRB1*15-positive individuals. Brain Behav. Immun. 25(7), 1460-1467 (2011).
    • (2011) Brain Behav. Immun. , vol.25 , Issue.7 , pp. 1460-1467
    • Agliardi, C.1    Guerini, F.R.2    Saresella, M.3
  • 55
    • 84855930078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential association of vitamin D receptor polymorphism Taq1 with multiple sclerosis
    • Cox MB, Ban M, Bowden NA, Baker A, Scott RJ, Lechner-Scott J. Potential association of vitamin D receptor polymorphism Taq1 with multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 18(1), 16-22 (2012).
    • (2012) Mult. Scler. , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-22
    • Cox, M.B.1    Ban, M.2    Bowden, N.A.3    Baker, A.4    Scott, R.J.5    Lechner-Scott, J.6
  • 56
    • 84862328428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sunlight is associated with decreased multiple sclerosis risk: No interaction with human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*15
    • Bäärnhielm M, Hedström AK, Kockum I et al. Sunlight is associated with decreased multiple sclerosis risk: no interaction with human leukocyte antigen-DRB1*15. Eur. J. Neurol. 19(7), 955-962 (2012).
    • (2012) Eur. J. Neurol. , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 955-962
    • Bäärnhielm, M.1    Hedström, A.K.2    Kockum, I.3
  • 58
    • 71449103001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D, a neuro-immunomodulator: Implications for neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases
    • Fernandes de Abreu DA, Eyles D, Féron F. Vitamin D, a neuro-immunomodulator: implications for neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34(Suppl. 1), S265-S277 (2009).
    • (2009) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Fernandes De Abreu, D.A.1    Eyles, D.2    Féron, F.3
  • 59
    • 39849095055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D as an immune modulator in multiple sclerosis, a review
    • Smolders J, Damoiseaux J, Menheere P, Hupperts R. Vitamin D as an immune modulator in multiple sclerosis, a review. J. Neuroimmunol. 194(1-2), 7-17 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.194 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 7-17
    • Smolders, J.1    Damoiseaux, J.2    Menheere, P.3    Hupperts, R.4
  • 60
    • 79952661796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D as a T-cell modulator in multiple sclerosis
    • Smolders J, Damoiseaux J. Vitamin D as a T-cell modulator in multiple sclerosis. Vitam. Horm. 86, 401-428 (2011).
    • (2011) Vitam. Horm. , vol.86 , pp. 401-428
    • Smolders, J.1    Damoiseaux, J.2
  • 62
    • 34247890248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DCs metabolize sunlight-induced vitamin D3 to 'program' T cell attraction to the epidermal chemokine CCL27
    • Sigmundsdottir H, Pan J, Debes GF et al. DCs metabolize sunlight-induced vitamin D3 to 'program' T cell attraction to the epidermal chemokine CCL27. Nat. Immunol. 8(3), 285-293 (2007).
    • (2007) Nat. Immunol. , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 285-293
    • Sigmundsdottir, H.1    Pan, J.2    Debes, G.F.3
  • 63
    • 34548637038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human B cell differentiation
    • Chen S, Sims GP, Chen XX, Gu YY, Chen S, Lipsky PE. Modulatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human B cell differentiation. J. Immunol. 179(3), 1634-1647 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Immunol. , vol.179 , Issue.3 , pp. 1634-1647
    • Chen, S.1    Sims, G.P.2    Chen, X.X.3    Gu, Y.Y.4    Chen, S.5    Lipsky, P.E.6
  • 64
    • 66549129834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis
    • Correale J, Ysrraelit MC, Gaitán MI. Immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in multiple sclerosis. Brain 132(Pt 5), 1146-1160 (2009).
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , Issue.PART. 5 , pp. 1146-1160
    • Correale, J.1    Ysrraelit, M.C.2    Gaitán, M.I.3
  • 65
    • 79953324326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D has a direct immunomodulatory effect on CD8+ T cells of patients with early multiple sclerosis and healthy control subjects
    • Lysandropoulos AP, Jaquiéry E, Jilek S, Pantaleo G, Schluep M, Du Pasquier RA. Vitamin D has a direct immunomodulatory effect on CD8+ T cells of patients with early multiple sclerosis and healthy control subjects. J. Neuroimmunol. 233(1-2), 240-244 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.233 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 240-244
    • Lysandropoulos, A.P.1    Jaquiéry, E.2    Jilek, S.3    Pantaleo, G.4    Schluep, M.5    Du Pasquier, R.A.6
  • 66
    • 51149119541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) promotes IL-10 production in human B cells
    • Heine G, Niesner U, Chang HD et al. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) promotes IL-10 production in human B cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 38(8), 2210-2218 (2008).
    • (2008) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.38 , Issue.8 , pp. 2210-2218
    • Heine, G.1    Niesner, U.2    Chang, H.D.3
  • 67
    • 0036306094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redirection of human autoreactive T-cells Upon interaction with dendritic cells modulated by TX527, an analog of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3)
    • van Halteren AG, van Etten E, de Jong EC, Bouillon R, Roep BO, Mathieu C. Redirection of human autoreactive T-cells Upon interaction with dendritic cells modulated by TX527, an analog of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D(3). Diabetes 51(7), 2119-2125 (2002).
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.7 , pp. 2119-2125
    • Van Halteren, A.G.1    Van Etten, E.2    De Jong, E.C.3    Bouillon, R.4    Roep, B.O.5    Mathieu, C.6
  • 68
    • 0029821239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reversibly blocks the progression of relapsing encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis
    • Cantorna MT, Hayes CE, DeLuca HF. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 reversibly blocks the progression of relapsing encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93(15), 7861-7864 (1996).
    • (1996) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , Issue.15 , pp. 7861-7864
    • Cantorna, M.T.1    Hayes, C.E.2    Deluca, H.F.3
  • 69
    • 24744443699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D3 confers protection from autoimmune encephalomyelitis only in female mice
    • Spach KM, Hayes CE. Vitamin D3 confers protection from autoimmune encephalomyelitis only in female mice. J. Immunol. 175(6), 4119-4126 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Immunol. , vol.175 , Issue.6 , pp. 4119-4126
    • Spach, K.M.1    Hayes, C.E.2
  • 70
    • 79951782445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts directly on the T lymphocyte vitamin D receptor to inhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Mayne CG, Spanier JA, Relland LM, Williams CB, Hayes CE. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts directly on the T lymphocyte vitamin D receptor to inhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Eur. J. Immunol. 41(3), 822-832 (2011).
    • (2011) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 822-832
    • Mayne, C.G.1    Spanier, J.A.2    Relland, L.M.3    Williams, C.B.4    Hayes, C.E.5
  • 71
    • 83555178479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Th17 expansion in MS patients is counterbalanced by an expanded CD39+ regulatory T cell population during remission but not during relapse
    • Peelen E, Damoiseaux J, Smolders J et al. Th17 expansion in MS patients is counterbalanced by an expanded CD39+ regulatory T cell population during remission but not during relapse. J. Neuroimmunol. 240-241, 97-103 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.240-241 , pp. 97-103
    • Peelen, E.1    Damoiseaux, J.2    Smolders, J.3
  • 72
    • 77954357437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory T cell function correlates with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, but not with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium levels in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
    • Smolders J, Menheere P, Thewissen M et al. Regulatory T cell function correlates with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, but not with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium levels in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 121(1-2), 243-246 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. , vol.121 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 243-246
    • Smolders, J.1    Menheere, P.2    Thewissen, M.3
  • 73
    • 68949140898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D status is positively correlated with regulatory T cell function in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Smolders J, Thewissen M, Peelen E et al. Vitamin D status is positively correlated with regulatory T cell function in patients with multiple sclerosis. PLoS ONE 4(8), e6635 (2009).
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4 , Issue.8
    • Smolders, J.1    Thewissen, M.2    Peelen, E.3
  • 74
    • 68049101203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral blood regulatory T cell measurements correlate with serum vitamin D levels in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Royal W 3rd, Mia Y, Li H, Naunton K. Peripheral blood regulatory T cell measurements correlate with serum vitamin D levels in patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 213(1-2), 135-141 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.213 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 135-141
    • Royal Iii, W.1    Mia, Y.2    Li, H.3    Naunton, K.4
  • 75
    • 0037223587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine profile in patients with multiple sclerosis following vitamin D supplementation
    • Mahon BD, Gordon SA, Cruz J, Cosman F, Cantorna MT. Cytokine profile in patients with multiple sclerosis following vitamin D supplementation. J. Neuroimmunol. 134(1-2), 128-132 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.134 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 128-132
    • Mahon, B.D.1    Gordon, S.A.2    Cruz, J.3    Cosman, F.4    Cantorna, M.T.5
  • 76
    • 77953328331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Phase I/II dose-escalation trial of vitamin D3 and calcium in multiple sclerosis
    • Burton JM, Kimball S, Vieth R et al. A Phase I/II dose-escalation trial of vitamin D3 and calcium in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 74(23), 1852-1859 (2010).
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , Issue.23 , pp. 1852-1859
    • Burton, J.M.1    Kimball, S.2    Vieth, R.3
  • 77
    • 80052528871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholecalciferol plus calcium suppresses abnormal PBMC reactivity in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Kimball S, Vieth R, Dosch HM et al. Cholecalciferol plus calcium suppresses abnormal PBMC reactivity in patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96(9), 2826-2834 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.96 , Issue.9 , pp. 2826-2834
    • Kimball, S.1    Vieth, R.2    Dosch, H.M.3
  • 78
    • 80054880898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in IL-10 producing B cells (Breg) in multiple sclerosis is accompanied by a reduced naïve/memory Breg ratio during a relapse but not in remission
    • Knippenberg S, Peelen E, Smolders J et al. Reduction in IL-10 producing B cells (Breg) in multiple sclerosis is accompanied by a reduced naïve/memory Breg ratio during a relapse but not in remission. J. Neuroimmunol. 239(1-2), 80-86 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.239 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 80-86
    • Knippenberg, S.1    Peelen, E.2    Smolders, J.3
  • 79
    • 80054942142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of vitamin D(3) supplementation on peripheral B cell differentiation and isotype switching in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Knippenberg S, Smolders J, Thewissen M et al. Effect of vitamin D(3) supplementation on peripheral B cell differentiation and isotype switching in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 17(12), 1418-1423 (2011).
    • (2011) Mult. Scler. , vol.17 , Issue.12 , pp. 1418-1423
    • Knippenberg, S.1    Smolders, J.2    Thewissen, M.3
  • 80
    • 67349216357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoimmune T cell responses in the central nervous system
    • Goverman J. Autoimmune T cell responses in the central nervous system. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9(6), 393-407 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 393-407
    • Goverman, J.1
  • 81
    • 83555179164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D sensitive EBNA-1 specific T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Lossius A, Vartdal F, Holmoy T. Vitamin D sensitive EBNA-1 specific T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Neuroimmunol. 240-241, 87-96 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.240-241 , pp. 87-96
    • Lossius, A.1    Vartdal, F.2    Holmoy, T.3
  • 82
    • 84860120851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal levels of vitamin D and IgG in multiple sclerosis
    • Holmoøy T, Lossius A, Gundersen TE et al. Intrathecal levels of vitamin D and IgG in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol. Scand. 125(6), e28-e31 (2012).
    • (2012) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.125 , Issue.6
    • Holmoøy, T.1    Lossius, A.2    Gundersen, T.E.3
  • 83
    • 81255135921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D in the healthy and inflamed central nervous system: Access and function
    • Smolders J, Moen SM, Damoiseaux J, Huitinga I, Holmoy T. Vitamin D in the healthy and inflamed central nervous system: access and function. J. Neurol. Sci. 311(1-2), 37-43 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.311 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 37-43
    • Smolders, J.1    Moen, S.M.2    Damoiseaux, J.3    Huitinga, I.4    Holmoy, T.5
  • 85
    • 0037441555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D3 inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide production by the EOC13 microglial cell line
    • Lefebvre DC, Montero-Menei CN, Bernard R, Couez D. Vitamin D3 inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide production by the EOC13 microglial cell line. J. Neurosci. Res. 71(4), 575-582 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.71 , Issue.4 , pp. 575-582
    • Lefebvre, D.C.1    Montero-Menei, C.N.2    Bernard, R.3    Couez, D.4
  • 86
    • 0029967006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of M-CSF, LIF, and TNF-alpha genes in normal and malignant rat glial cells: Regulation by lipopolysaccharide and vitamin D
    • Furman I, Baudet C, Brachet P. Differential expression of M-CSF, LIF, and TNF-alpha genes in normal and malignant rat glial cells: regulation by lipopolysaccharide and vitamin D. J. Neurosci. Res. 46(3), 360-366 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 360-366
    • Furman, I.1    Baudet, C.2    Brachet, P.3
  • 87
    • 0029825776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, an inducer of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
    • Naveilhan P, Neveu I, Wion D, Brachet P. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, an inducer of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Neuroreport 7(13), 2171-2175 (1996).
    • (1996) Neuroreport , vol.7 , Issue.13 , pp. 2171-2175
    • Naveilhan, P.1    Neveu, I.2    Wion, D.3    Brachet, P.4
  • 88
    • 0037986472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces nerve growth factor, promotes neurite outgrowth and inhibits mitosis in embryonic rat hippocampal neurons
    • Brown J, Bianco JI, McGrath JJ, Eyles DW. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces nerve growth factor, promotes neurite outgrowth and inhibits mitosis in embryonic rat hippocampal neurons. Neurosci. Lett. 343(2), 139-143 (2003).
    • (2003) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.343 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-143
    • Brown, J.1    Bianco, J.I.2    McGrath, J.J.3    Eyles, D.W.4
  • 89
    • 10044272155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of the vitamin D receptor and 1?-hydroxylase in human brain
    • Eyles DW, Smith S, Kinobe R, Hewison M, McGrath JJ. Distribution of the vitamin D receptor and 1?-hydroxylase in human brain. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 29(1), 21-30 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Chem. Neuroanat. , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-30
    • Eyles, D.W.1    Smith, S.2    Kinobe, R.3    Hewison, M.4    McGrath, J.J.5
  • 91
    • 70450195964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 25-hydroxyvitamin D in cerebrospinal fluid during relapse and remission of multiple sclerosis
    • Holmoøy T, Moen SM, Gundersen TA et al. 25-hydroxyvitamin D in cerebrospinal fluid during relapse and remission of multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 15(11), 1280-1285 (2009).
    • (2009) Mult. Scler. , vol.15 , Issue.11 , pp. 1280-1285
    • Holmoøy, T.1    Moen, S.M.2    Gundersen, T.A.3
  • 92
    • 38849171242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels indicate the importance of vitamin D and calcium homeostasis regulation in multiple sclerosis
    • Soilu-Hänninen M, Laaksonen M, Laitinen I, Erälinna JP, Lilius EM, Mononen I. A longitudinal study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and intact parathyroid hormone levels indicate the importance of vitamin D and calcium homeostasis regulation in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 79(2), 152-157 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. , vol.79 , Issue.2 , pp. 152-157
    • Soilu-Hänninen, M.1    Laaksonen, M.2    Laitinen, I.3    Erälinna, J.P.4    Lilius, E.M.5    Mononen, I.6
  • 93
    • 77955291052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower relapse risk in multiple sclerosis
    • Simpson S Jr, Taylor B, Blizzard L et al. Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower relapse risk in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 68(2), 193-203 (2010).
    • (2010) Ann. Neurol. , vol.68 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-203
    • Simpson Jr., S.1    Taylor, B.2    Blizzard, L.3
  • 94
    • 77951713604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D status is associated with relapse rate in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis
    • Mowry EM, Krupp LB, Milazzo M et al. Vitamin D status is associated with relapse rate in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 67(5), 618-624 (2010).
    • (2010) Ann. Neurol. , vol.67 , Issue.5 , pp. 618-624
    • Mowry, E.M.1    Krupp, L.B.2    Milazzo, M.3
  • 95
    • 34249079725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D levels in people with multiple sclerosis and community controls in Tasmania, Australia
    • van der Mei IA, Ponsonby AL, Dwyer T et al. Vitamin D levels in people with multiple sclerosis and community controls in Tasmania, Australia. J. Neurol. 254(5), 581-590 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Neurol. , vol.254 , Issue.5 , pp. 581-590
    • Van Der Mei, I.A.1    Ponsonby, A.L.2    Dwyer, T.3
  • 96
    • 59249106554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of vitamin D metabolite levels with relapse rate and disability in multiple sclerosis
    • Smolders J, Menheere P, Kessels A, Damoiseaux J, Hupperts R. Association of vitamin D metabolite levels with relapse rate and disability in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 14(9), 1220-1224 (2008).
    • (2008) Mult. Scler. , vol.14 , Issue.9 , pp. 1220-1224
    • Smolders, J.1    Menheere, P.2    Kessels, A.3    Damoiseaux, J.4    Hupperts, R.5
  • 97
    • 78751580274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D metabolites are associated with clinical and MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients
    • Weinstock-Guttman B, Zivadinov R, Qu J et al. Vitamin D metabolites are associated with clinical and MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 82(2), 189-195 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. , vol.82 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-195
    • Weinstock-Guttman, B.1    Zivadinov, R.2    Qu, J.3
  • 98
    • 79961101734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sun exposure, vitamin D intake and progression to disability among veterans with progressive multiple sclerosis
    • McDowell TY, Amr S, Culpepper WJ et al. Sun exposure, vitamin D intake and progression to disability among veterans with progressive multiple sclerosis. Neuroepidemiology 37(1), 52-57 (2011).
    • (2011) Neuroepidemiology , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-57
    • McDowell, T.Y.1    Amr, S.2    Culpepper, W.J.3
  • 99
    • 34248175780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of associations between disability in multiple sclerosis, skin type, gender and ultraviolet radiation
    • Woolmore JA, Stone M, Pye EM et al. Studies of associations between disability in multiple sclerosis, skin type, gender and ultraviolet radiation. Mult. Scler. 13(3), 369-375 (2007).
    • (2007) Mult. Scler. , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 369-375
    • Woolmore, J.A.1    Stone, M.2    Pye, E.M.3
  • 100
    • 0033961106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal fluctuations of gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis
    • Auer DP, Schumann EM, Kümpfel T, Gössl C, Trenkwalder C. Seasonal fluctuations of gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 47(2), 276-277 (2000).
    • (2000) Ann. Neurol. , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 276-277
    • Auer, D.P.1    Schumann, E.M.2    Kümpfel, T.3    Gössl, C.4    Trenkwalder, C.5
  • 101
    • 0033856680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D and seasonal fluctuations of gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis
    • Embry AF, Snowdon LR, Vieth R. Vitamin D and seasonal fluctuations of gadolinium-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging lesions in multiple sclerosis. Ann. Neurol. 48(2), 271-272 (2000).
    • (2000) Ann. Neurol. , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 271-272
    • Embry, A.F.1    Snowdon, L.R.2    Vieth, R.3
  • 103
    • 0033840807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary advice and n-3 supplementation in newly diagnosed MS patients
    • Nordvik I, Myhr KM, Nyland H, Bjerve KS. Effect of dietary advice and n-3 supplementation in newly diagnosed MS patients. Acta Neurol. Scand. 102(3), 143-149 (2000).
    • (2000) Acta Neurol. Scand. , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 143-149
    • Nordvik, I.1    Myhr, K.M.2    Nyland, H.3    Bjerve, K.S.4
  • 104
    • 79959601472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic effect of vitamin D3 in multiple sclerosis patients
    • Mosayebi G, Ghazavi A, Ghasami K, Jand Y, Kokhaei P. Therapeutic effect of vitamin D3 in multiple sclerosis patients. Immunol. Invest. 40(6), 627-639 (2011).
    • (2011) Immunol. Invest. , vol.40 , Issue.6 , pp. 627-639
    • Mosayebi, G.1    Ghazavi, A.2    Ghasami, K.3    Jand, Y.4    Kokhaei, P.5
  • 105
    • 84867286660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of adjunct low-dose vitamin D on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis progression: Preliminary findings of a randomized placebo-controlled trial
    • Shaygannejad V, Janghorbani M, Ashtari F, Dehghan H. Effects of adjunct low-dose vitamin D on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis progression: preliminary findings of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Mult. Scler. Int. 2012, 452541 (2012).
    • (2012) Mult. Scler. Int. , vol.2012 , pp. 452541
    • Shaygannejad, V.1    Janghorbani, M.2    Ashtari, F.3    Dehghan, H.4
  • 106
    • 84859612741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with vitamin D3 as an add on treatment to interferon b-1b in patients with multiple sclerosis
    • Soilu-Hänninen M, Aivo J, Lindström BM et al. A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with vitamin D3 as an add on treatment to interferon b-1b in patients with multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 83(5), 565-571 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. , vol.83 , Issue.5 , pp. 565-571
    • Soilu-Hänninen, M.1    Aivo, J.2    Lindström, B.M.3
  • 107
    • 84863600623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on relapses, disease progression, and measures of function in persons with multiple sclerosis: Exploratory outcomes from a double-blind randomised controlled trial
    • Kampman MT, Steffensen LH, Mellgren SI, Joørgensen L. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on relapses, disease progression, and measures of function in persons with multiple sclerosis: exploratory outcomes from a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Mult. Scler. 18(8), 1144-1151 (2012).
    • (2012) Mult. Scler. , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 1144-1151
    • Kampman, M.T.1    Steffensen, L.H.2    Mellgren, S.I.3    Joørgensen, L.4
  • 108
    • 80855152758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple sclerosis, a cause of secondary osteoporosis? What is the evidence and what are the clinical implications?
    • Kampman MT, Eriksen EF, Holmoøy T. Multiple sclerosis, a cause of secondary osteoporosis? What is the evidence and what are the clinical implications? Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 191, 44-49 (2011).
    • (2011) Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. , vol.191 , pp. 44-49
    • Kampman, M.T.1    Eriksen, E.F.2    Holmoøy, T.3
  • 109
    • 0028106832 scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in multiple sclerosis
    • Nieves J, Cosman F, Herbert J, Shen V, Lindsay R. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 44(9), 1687-1692 (1994).
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , Issue.9 , pp. 1687-1692
    • Nieves, J.1    Cosman, F.2    Herbert, J.3    Shen, V.4    Lindsay, R.5
  • 110
    • 84155165675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone health in multiple sclerosis
    • Gibson JC, Summers GD. Bone health in multiple sclerosis. Osteoporos. Int. 22(12), 2935-2949 (2011).
    • (2011) Osteoporos. Int. , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 2935-2949
    • Gibson, J.C.1    Summers, G.D.2
  • 111
    • 77956299584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoporosis in multiple sclerosis
    • Hearn AP, Silber E. Osteoporosis in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 16(9), 1031-1043 (2010).
    • (2010) Mult. Scler. , vol.16 , Issue.9 , pp. 1031-1043
    • Hearn, A.P.1    Silber, E.2
  • 112
    • 77951208250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors and prevalence of low bone mineral density in fully ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis
    • Steffensen LH, Mellgren SI, Kampman MT. Predictors and prevalence of low bone mineral density in fully ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 257(3), 410-418 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Neurol. , vol.257 , Issue.3 , pp. 410-418
    • Steffensen, L.H.1    Mellgren, S.I.2    Kampman, M.T.3
  • 113
    • 77955655050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in bone mineral density and bone metabolism markers in premenopausal women with multiple sclerosis and the relationship to clinical variables
    • Terzi T, Terzi M, Tander B, Cantürk F, Onar M. Changes in bone mineral density and bone metabolism markers in premenopausal women with multiple sclerosis and the relationship to clinical variables. J. Clin. Neurosci. 17(10), 1260-1264 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Clin. Neurosci. , vol.17 , Issue.10 , pp. 1260-1264
    • Terzi, T.1    Terzi, M.2    Tander, B.3    Cantürk, F.4    Onar, M.5
  • 114
    • 79960066334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The risk of fracture in patients with multiple sclerosis: The UK general practice research database
    • Bazelier MT, van Staa T, Uitdehaag BM et al. The risk of fracture in patients with multiple sclerosis: the UK general practice research database. J. Bone Miner. Res. 26(9), 2271-2279 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Bone Miner. Res. , vol.26 , Issue.9 , pp. 2271-2279
    • Bazelier, M.T.1    Van Staa, T.2    Uitdehaag, B.M.3
  • 115
    • 84860491050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of fractures in patients with multiple sclerosis: The Danish National Health Registers
    • Bazelier MT, de Vries F, Bentzen J et al. Incidence of fractures in patients with multiple sclerosis: the Danish National Health Registers. Mult. Scler. 18(5), 622-627 (2011).
    • (2011) Mult. Scler. , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 622-627
    • Bazelier, M.T.1    De Vries, F.2    Bentzen, J.3
  • 116
    • 84863561422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of fractures in patients with multiple sclerosis: A population-based cohort study
    • Bazelier MT, van Staa TP, Uitdehaag BM et al. Risk of fractures in patients with multiple sclerosis: a population-based cohort study. Neurology 78(24), 1967-1973 (2012).
    • (2012) Neurology , vol.78 , Issue.24 , pp. 1967-1973
    • Bazelier, M.T.1    Van Staa, T.P.2    Uitdehaag, B.M.3
  • 117
    • 79960074438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractures and falls in patients with newly diagnosed clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis
    • Moen SM, Celius EG, Nordsletten L, Holmoøy T. Fractures and falls in patients with newly diagnosed clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 191, 79-82 (2011).
    • (2011) Acta Neurol. Scand. Suppl. , vol.191 , pp. 79-82
    • Moen, S.M.1    Celius, E.G.2    Nordsletten, L.3    Holmoøy, T.4
  • 118
    • 33845970601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osteoporosis and its management
    • Poole KE, Compston JE. Osteoporosis and its management. BMJ 333(7581), 1251-1256 (2006).
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.333 , Issue.7581 , pp. 1251-1256
    • Poole, K.E.1    Compston, J.E.2
  • 119
    • 1242306698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of osteoporosis in men, premenopausal women, and children
    • Writing Group for the ISCD Position Development Conference.
    • Writing Group for the ISCD Position Development Conference. Diagnosis of osteoporosis in men, premenopausal women, and children. J. Clin. Densitom. 7(1), 17-26 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Clin. Densitom. , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-26
  • 120
    • 44649120398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO) European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
    • Kanis JA, Burlet N, Cooper C et al. European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos. Int. 19(4), 399-428 (2008).
    • (2008) Osteoporos. Int. , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 399-428
    • Kanis, J.A.1    Burlet, N.2    Cooper, C.3
  • 121
    • 79952050175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of 25 (OH) vitamin D serum levels in patients with multiple sclerosis and control group in Isfahan, Iran
    • Shaygannejad V, Golabchi K, Haghighi S, Dehghan H, Moshayedi A. A comparative study of 25 (OH) vitamin D serum levels in patients with multiple sclerosis and control group in Isfahan, Iran. Int. J. Prev. Med. 1(3), 195-201 (2010).
    • (2010) Int. J. Prev. Med. , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-201
    • Shaygannejad, V.1    Golabchi, K.2    Haghighi, S.3    Dehghan, H.4    Moshayedi, A.5
  • 122
    • 21044447778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mineral density in multiple sclerosis: Effect of ambulatory status and functional capacity
    • Ozgocmen S, Bulut S, Ilhan N, Gulkesen A, Ardicoglu O, Ozkan Y. Vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mineral density in multiple sclerosis: effect of ambulatory status and functional capacity. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 23(4), 309-313 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Bone Miner. Metab. , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 309-313
    • Ozgocmen, S.1    Bulut, S.2    Ilhan, N.3    Gulkesen, A.4    Ardicoglu, O.5    Ozkan, Y.6
  • 123
    • 79958124650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin D in African Americans with multiple sclerosis
    • Gelfand JM, Cree BA, McElroy J et al. Vitamin D in African Americans with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 76(21), 1824-1830 (2011).
    • (2011) Neurology , vol.76 , Issue.21 , pp. 1824-1830
    • Gelfand, J.M.1    Cree, B.A.2    McElroy, J.3
  • 125
    • 80052187368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why the minimum desirable serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level should be 75 nmol/l (30 ng/ml)
    • Vieth R. Why the minimum desirable serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level should be 75 nmol/l (30 ng/ml). Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 25(4), 681-691 (2011).
    • (2011) Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 681-691
    • Vieth, R.1
  • 127
    • 77953443605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone mineralization defects and vitamin D deficiency: Histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 675 patients
    • Priemel M, von Domarus C, Klatte TO et al. Bone mineralization defects and vitamin D deficiency: histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 675 patients. J. Bone Miner. Res. 25(2), 305-312 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Bone Miner. Res. , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 305-312
    • Priemel, M.1    Von Domarus, C.2    Klatte, T.O.3
  • 128
    • 1842828974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and bone mineral density: A population-based study of younger and older adults
    • Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dietrich T, Orav EJ, Dawson-Hughes B. Positive association between 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and bone mineral density: a population-based study of younger and older adults. Am. J. Med. 116(9), 634-639 (2004).
    • (2004) Am. J. Med. , vol.116 , Issue.9 , pp. 634-639
    • Bischoff-Ferrari, H.A.1    Dietrich, T.2    Orav, E.J.3    Dawson-Hughes, B.4
  • 129
    • 84867311578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institute of Medicine of The ational Academies., Concensus report. The National Academic Press, Washington DC, USA
    • Institute of Medicine of The ational Academies. Daily reference values for cacum and vitamin D. Concensus report. The National Academic Press, Washington DC, USA (2011).
    • (2011) Daily Reference Values for Cacum and Vitamin D
  • 130
    • 68549135080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dependency of vitamin D status on body mass index, gender, age and season
    • Holmoy T, Lossius A, Gundersen T, et al. The dependency of vitamin D status on body mass index, gender, age and season. Anticancer Res. 29(9), 3713-3720 (2009).
    • (2009) Anticancer Res. , vol.29 , Issue.9 , pp. 3713-3720
    • Holmoy, T.1    Lossius, A.2    Gundersen, T.3
  • 131
    • 49449113668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: Challenges and needs
    • Hollis BW. Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: challenges and needs. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 88(2), 507S-510S (2008).
    • (2008) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.88 , Issue.2
    • Hollis, B.W.1
  • 132
    • 51649125765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of daily, weekly, and monthly vitamin D3 in ethanol dosing protocols for two months in elderly hip fracture patients
    • Ish-Shalom S, Segal E, Salganik T, Raz B, Bromberg IL, Vieth R. Comparison of daily, weekly, and monthly vitamin D3 in ethanol dosing protocols for two months in elderly hip fracture patients. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93(9), 3430-3435 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.93 , Issue.9 , pp. 3430-3435
    • Ish-Shalom, S.1    Segal, E.2    Salganik, T.3    Raz, B.4    Bromberg, I.L.5    Vieth, R.6
  • 133
    • 0037241004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D versus parathyroid hormone relationship suggest a different reason why older adults require more vitamin D
    • Vieth R, Ladak Y, Walfish PG. Age-related changes in the 25-hydroxyvitamin D versus parathyroid hormone relationship suggest a different reason why older adults require more vitamin D. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88(1), 185-191 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.88 , Issue.1 , pp. 185-191
    • Vieth, R.1    Ladak, Y.2    Walfish, P.G.3
  • 134
    • 0037215304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol
    • Heaney RP, Davies KM, Chen TC, Holick MF, Barger-Lux MJ. Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing with cholecalciferol. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77(1), 204-210 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 204-210
    • Heaney, R.P.1    Davies, K.M.2    Chen, T.C.3    Holick, M.F.4    Barger-Lux, M.J.5
  • 135
    • 4844228355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized comparison of the effects of the vitamin D3 adequate intake versus 100 mcg (4000 IU) per day on biochemical responses and the wellbeing of patients
    • Vieth R, Kimball S, Hu A, Walfish PG. Randomized comparison of the effects of the vitamin D3 adequate intake versus 100 mcg (4000 IU) per day on biochemical responses and the wellbeing of patients. Nutr. J. 3, 8 (2004).
    • (2004) Nutr. J. , vol.3 , pp. 8
    • Vieth, R.1    Kimball, S.2    Hu, A.3    Walfish, P.G.4
  • 137
    • 33847775595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypovitaminosis D in British adults at age 45 y: Nationwide cohort study of dietary and lifestyle predictors
    • Hyppönen E, Power C. Hypovitaminosis D in British adults at age 45 y: nationwide cohort study of dietary and lifestyle predictors. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 85(3), 860-868 (2007).
    • (2007) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 860-868
    • Hyppönen, E.1    Power, C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.