Halogen-free solvent processing for sustainable development of high efficiency organic solar cells

Organic Electronics

Volumn 13, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 2870-2878

  Chen, Kung Shih ^a   Yip, Hin Lap ^a   Schlenker, Cody W ^b   Ginger, David S ^b   Jen, Alex K Y ^a  

^a University of Washington   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Additive; Bulk heterojunction; Non halogenated solvent; Phase separation

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; ADDITIVES; BUTYRIC ACID; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; EFFICIENCY; HALOGENATION; HETEROJUNCTIONS; ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS; PHASE SEPARATION; QUENCHING; SOLVENTS;

BULK HETEROJUNCTION; BULK HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS; HALOGENATED SOLVENTS; LARGE-SCALE FABRICATION; PHASE SEPARATED MORPHOLOGY; PHOTOINDUCED ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE QUENCHING; POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCIES;

SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 84867236782     PISSN: 15661199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2012.08.026     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. K.H. Ong, S.L. Lim, H.S. Tan, H.K. Wong, J. Li, Z. Ma, L.C.H. Moh, S.H. Lim, J.C. de Mello, and Z.K. Chen A versatile low bandgap polymer for air-stable, high-mobility field-effect transistors and efficient polymer solar cells Adv. Mater. 23 2011 1409 1413
2. H.Y. Chen, J. Hou, S. Zhang, Y. Liang, G. Yang, Y. Yang, L. Yu, Y. Wu, and G. Li Polymer solar cells with enhanced open-circuit voltage and efficiency Nat. Photon. 3 2009 649 653
3. S.H. Park, A. Roy, S. Beaupré, S. Cho, N. Coates, J.S. Moon, D. Moses, M. Leclerc, K. Lee, and A.J. Heeger Bulk heterojunction solar cells with internal quantum efficiency approaching 100% Nat. Photon. 3 2009 297 302
4. Y. Zhang, J. Zou, H.L. Yip, K.S. Chen, D.F. Zeigler, Y. Sun, and A.K.-Y. Jen Indacenodithiophene and quinoxaline-based conjugated polymers for highly efficient polymer solar cells Chem. Mater. 23 2011 2289 2291
5. 60 bisadduct by device optimization Adv. Mater. 22 2010 4355 4358
6. M. Lenes, G.J.A.H. Wetzelaer, F.B. Kooistra, S.C. Veenstra, J.C. Hummelen, and P.W.M. Blom Fullerene bisadducts for enhanced open-circuit voltages and efficiencies in polymer solar cells Adv. Mater. 20 2008 2116 2119
7. R.B. Ross, C.M. Cardona, D.M. Guldi, S.G. Sankaranarayanan, M.O. Reese, N. Kopidakis, J. Peet, B. Walker, G.C. Bazan, E. Van Keuren, B.C. Holloway, and M. Drees Endohedral fullerenes for organic photovoltaic devices Nat. Mater. 8 2009 208 212
8. C.Z. Li, S.C. Chien, H.L. Yip, C.C. Chueh, F.C. Chen, Y. Matsuo, E. Nakamura, and A.K.Y. Jen Facile synthesis of a 56π-electron 1,2-dihydromethano-[60]PCBM and its application for thermally stable polymer solar cells Chem. Commun. 47 2011 10082 10084
9. L.M. Chen, Z. Hong, G. Li, and Y. Yang Recent progress in polymer solar cells: manipulation of polymer:fullerene morphology and the formation of efficient inverted polymer solar cells Adv. Mater. 21 2009 1434 1449
10. L. Hou, E. Wang, J. Bergqvist, B.V. Andersson, Z. Wang, C. Müller, M. Campoy-Quiles, M.R. Andersson, F. Zhang, and O. Inganäs Lateral phase separation gradients in spin-coated thin films of high-performance polymer:fullerene photovoltaic blends Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 2011 3169 3175
11. Z. He, C. Zhong, X. Huang, W.Y. Wong, H. Wu, L. Chen, S. Su, and Y. Cao Simultaneous enhancement of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor in polymer solar cells Adv. Mater. 23 2011 4636 4643
12. C.J. Brabec, M. Heeney, I. McCulloch, and J. Nelson Influence of blend microstructure on bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic performance Chem. Soc. Rev. 40 2011 1185 1199
13. R. Giridharagopal, and D.S. Ginger Characterizing morphology in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic systems J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1 2010 1160 1169
14. C. Groves, O.G. Reid, and D.S. Ginger Heterogeneity in polymer solar cells: local morphology and performance in organic photovoltaics studied with scanning probe microscopy Acc. Chem. Res. 43 2010 612 620
15. 60 in a variety of solvents J. Phys. Chem. 97 1993 3379 3383
16. C.N. Hoth, P. Schilinsky, S.A. Choulis, and C.J. Brabec Printing highly efficient organic solar cells Nano Lett. 8 2008 2806 2813
17. C.D. Park, T.A. Fleetham, J. Li, and B.D. Vogt High performance bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells fabricated with non-halogenated solvent processing Org. Electron. 12 2011 1465 1470
18. B. Schmidt-Hansberg, M. Sanyal, N. Grossiord, Y. Galagan, M. Baunach, M.F.G. Klein, A. Colsmann, P. Scharfer, U. Lemmer, H. Dosch, J. Michels, E. Barrena, and W. Schabel Investigation of non-halogenated solvent mixtures for high throughput fabrication of polymer-fullerene solar cells Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 96 2012 195 201
19. T.R. Andersen, T.T. Larsen-Olsen, B. Andreasen, A.P.L. Böttiger, J.E. Carlé, M. Helgesen, E. Bundgaard, K. Norrman, J.W. Andreasen, M. Jorgensen, and F.C. Krebs Aqueous processing of low-band-gap polymer solar cells using roll-to-roll methods ACS Nano 5 2011 4188 4196
20. N. Espinosa, R. García-Valverde, A. Urbina, and F.C. Krebs A life cycle analysis of polymer solar cell modules prepared using roll-to-roll methods under ambient conditions Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 95 2011 1293 1302
21. 2 solar cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 2005 153501
22. D.W. Acton, and J.F. Barker In situ biodegradation potential of aromatic hydrocarbons in anaerobic groundwaters J. Contam. Hydrol. 9 1992 325 352
23. S.E. Shaheen, C.J. Brabec, N.S. Sariciftci, F. Padinger, T. Fromherz, and J.C. Hummelen 2.5% Efficient organic plastic solar cells Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 2001 841 843 (Pubitemid 33630368)
24. S. Nilsson, A. Bernasik, A. Budkowski, and E. Moons Morphology and phase segregation of spin-casted films of polyfluorene/PCBM blends Macromolecules 40 2007 8291 8301 (Pubitemid 350150543)
25. G. Li, V. Shrotriya, Y. Yao, and Y. Yang Investigation of annealing effects and film thickness dependence of polymer solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) J. Appl. Phys. 98 2005 043704
26. G. Li, Y. Yao, H. Yang, V. Shrotriya, G. Yang, and Y. Yang "Solvent annealing" effect in polymer solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and methanofullerenes Adv. Funct. Mater. 17 2007 1636 1644 (Pubitemid 47116536)
27. H. Lu, B. Akgun, and T.P. Russell Morphological characterization of a low-bandgap crystalline polymer:PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells Adv. Energy Mater. 1 2011 870 878
28. S.C. Price, A.C. Stuart, L. Yang, H. Zhou, and W. You Fluorine substituted conjugated polymer of medium band gap yields 7% efficiency in polymer-fullerene solar cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 2011 4625 4631
29. Y. Zhang, J. Zou, H.L. Yip, K.S. Chen, J.A. Davies, Y. Sun, and A.K.Y. Jen Synthesis, characterization, charge transport, and photovoltaic properties of dithienobenzoquinoxaline- and dithienobenzopyridopyrazine-based conjugated polymers Macromolecules 44 2011 4752 4758
30. C. Chibbaro, M. Zimbone, G. Litrico, P. Baeri, M.L. Lo Trovato, and F. Aleo A general and precise method to evaluate the series resistance of photovoltaic cells from I-V characteristics J. Appl. Phys. 110 2011 044505
31. X. Yang, J.K.J. van Duren, R.A.J. Janssen, M.A.J. Michels, and J. Loos Morphology and thermal stability of the active layer in poly(p- phenylenevinylene)/methanofullerene plastic photovoltaic devices Macromolecules 37 2004 2151 2158
32. H. Hoppe, M. Niggemann, C. Winder, J. Kraut, R. Hiesgen, A. Hinsch, D. Meissner, and N.S. Sariciftci Nanoscale morphology of conjugated polymer/fullerene-based bulk-heterojunction solar cells Adv. Funct. Mater. 14 2004 1005 1011
33. M.T. Rispens, A. Meetsma, R. Rittberger, C.J. Brabec, N.S. Sariciftci, J.C. Hummelen, Influence of the solvent on the crystal structure of PCBM and the efficiency of MDMO-PPV:PCBM 'plastic' solar cells, Chem. Commun. (2003) 2116.
34. M.a. Ruderer, S. Guo, R. Meier, H.Y. Chiang, V. Körstgens, J. Wiedersich, J. Perlich, S.V. Roth, P. Müller-Buschbaum, Solvent-induced morphology in polymer-based Systems for organic photovoltaics, Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 (2011) 3382-3391.
35. F. Zhang, K.G. Jespersen, C. Björström, M. Svensson, M.R. Andersson, V. Sundström, K. Magnusson, E. Moons, A. Yartsev, and O. Inganäs Influence of solvent mixing on the morphology and performance of solar cells based on polyfluorene copolymer/fullerene blends Adv. Funct. Mater. 16 2006 667 674
36. J.K. Lee, W.L. Ma, C.J. Brabec, J. Yuen, J.S. Moon, J.Y. Kim, K. Lee, G.C. Bazan, and A.J. Heeger Processing additives for improved efficiency from bulk heterojunction solar cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 2008 3619 3623 (Pubitemid 351456066)
37. M.S. Su, C.Y. Kuo, M.C. Yuan, U.S. Jeng, C.J. Su, and K.H. Wei Improving device efficiency of polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells through enhanced crystallinity and reduced grain boundaries induced by solvent additives Adv. Mater. 23 2011 3315 3319
38. J.C. Bijleveld, A.P. Zoombelt, S.G.J. Mathijssen, M.M. Wienk, M. Turbiez, D.M. de Leeuw, and R.A.J. Janssen Poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole-terthiophene) for ambipolar logic and photovoltaics J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 2009 16616 16617
39. Y. Liang, Z. Xu, J. Xia, S.T. Tsai, Y. Wu, G. Li, C. Ray, and L. Yu For the bright future-bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 7.4% Adv. Mater. 22 2010 E135 E138
40. C. Piliego, T.W. Holcombe, J.D. Douglas, C.H. Woo, P.M. Beaujuge, and J.M.J. Fréchet Synthetic control of structural order in N-alkylthieno [3,4-c] pyrrole-4,6-dione-based polymers for efficient solar cells J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 2010 7595 7597
41. 70 bisadduct via methylthiophene additive Adv. Energy Mater. 1 2011 1058 1061
42. C.V. Hoven, X.D. Dang, R.C. Coffin, J. Peet, T.Q. Nguyen, and G.C. Bazan Improved performance of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells through the reduction of phase separation via solvent additives Adv. Mater. 22 2010 E63 E66
43. K.N. Semenov, N.A. Charykov, V.A. Keskinov, A.K. Piartman, A.A. Blokhin, and A.A. Kopyrin Solubility of light fullerenes in organic solvents J. Chem. Eng. Data 55 2010 13 36
44. Y. Zhang, Y. Matsuo, C.Z. Li, H. Tanaka, and E. Nakamura A scalable synthesis of methano[60]fullerene and congeners by the oxidative cyclopropanation reaction of silylmethylfullerene J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 2011 8086 8089
45. C.Z. Li, Y. Matsuo, T. Niinomi, Y. Sato, and E. Nakamura Face-to-face C6F5-[60] fullerene interaction for ordering fullerene molecules and application to thin-film organic photovoltaics Chem. Commun. 46 2010 8582 8584
46. R.R. Lunt, J.B. Benziger, and S.R. Forrest Relationship between crystalline order and exciton diffusion length in molecular organic semiconductors Adv. Mater. 22 2010 1233 1236
47. S.R. Scully, and M.D. McGehee Effects of optical interference and energy transfer on exciton diffusion length measurements in organic semiconductors J. Appl. Phys. 100 2006 034907
48. D.E. Markov, E. Amsterdam, P.W.M. Blom, A.B. Sieval, and J.C. Hummelen Accurate measurement of the exciton diffusion length in a conjugated polymer using a heterostructure with a side-chain cross-linked fullerene layer J. Phys. Chem. A 109 2005 5266 5274
49. T. Stübinger, and W. Brütting Exciton diffusion and optical interference in organic donor-acceptor photovoltaic cells J. Appl. Phys. 90 2001 3632 3641 (Pubitemid 33597024)
50. R.R. Lunt, N.C. Giebink, A.A. Belak, J.B. Benziger, and S.R. Forrest Exciton diffusion lengths of organic semiconductor thin films measured by spectrally resolved photoluminescence quenching J. Appl. Phys. 105 2009 053711
51. D. Ginger, and N. Greenham Photoinduced electron transfer from conjugated polymers to CdSe nanocrystals Phys. Rev. B 59 1999 10622 10629
52. K.M. Noone, N.C. Anderson, N.E. Horwitz, A.M. Munro, A.P. Kulkarni, and D.S. Ginger Absence of photoinduced charge transfer in blends of PbSe quantum dots and conjugated polymers ACS Nano 3 2009 1345 1352