Diabetic angiopathy and angiogenic defects

Fibrogenesis and Tissue Repair

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Xu, Ling ^a,b   Kanasaki, Keizo ^a   Kitada, Munehiro ^a   Koya, Daisuke ^a  

^a KANAZAWA MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b THE AFFILIATED HOSPITAL OF SOUTHWEST MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; Complication; Diabetes; VEGF

Indexed keywords

ADENOVIRUS VECTOR; BEVACIZUMAB; DIACYLGLYCEROL; HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1ALPHA; LEPTIN; PEGAPTANIB; RANIBIZUMAB; SOMATOMEDIN C; VASCULOTROPIN; VASCULOTROPIN ANTIBODY; VASCULOTROPIN RECEPTOR 1;

ANGIOGENESIS; ANTIANGIOGENIC THERAPY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLORECTAL CANCER; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHY; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISORDERS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM; EMBRYONAL TISSUE; ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL; ERYTHROCYTE; HUMAN; LASER COAGULATION; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; MORTALITY; NEOPLASM; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PLACENTA; RETINA MACULA AGE RELATED DEGENERATION; REVIEW; VASCULAR DISEASE; WOUND HEALING IMPAIRMENT;

EID: 84867129597     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17551536     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-5-13     Document Type: Review

References (132)

1. Kopelman P. Health risks associated with overweight and obesity. Obes Rev 2007, Suppl 1:13-17.
2. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993, 329:977-986. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group.
3. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 1998, 352:854-865. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
4. Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E, Miyata T, Isami S, Motoyoshi S, Kojima Y, Furuyoshi N, Shichiri M. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995, 28:103-117. 10.1016/0168-8227(95)01064-K, 7587918.
5. Ismail-Beigi F, Craven T, Banerji MA, Basile J, Calles J, Cohen RM, Cuddihy R, Cushman WC, Genuth S, Grimm RH, Hamilton BP, Hoogwerf B, Karl D, Katz L, Krikorian A, O'Connor P, Pop-Busui R, Schubart U, Simmons D, Taylor H, Thomas A, Weiss D, Hramiak I, . for the ACCORD trial group Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial. Lancet 2010, 376:419-430. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60576-4, 20594588, for the ACCORD trial group.
6. Martin A, Komada MR, Sane DC. Abnormal angiogenesis in diabetes mellitus. Med Res Rev 2003, 23:117-145. 10.1002/med.10024, 12500286.
7. Nyberg P, Xie L, Kalluri R. Endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2005, 65:3967-3979. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2427, 15899784.
8. Folkman J. Angiogenesis: an organizing principle for drug discovery?. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2007, 6:273-286. 10.1038/nrd2115, 17396134.
9. Waltenberger J. VEGF resistance as a molecular basis to explain the angiogenesis paradox in diabetes mellitus. Biochem Soc Trans 2009, 37:1167-1170. 10.1042/BST0371167, 19909240.
10. Rishi P, Bhende PS. Images in clinical medicine. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy. N Engl J Med 2009, 360:912. 10.1056/NEJMicm0708063, 19246363.
11. Smith JM, Steel DH. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for prevention of postoperative vitreous cavity haemorrhage after vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011, 5:CD008214.
12. Sasso FC, Torella D, Carbonara O, Ellison GM, Torella M, Scardone M, Marra C, Nasti R, Marfella R, Cozzolino D, Indolfi C, Cotrufo M, Torella R, Salvatore T. Increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression but impaired vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling in the myocardium of type 2 diabetic patients with chronic coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005, 46:827-834. 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.06.007, 16139132.
13. Dehne N, Hintereder G, Brune B. High glucose concentrations attenuate hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression and signaling in non-tumor cells. Exp Cell Res 2010, 316:1179-1189. 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.02.019, 20184881.
14. Lu H, Dalgard CL, Mohyeldin A, McFate T, Tait AS, Verma A. Reversible inactivation of HIF-1 prolyl hydroxylases allows cell metabolism to control basal HIF-1. J Biol Chem 2005, 280:41928-41939. 10.1074/jbc.M508718200, 16223732.
15. Pfister F, Feng Y, vom Hagen F, Hoffmann S, Molema G, Hillebrands JL, Shani M, Deutsch U, Hammes HP. Pericyte migration: a novel mechanism of pericyte loss in experimental diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 2008, 57:2495-2502. 10.2337/db08-0325, 2518502, 18559662.
16. Crawford TN, Alfaro DV, Kerrison JB, Jablon EP. Diabetic retinopathy and angiogenesis. Curr Diabetes Rev 2009, 5:8-13. 10.2174/157339909787314149, 19199892.
17. Kermorvant-Duchemin E, Sapieha P, Sirinyan M, Beauchamp M, Checchin D, Hardy P, Sennlaub F, Lachapelle P, Chemtob S. Understanding ischemic retinopathies: emerging concepts from oxygen-induced retinopathy. Doc Ophthalmol 2010, 120:51-60. 10.1007/s10633-009-9201-x, 19882183.
18. Sapieha P, Hamel D, Shao Z, Rivera JC, Zaniolo K, Joyal JS, Chemtob S. Proliferative retinopathies: angiogenesis that blinds. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010, 42:5-12. 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.10.006, 19836461.
19. Sapieha P, Joyal JS, Rivera JC, Kermorvant-Duchemin E, Sennlaub F, Hardy P, Lachapelle P, Chemtob S. Retinopathy of prematurity: understanding ischemic retinal vasculopathies at an extreme of life. J Clin Invest 2010, 120:3022-3032. 10.1172/JCI42142, 2929716, 20811158.
20. Ambati BK, Nozaki M, Singh N, Takeda A, Jani PD, Suthar T, Albuquerque RJ, Richter E, Sakurai E, Newcomb MT, Kleinman ME, Caldwell RB, Lin Q, Ogura Y, Orecchia A, Samuelson DA, Agnew DW, St Leger J, Green WR, Mahasreshti PJ, Curiel DT, Kwan D, Marsh H, Ikeda S, Leiper LJ, Collinson JM, Bogdanovich S, Khurana TS, Shibuya M, Baldwin ME, et al. Corneal avascularity is due to soluble VEGF receptor-1. Nature 2006, 443:993-997. 10.1038/nature05249, 2656128, 17051153.
21. Administration USFD. FDA Approves New Drug Treatment for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. FDA NEWS RELEASE 2004, P04-110.
22. Fine SL, Martin DF, Kirkpatrick P. Pegaptanib sodium. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005, 4:187-188. 10.1038/nrd1677, 15770779.
23. Abraham P, Yue H, Wilson L. Randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled trial of ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: PIER study year 2. Am J Ophthalmol 2010, 150:315-324. e311, 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.04.011, 20598667.
24. Regillo CD, Brown DM, Abraham P, Yue H, Ianchulev T, Schneider S, Shams N. Randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled trial of ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: PIER Study year 1. Am J Ophthalmol 2008, 145:239-248. 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.10.004, 18222192.
25. Martin DF, Maguire MG, Ying GS, Grunwald JE, Fine SL, Jaffe GJ. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med 2011, 364:1897-1908. 3157322, 21526923.
26. Adler AI, Stevens RJ, Manley SE, Bilous RW, Cull CA, Holman RR. Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64). Kidney Int 2003, 63:225-232. 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00712.x, 12472787.
27. Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, Jensen GV, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2003, 348:383-393. 10.1056/NEJMoa021778, 12556541.
28. Gaede P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008, 358:580-591. 10.1056/NEJMoa0706245, 18256393.
29. Eremina V, Jefferson JA, Kowalewska J, Hochster H, Haas M, Weisstuch J, Richardson C, Kopp JB, Kabir MG, Backx PH, Gerber HP, Ferrara N, Barisoni L, Alpers CE, Quaggin SE. VEGF inhibition and renal thrombotic microangiopathy. N Engl J Med 2008, 358:1129-1136. 10.1056/NEJMoa0707330, 3030578, 18337603.
30. Izzedine H, Rixe O, Billemont B, Baumelou A, Deray G. Angiogenesis inhibitor therapies: focus on kidney toxicity and hypertension. Am J KidneyDis 2007, 50:203-218.
31. Wu S, Kim C, Baer L, Zhu X. Bevacizumab increases risk for severe proteinuria in cancer patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010, 21:1381-1389. 10.1681/ASN.2010020167, 2938590, 20538785.
32. Zhu X, Wu S, Dahut WL, Parikh CR. Risks of proteinuria and hypertension with bevacizumab, an antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2007, 49:186-193. 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.11.039, 17261421.
33. Sugimoto H, Hamano Y, Charytan D, Cosgrove D, Kieran M, Sudhakar A, Kalluri R. Neutralization of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by anti-VEGF antibodies and soluble VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt-1) induces proteinuria. J Biol Chem 2003, 278:12605-12608. 10.1074/jbc.C300012200, 12538598.
34. Maynard SE, Min JY, Merchan J, Lim KH, Li J, Mondal S, Libermann TA, Morgan JP, Sellke FW, Stillman IE, Epstein FH, Sukhatme VP, Karumanchi SA. Excess placental soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria in preeclampsia. J Clin Invest 2003, 111:649-658. 151901, 12618519.
35. Lee S, Chen TT, Barber CL, Jordan MC, Murdock J, Desai S, Ferrara N, Nagy A, Roos KP, Iruela-Arispe ML. Autocrine VEGF signaling is required for vascular homeostasis. Cell 2007, 130:691-703. 10.1016/j.cell.2007.06.054, 3010851, 17719546.
36. Levine RJ, Maynard SE, Qian C, Lim KH, England LJ, Yu KF, Schisterman EF, Thadhani R, Sachs BP, Epstein FH, Sibai BM, Sukhatme VP, Karumanchi SA. Circulating angiogenic factors and the risk of preeclampsia. N Engl J Med 2004, 350:672-683. 10.1056/NEJMoa031884, 14764923.
37. Levine RJ, Thadhani R, Qian C, Lam C, Lim KH, Yu KF, Blink AL, Sachs BP, Epstein FH, Sibai BM, Sukhatme VP, Karumanchi SA. Urinary placental growth factor and risk of preeclampsia. JAMA 2005, 293:77-85. 10.1001/jama.293.1.77, 15632339.
38. Veron D, Reidy KJ, Bertuccio C, Teichman J, Villegas G, Jimenez J, Shen W, Kopp JB, Thomas DB, Tufro A. Overexpression of VEGF-A in podocytes of adult mice causes glomerular disease. Kidney Int 2010, 77:989-999. 10.1038/ki.2010.64, 20375978.
39. Korgaonkar SN, Feng X, Ross MD, Lu TC, D'Agati V, Iyengar R, Klotman PE, He JC. HIV-1 upregulates VEGF in podocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008, 19:877-883. 10.1681/ASN.2007050629, 2386717, 18443354.
40. Kanesaki Y, Suzuki D, Uehara G, Toyoda M, Katoh T, Sakai H, Watanabe T. Vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression is correlated with glomerular neovascularization in human diabetic nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 2005, 45:288-294. 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.09.020, 15685506.
41. Tsuchida K, Makita Z, Yamagishi S, Atsumi T, Miyoshi H, Obara S, Ishida M, Ishikawa S, Yasumura K, Koike T. Suppression of transforming growth factor beta and vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic nephropathy in rats by a novel advanced glycation end product inhibitor, OPB-9195. Diabetologia 1999, 42:579-588. 10.1007/s001250051198, 10333051.
42. de Vriese AS, Tilton RG, Elger M, Stephan CC, Kriz W, Lameire NH. Antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor improve early renal dysfunction in experimental diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001, 12:993-1000.
43. Sung SH, Ziyadeh FN, Wang A, Pyagay PE, Kanwar YS, Chen S. Blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling ameliorates diabetic albuminuria in mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 17:3093-3104. 10.1681/ASN.2006010064, 16988063.
44. Chen S, Kasama Y, Lee JS, Jim B, Marin M, Ziyadeh FN. Podocyte-derived vascular endothelial growth factor mediates the stimulation of alpha3(IV) collagen production by transforming growth factor-beta1 in mouse podocytes. Diabetes 2004, 53:2939-2949. 10.2337/diabetes.53.11.2939, 15504975.
45. Yamamoto Y, Maeshima Y, Kitayama H, Kitamura S, Takazawa Y, Sugiyama H, Yamasaki Y, Makino H. Tumstatin peptide, an inhibitor of angiogenesis, prevents glomerular hypertrophy in the early stage of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2004, 53:1831-1840. 10.2337/diabetes.53.7.1831, 15220208.
46. Ichinose K, Maeshima Y, Yamamoto Y, Kitayama H, Takazawa Y, Hirokoshi K, Sugiyama H, Yamasaki Y, Eguchi K, Makino H. Antiangiogenic endostatin peptide ameliorates renal alterations in the early stage of a type 1 diabetic nephropathy model. Diabetes 2005, 54:2891-2903. 10.2337/diabetes.54.10.2891, 16186390.
47. Zhang SX, Wang JJ, Lu K, Mott R, Longeras R, Ma JX. Therapeutic potential of angiostatin in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 17:475-486. 10.1681/ASN.2005020217, 16394111.
48. Wang JJ, Zhang SX, Mott R, Knapp RR, Cao W, Lau K, Ma JX. Salutary effect of pigment epithelium-derived factor in diabetic nephropathy: evidence for antifibrogenic activities. Diabetes 2006, 55:1678-1685. 10.2337/db05-1448, 16731830.
49. Nasu T, Maeshima Y, Kinomura M, Hirokoshi-Kawahara K, Tanabe K, Sugiyama H, Sonoda H, Sato Y, Makino H. Vasohibin-1, a negative feedback regulator of angiogenesis, ameliorates renal alterations in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes 2009, 58:2365-2375. 10.2337/db08-1790, 2750227, 19587360.
50. Kosugi T, Nakayama T, Li Q, Chiodo VA, Zhang L, Campbell-Thompson M, Grant M, Croker BP, Nakagawa T. Soluble Flt-1 gene therapy ameliorates albuminuria but accelerates tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010, 298:F609-616. 10.1152/ajprenal.00377.2009, 20015944.
51. Rosenfeld ME. An overview of the evolution of the atherosclerotic plaque: from fatty streak to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Z Kardiol 2000, Suppl 7:2-6.
52. Davies MJ, Thomas A. Thrombosis and acute coronary-artery lesions in sudden cardiac ischemic death. N Engl J Med 1984, 310:1137-1140. 10.1056/NEJM198405033101801, 6709008.
53. Kolodgie FD, Gold HK, Burke AP, Fowler DR, Kruth HS, Weber DK, Farb A, Guerrero LJ, Hayase M, Kutys R, Narula J, Finn AV, Virmain R. Intraplaque hemorrhage and progression of coronary atheroma. N Engl J Med 2003, 349:2316-2325. 10.1056/NEJMoa035655, 14668457.
54. Tziakas DN, Chalikias GK, Stakos D, Boudoulas H. The role of red blood cells in the progression and instability of atherosclerotic plaque. Int J Cardiol 2010, 142:2-7. 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.10.031, 19906450.
55. McCarthy MJ, Loftus IM, Thompson MM, Jones L, London NJ, Bell PR, Naylor AR, Brindle NP. Angiogenesis and the atherosclerotic carotid plaque: an association between symptomatology and plaque morphology. J Vasc Surg 1999, 30:261-268. 10.1016/S0741-5214(99)70136-9, 10436445.
56. McCarthy MJ, Loftus IM, Thompson MM, Jones L, London NJ, Bell PR, Naylor AR, Brindle NP. Vascular surgical society of Great Britain and Ireland: angiogenesis and the atherosclerotic carotid plaque: association between symptomatology and plaque morphology. Br J Surg 1999, 86:707-708.
57. Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Finn AV, Gold HK, Tulenko TN, Wrenn SP, Narula J. Atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability to rupture: angiogenesis as a source of intraplaque hemorrhage. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005, 25:2054-2061. 10.1161/01.ATV.0000178991.71605.18, 16037567.
58. Khatri JJ, Johnson C, Magid R, Lessner SM, Laude KM, Dikalov SI, Harrison DG, Sung HJ, Rong Y, Galis ZS. Vascular oxidant stress enhances progression and angiogenesis of experimental atheroma. Circulation 2004, 109:520-525. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000109698.70638.2B, 14744973.
59. Vink A, Schoneveld AH, Lamers D, Houben AJ, van der Groep P, van Diest PJ, Pasterkamp G. HIF-1 alpha expression is associated with an atheromatous inflammatory plaque phenotype and upregulated in activated macrophages. Atherosclerosis 2007, 195:e69-75. 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.05.026, 17606258.
60. Luque A, Turu M, Juan-Babot O, Cardona P, Font A, Carvajal A, Slevin M, Iborra E, Rubio F, Badimon L, Krupinski J. Overexpression of hypoxia/inflammatory markers in atherosclerotic carotid plaques. Front Biosci 2008, 13:6483-6490.
61. Loots MA, Lamme EN, Mekkes JR, Bos JD, Middelkoop E. Cultured fibroblasts from chronic diabetic wounds on the lower extremity (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) show disturbed proliferation. Arch Dermatol Res 1999, 291:93-99. 10.1007/s004030050389, 10195396.
62. Loots MA, Lamme EN, Zeegelaar J, Mekkes JR, Bos JD, Middelkoop E. Differences in cellular infiltrate and extracellular matrix of chronic diabetic and venous ulcers versus acute wounds. J Invest Dermatol 1998, 111:850-857. 10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00381.x, 9804349.
63. Shyng YC, Devlin H, Sloan P. The effect of streptozotocin-induced experimental diabetes mellitus on calvarial defect healing and bone turnover in the rat. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001, 30:70-74. 10.1054/ijom.2000.0004, 11289625.
64. Ferguson MW, Herrick SE, Spencer MJ, Shaw JE, Boulton AJ, Sloan P. The histology of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabet Med 1996, Suppl 1:S30-33.
65. Kalluri R, Zeisberg M. Fibroblasts in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2006, 6:392-401. 10.1038/nrc1877, 16572188.
66. Rhee S. Fibroblasts in three dimensional matrices: cell migration and matrix remodeling. Exp Mol Med 2009, 41:858-865. 10.3858/emm.2009.41.12.096, 2802681, 19745603.
67. Yang H, Ganguly A, Cabral F. Inhibition of cell migration and cell division correlates with distinct effects of microtubule inhibiting drugs. J Biol Chem 2010, 285:32242-32250. 10.1074/jbc.M110.160820, 2952225, 20696757.
68. Loomans CJ, de Koning EJ, Staal FJ, Rookmaaker MB, Verseyden C, de Boer HC, Verhaar MC, Braam B, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ. Endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction: a novel concept in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2004, 53:195-199.
69. Tepper OM, Galiano RD, Capla JM, Kalka C, Gagne PJ, Jacobowitz GR, Levine JP, Gurtner GC. Human endothelial progenitor cells from type II diabetics exhibit impaired proliferation, adhesion, and incorporation into vascular structures. Circulation 2002, 106:2781-2786. 10.1161/01.CIR.0000039526.42991.93, 12451003.
70. Fadini GP, Agostini C, Avogaro A. Endothelial progenitor cells and vascular biology in diabetes mellitus: current knowledge and future perspectives. Curr Diabetes Rev 2005, 1:41-58. 10.2174/1573399052952640, 18220581.
71. Hoffmann J, Haendeler J, Aicher A, Rossig L, Vasa M, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Aging enhances the sensitivity of endothelial cells toward apoptotic stimuli: important role of nitric oxide. Circ Res 2001, 89:709-715. 10.1161/hh2001.097796, 11597994.
72. Keswani SG, Katz AB, Lim FY, Zoltick P, Radu A, Alaee D, Herlyn M, Crombleholme TM. Adenoviral mediated gene transfer of PDGF-B enhances wound healing in type I and type II diabetic wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2004, 12:497-504. 10.1111/j.1067-1927.2004.12501.x, 15453831.
73. Loomans CJ, Dao HH, van Zonneveld AJ, Rabelink TJ. Is endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction involved in altered angiogenic processes in patients with hypertension?. Curr Hypertens Rep 2004, 6:51-54. 10.1007/s11906-004-0011-y, 14972094.
74. Vasa M, Fichtlscherer S, Adler K, Aicher A, Martin H, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Increase in circulating endothelial progenitor cells by statin therapy in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Circulation 2001, 103:2885-2890. 10.1161/hc2401.092816, 11413075.
75. Vasa M, Fichtlscherer S, Aicher A, Adler K, Urbich C, Martin H, Zeiher AM, Dimmeler S. Number and migratory activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells inversely correlate with risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circ Res 2001, 89:E1-7. 10.1161/hh1301.093953, 11440984.
76. Ii M, Takenaka H, Asai J, Ibusuki K, Mizukami Y, Maruyama K, Yoon YS, Wecker A, Luedemann C, Eaton E, Silver M, Thorne T, Losordo DW. Endothelial progenitor thrombospondin-1 mediates diabetes-induced delay in reendothelialization following arterial injury. Circ Res 2006, 98:697-704. 10.1161/01.RES.0000209948.50943.ea, 16484619.
77. Liu ZJ, Velazquez OC. Hyperoxia, endothelial progenitor cell mobilization, and diabetic wound healing. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008, 10:1869-1882. 10.1089/ars.2008.2121, 2638213, 18627349.
78. Gallagher KA, Liu ZJ, Xiao M, Chen H, Goldstein LJ, Buerk DG, Nedeau A, Thom SR, Velazquez OC. Diabetic impairments in NO-mediated endothelial progenitor cell mobilization and homing are reversed by hyperoxia and SDF-1 alpha. J Clin Invest 2007, 117:1249-1259. 10.1172/JCI29710, 1857264, 17476357.
79. Albiero M, Menegazzo L, Boscaro E, Agostini C, Avogaro A, Fadini GP. Defective recruitment, survival and proliferation of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells at sites of delayed diabetic wound healing in mice. Diabetologia 2011, 54:945-953. 10.1007/s00125-010-2007-2, 21165593.
80. Barone BB, Yeh HC, Snyder CF, Peairs KS, Stein KB, Derr RL, Wolff AC, Brancati FL. Long-term all-cause mortality in cancer patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2008, 300:2754-2764. 10.1001/jama.2008.824, 3093051, 19088353.
81. Barone BB, Yeh HC, Snyder CF, Peairs KS, Stein KB, Derr RL, Wolff AC, Brancati FL. Postoperative mortality in cancer patients with preexisting diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2010, 33:931-939. 10.2337/dc09-1721, 2845055, 20351229.
82. van de Poll-Franse LV, Houterman S, Janssen-Heijnen ML, Dercksen MW, Coebergh JW, Haak HR. Less aggressive treatment and worse overall survival in cancer patients with diabetes: a large population based analysis. Int J Cancer 2007, 120:1986-1992. 10.1002/ijc.22532, 17230509.
83. Eichholz A, Merchant S, Gaya AM. Anti-angiogenesis therapies: their potential in cancer management. Onco Targets Ther 2010, 3:69-82. 2895781, 20616958.
84. Novosyadlyy R, Lann DE, Vijayakumar A, Rowzee A, Lazzarino DA, Fierz Y, Carboni JM, Gottardis MM, Pennisi PA, Molinolo AA, Kurshan N, Mejia W, Santopietro S, Yakar S, Wood TL, LeRoith D. Insulin-mediated acceleration of breast cancer development and progression in a nonobese model of type 2 diabetes. Cancer Res 2010, 70:741-751. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-2141, 2946167, 20068149.
85. Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 2003, 348:1625-1638. 10.1056/NEJMoa021423, 12711737.
86. Vigneri P, Frasca F, Sciacca L, Pandini G, Vigneri R. Diabetes and cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2009, 16:1103-1123. 10.1677/ERC-09-0087, 19620249.
87. Wu Y, Brodt P, Sun H, Mejia W, Novosyadlyy R, Nunez N, Chen X, Mendoza A, Hong SH, Khanna C, Yakar S. Insulin-like growth factor-I regulates the liver microenvironment in obese mice and promotes liver metastasis. Cancer Res 2010, 70:57-67. 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-2472, 20048072.
88. Erion DM, Shulman GI. Diacylglycerol-mediated insulin resistance. Nat Med 2010, 16:400-402. 10.1038/nm0410-400, 20376053.
89. Samuel VT, Petersen KF, Shulman GI. Lipid-induced insulin resistance: unravelling the mechanism. Lancet 2010, 375:2267-2277. 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60408-4, 2995547, 20609972.
90. Rosse C, Linch M, Kermorgant S, Cameron AJ, Boeckeler K, Parker PJ. PKC and the control of localized signal dynamics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2010, 11:103-112. 10.1038/nrm2847, 20094051.
91. Naldini A, Carraro F. Role of inflammatory mediators in angiogenesis. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy 2005, 4:3-8. 10.2174/1568010053622830, 15720228.
92. Wellen KE, Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J Clin Invest 2005, 115:1111-1119. 1087185, 15864338.
93. Park EJ, Lee JH, Yu GY, He G, Ali SR, Holzer RG, Osterreicher CH, Takahashi H, Karin M. Dietary and genetic obesity promote liver inflammation and tumorigenesis by enhancing IL-6 and TNF expression. Cell 2010, 140:197-208. 10.1016/j.cell.2009.12.052, 2836922, 20141834.
94. Park HY, Kwon HM, Lim HJ, Hong BK, Lee JY, Park BE, Jang Y, Cho SY, Kim HS. Potential role of leptin in angiogenesis: leptin induces endothelial cell proliferation and expression of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo and in vitro. Exp Mol Med 2001, 33:95-102.
95. Ribeiro AM, Andrade S, Pinho F, Monteiro JD, Costa M, Lopes C, Aguas AP, Monteiro MP. Prostate cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis in different obese mice models. Int J Exp Pathol 2010, 91:374-386. 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2010.00726.x, 2962896, 20666851.
96. Gonzalez RR, Cherfils S, Escobar M, Yoo JH, Carino C, Styer AK, Sullivan BT, Sakamoto H, Olawaiye A, Serikawa T, Lynch MP, Rueda BR. Leptin signaling promotes the growth of mammary tumors and increases the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor type two (VEGF-R2). J Biol Chem 2006, 281:26320-26328. 10.1074/jbc.M601991200, 16825198.
97. Rene Gonzalez R, Watters A, Xu Y, Singh UP, Mann DR, Rueda BR, Penichet ML. Leptin-signaling inhibition results in efficient anti-tumor activity in estrogen receptor positive or negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2009, 11:R36. 10.1186/bcr2321, 2716504, 19531256.
98. Sharma D, Saxena NK, Vertino PM, Anania FA. Leptin promotes the proliferative response and invasiveness in human endometrial cancer cells by activating multiple signal-transduction pathways. Endocr Relat Cancer 2006, 13:629-640. 10.1677/erc.1.01169, 2925427, 16728588.
99. Bartucci M, Svensson S, Ricci-Vitiani L, Dattilo R, Biffoni M, Signore M, Ferla R, De Maria R, Surmacz E. Obesity hormone leptin induces growth and interferes with the cytotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil in colorectal tumor stem cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2010, 17:823-833. 10.1677/ERC-10-0083, 20603394.
100. Baker L, Piddington R. Diabetic embryopathy: a selective review of recent trends. J Diabetes Complications 1993, 7:204-212. 10.1016/1056-8727(93)90046-2, 8343615.
101. Cockroft DL, Coppola PT. Teratogenic effects of excess glucose on head-fold rat embryos in culture. Teratology 1977, 16:141-146. 10.1002/tera.1420160205, 412267.
102. Eriksson UJ, Borg LA, Forsberg H, Styrud J. Diabetic embryopathy. Studies with animal and in vitro models. Diabetes 1991, Suppl 2:94-98.
103. Pinter E, Reece EA, Leranth CZ, Garcia-Segura M, Hobbins JC, Mahoney MJ, Naftolin F. Arachidonic acid prevents hyperglycemia-associated yolk sac damage and embryopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986, 155:691-702.
104. Pinter E, Reece EA, Leranth CZ, Sanyal MK, Hobbins JC, Mahoney MJ, Naftolin F. Yolk sac failure in embryopathy due to hyperglycemia: ultrastructural analysis of yolk sac differentiation associated with embryopathy in rat conceptuses under hyperglycemic conditions. Teratology 1986, 33:73-84. 10.1002/tera.1420330110, 3738811.
105. Reece EA, Homko CJ, Wu YK. Multifactorial basis of the syndrome of diabetic embryopathy. Teratology 1996, 54:171-182. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199610)54:4<171::AID-TERA1>3.0.CO;2-4, 9122886.
106. Reece EA, Homko CJ, Hagay Z. Prenatal diagnosis and prevention of diabetic embryopathy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1996, 23:11-28. 10.1016/S0889-8545(05)70242-4, 8684774.
107. Ferencz C, Rubin JD, McCarter RJ, Clark EB. Maternal diabetes and cardiovascular malformations: predominance of double outlet right ventricle and truncus arteriosus. Teratology 1990, 41:319-326. 10.1002/tera.1420410309, 2326756.
108. Pinter E, Mahooti S, Wang Y, Imhof BA, Madri JA. Hyperglycemia-induced vasculopathy in the murine vitelline vasculature: correlation with PECAM-1/CD31 tyrosine phosphorylation state. Am J Pathol 1999, 154:1367-1379. 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65391-6, 1866605, 10329590.
109. Yang P, Reece EA. Role of HIF-1alpha in maternal hyperglycemia-induced embryonic vasculopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011, 204:332. 3198784, 21345401.
110. Kanasaki K, Kalluri R. The biology of preeclampsia. Kidney Int 2009, 76:831-837. 10.1038/ki.2009.284, 19657323.
111. Casey BM, Lucas MJ, McIntire DD, Leveno KJ. Pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes compared with the general obstetric population. Obstet Gynecol 1997, 90:869-873. 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00542-5, 9397092.
112. Yogev Y, Langer O. Recurrence of gestational diabetes: pregnancy outcome and birth weight diversity. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2004, 15:56-60. 10.1080/14767050310001650734, 15101613.
113. Yogev Y, Langer O, Brustman L, Rosenn B. Pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus: does a correlation exist early in pregnancy?. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2004, 15:39-43. 10.1080/14767050310001650707, 15101610.
114. Innes KE, Wimsatt JH, McDuffie R. Relative glucose tolerance and subsequent development of hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2001, 97:905-910. 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01342-4, 11384694.
115. Joffe GM, Esterlitz JR, Levine RJ, Clemens JD, Ewell MG, Sibai BM, Catalano PM. The relationship between abnormal glucose tolerance and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in healthy nulliparous women. Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention (CPEP) Study Group. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998, 179:1032-1037. 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70210-8, 9790393.
116. Carpenter MW. Gestational diabetes, pregnancy hypertension, and late vascular disease. Diabetes Care 2007, Suppl 2:S246-250.
117. Yogev C, Hod, Coustan, Oats, McIntyre, Metzger, Lowe, Dyer, Dooley, Trimble, McCance, Hadden, Persson, Rogers, . Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study Cooperative Research Group Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study: preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010, 202:255-257. 2836485, 20207245, Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study Cooperative Research Group.
118. Pinter E, Haigh J, Nagy A, Madri JA. Hyperglycemia-induced vasculopathy in the murine conceptus is mediated via reductions of VEGF-A expression and VEGF receptor activation. Am J Pathol 2001, 158:1199-1206. 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64069-2, 1891927, 11290536.
119. Kanasaki K, Palmsten K, Sugimoto H, Ahmad S, Hamano Y, Xie L, Parry S, Augustin HG, Gattone VH, Folkman J, Strauss JF, Kalluri R. Deficiency in catechol-O-methyltransferase and 2-methoxyoestradiol is associated with pre-eclampsia. Nature 2008, 453:1117-1121. 10.1038/nature06951, 18469803.
120. Lee SB, Wong AP, Kanasaki K, Xu Y, Shenoy VK, McElrath TF, Whitesides GM, Kalluri R. Preeclampsia: 2-methoxyestradiol induces cytotrophoblast invasion and vascular development specifically under hypoxic conditions. Am J Pathol 2010, 176:710-720. 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090513, 2808078, 20075204.
121. Shenoy V, Kanasaki K, Kalluri R. Pre-eclampsia: connecting angiogenic and metabolic pathways. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010, 21:529-536. 10.1016/j.tem.2010.05.002, 20646932.
122. Redman CW, Sargent IL. Preeclampsia and the systemic inflammatory response. Semin Nephrol 2004, 24:565-570.
123. Redman CW, Sargent IL. Latest advances in understanding preeclampsia. Science 2005, 308:1592-1594. 10.1126/science.1111726, 15947178.
124. Sargent IL, Borzychowski AM, Redman CW. NK cells and human pregnancy-an inflammatory view. Trends Immunol 2006, 27:399-404. 10.1016/j.it.2006.06.009, 16843067.
125. Sargent IL, Borzychowski AM, Redman CW. NK cells and pre-eclampsia. J Reprod Immunol 2007, 76:40-44. 10.1016/j.jri.2007.03.009, 17482272.
126. Moisseiev E, Goldstein M, Loewenstein A, Moisseiev J. Macular hole following intravitreal bevacizumab injection in choroidal neovascularization caused by age-related macular degeneration. Case Report Ophthalmol 2010, 1:36-41. 10.1159/000319827, 2969161, 21369348.
127. Wong LJ, Desai RU, Jain A, Feliciano D, Moshfeghi DM, Sanislo SR, Blumenkranz MS. Surveillance for potential adverse events associated with the use of intravitreal bevacizumab for retinal and choroidal vascular disease. Retina 2008, 28:1151-1158. 10.1097/IAE.0b013e31817e100f, 18685542.
128. Georgopoulos M, Polak K, Prager F, Prunte C, Schmidt-Erfurth U. Characteristics of severe intraocular inflammation following intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin). Br J Ophthalmol 2009, 93:457-462. 10.1136/bjo.2008.138479, 19033289.
129. Querques G, Souied EH, Soubrane G. Macular hole following intravitreal ranibizumab injection for choroidal neovascular membrane caused by age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol 2009, 87:235-237.
130. Chung EJ, Koh HJ. Retinal detachment with macular hole following combined photodynamic therapy and intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Korean J Ophthalmol 2007, 21:185-187. 10.3341/kjo.2007.21.3.185, 2629677, 17804928.
131. Mitamura Y, Ogata K, Oshitari T, Asaumi N, Yamamoto S. Retinal detachment with macular hole following intravitreal bevacizumab in patient with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2008, 92:717-718. 10.1136/bjo.2008.139378, 18441183.
132. Maeshima Y, Makino H. Angiogenesis and chronic kidney disease. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 2010, 3:13. 10.1186/1755-1536-3-13, 2924264, 20687922.