메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 11, 2012, Pages 1454-1457

Co-morbidity and self medication in schizophrenia: Involvement of endogenous morphine signaling mechanisms

Author keywords

Catecholamines; Comorbidity; Dopamine; Endogenous morphine; Schizophrenia; Self medication

Indexed keywords

3,4 DIHYDROXYPHENYLACETALDEHYDE; ACETALDEHYDE; CATECHOLAMINE; DOPAMINE; LEVODOPA; MORPHINE; NALOXONE; TETRAHYDROPAPAVEROLINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84866932019     PISSN: 13894501     EISSN: 18735592     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138945012803530198     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (4)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0027380497 scopus 로고
    • Molecular biology of opioid receptors
    • Reisine T, Bell GI. Molecular biology of opioid receptors. Trends Neurosci 1993;16: 506-10.
    • (1993) Trends Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 506-510
    • Reisine, T.1    Bell, G.I.2
  • 2
    • 0029054001 scopus 로고
    • Opiate receptors
    • Reisine T. Opiate receptors. Neuropharmacol 1995; 34: 463-72.
    • (1995) Neuropharmacol , vol.34 , pp. 463-472
    • Reisine, T.1
  • 4
    • 0011864141 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies as a means of isolating and characterizing biologically active substances: Presence of a non-peptide morphine-like compound in the central nervous system
    • Gintzler AR, Levy A, Spector S. Antibodies as a means of isolating and characterizing biologically active substances: Presence of a non-peptide morphine-like compound in the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1976; 73: 2132-6.
    • (1976) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.73 , pp. 2132-2136
    • Gintzler, A.R.1    Levy, A.2    Spector, S.3
  • 5
    • 0018137148 scopus 로고
    • A nonpeptide morphine-like compound: Immunocytochemical localization in the mouse brain
    • Gintzler AR, Gershon MD, Spector S. A nonpeptide morphine-like compound: immunocytochemical localization in the mouse brain. Science 1978; 199: 447-8.
    • (1978) Science , vol.199 , pp. 447-448
    • Gintzler, A.R.1    Gershon, M.D.2    Spector, S.3
  • 6
    • 0027363433 scopus 로고
    • Opiate-like substances in an invertebrate, an opiate receptor on invertebrate and human immunocytes, and a role in immunosuppression
    • Stefano GB, Digenis A, Spector S, et al. Opiate-like substances in an invertebrate, an opiate receptor on invertebrate and human immunocytes, and a role in immunosuppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 11099-103.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 11099-11103
    • Stefano, G.B.1    Digenis, A.2    Spector, S.3
  • 7
    • 0038560994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular identification and functional expression of mu3, a novel alternatively spliced variant of the human mu opiate receptor gene
    • Cadet P, Mantione KJ, Stefano GB. Molecular identification and functional expression of mu3, a novel alternatively spliced variant of the human mu opiate receptor gene. J Immunol 2003; 170(10): 5118-23.
    • (2003) J Immunol , vol.170 , Issue.10 , pp. 5118-5123
    • Cadet, P.1    Mantione, K.J.2    Stefano, G.B.3
  • 8
    • 37249044000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A functionally coupled mu3-like opiate receptor/nitric oxide regulatory pathway in human multi-lineage progenitor cells
    • Cadet P, Mantione KJ, Zhu W, Kream RM, Sheehan M, Stefano GB. A functionally coupled mu3-like opiate receptor/nitric oxide regulatory pathway in human multi-lineage progenitor cells. J Immunol 2007; 179(9): 5839-44.
    • (2007) J Immunol , vol.179 , Issue.9 , pp. 5839-5844
    • Cadet, P.1    Mantione, K.J.2    Zhu, W.3    Kream, R.M.4    Sheehan, M.5    Stefano, G.B.6
  • 9
    • 37249004713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of evolutionary memory: Primordial six-transmembrane helical domain mu opiate receptors selectively linked to endogenous morphine signaling
    • Kream RM, Sheehan M, Cadet P, et al. Persistence of evolutionary memory: Primordial six-transmembrane helical domain mu opiate receptors selectively linked to endogenous morphine signaling. Med Sci Monit 2007; 13(12): SC5-6.
    • (2007) Med Sci Monit , vol.13 , Issue.12
    • Kream, R.M.1    Sheehan, M.2    Cadet, P.3
  • 10
    • 33749658186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De novo biosynthesis of morphine in animal cells: An evidence-based model
    • Kream RM, Stefano GB. De novo biosynthesis of morphine in animal cells: An evidence-based model. Med Sci Monit 2006; 12(10): RA207-19.
    • (2006) Med Sci Monit , vol.12 , Issue.10
    • Kream, R.M.1    Stefano, G.B.2
  • 12
    • 28144464717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tyrosine and tyramine increase endogenous ganglionic morphine and dopamine levels in vitro and in vivo: CYP2D6 and tyrosine hydroxylase modulation demonstrates a dopamine coupling
    • Zhu W, Mantione KJ, Shen L, et al. Tyrosine and tyramine increase endogenous ganglionic morphine and dopamine levels in vitro and in vivo: CYP2D6 and tyrosine hydroxylase modulation demonstrates a dopamine coupling. Med Sci Monit 2005; 11: BR397-404.
    • (2005) Med Sci Monit , vol.11
    • Zhu, W.1    Mantione, K.J.2    Shen, L.3
  • 13
    • 28244474541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human white blood cells synthesize morphine: CYP2D6 modulation
    • Zhu W, Cadet P, Baggerman G, Mantione KJ, Stefano GB. Human white blood cells synthesize morphine: CYP2D6 modulation. J Immunol 2005; 175(11): 7357-62.
    • (2005) J Immunol , vol.175 , Issue.11 , pp. 7357-7362
    • Zhu, W.1    Cadet, P.2    Baggerman, G.3    Mantione, K.J.4    Stefano, G.B.5
  • 14
    • 0037072798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of methoxyphenethylamines by cytochrome P450 2D6. Analysis of rate-limiting steps
    • Guengerich FP, Miller GP, Hanna IH, Sato H, Martin MV. Oxidation of methoxyphenethylamines by cytochrome P450 2D6. Analysis of rate-limiting steps. J Biol Chem 2002; 277(37): 33711-9.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , Issue.37 , pp. 33711-33719
    • Guengerich, F.P.1    Miller, G.P.2    Hanna, I.H.3    Sato, H.4    Martin, M.V.5
  • 15
    • 4644295005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of genetic polymorphism on the metabolism of endogenous neuroactive substances, progesterone and p-tyramine, catalyzed by CYP2D6
    • Niwa T, Hiroi T, Tsuzuki D, et al. Effect of genetic polymorphism on the metabolism of endogenous neuroactive substances, progesterone and p-tyramine, catalyzed by CYP2D6. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2004; 129(1-2): 117-23.
    • (2004) Brain Res Mol Brain Res , vol.129 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 117-123
    • Niwa, T.1    Hiroi, T.2    Tsuzuki, D.3
  • 17
    • 33646483809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norlaudanosoline and nicotine increase endogenous ganglionic morphine levels: Nicotine addiction
    • Zhu W, Mantione KJ, Shen L, Lee B, Stefano GB. Norlaudanosoline and nicotine increase endogenous ganglionic morphine levels: Nicotine addiction. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2006; 26(4-6): 1037-45.
    • (2006) Cell Mol Neurobiol , vol.26 , Issue.4-6 , pp. 1037-1045
    • Zhu, W.1    Mantione, K.J.2    Shen, L.3    Lee, B.4    Stefano, G.B.5
  • 18
    • 0026638361 scopus 로고
    • Increased urinary morphine, codeine and tetrahydropapaveroline in parkinsonian patient undergoing L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine therapy: A possible biosynthetic pathway of morphine from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in humans
    • Matsubara K, Fukushima S, Akane A, Kobayashi S, Shiono H. Increased urinary morphine, codeine and tetrahydropapaveroline in parkinsonian patient undergoing L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine therapy: a possible biosynthetic pathway of morphine from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 260(3): 974-8.
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.260 , Issue.3 , pp. 974-978
    • Matsubara, K.1    Fukushima, S.2    Akane, A.3    Kobayashi, S.4    Shiono, H.5
  • 19
    • 0027500561 scopus 로고
    • Determination of tetrahydropapaveroline in the urine of parkinsonian patients receiving L-dopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) therapy by high-performance liquid chromatography
    • Cashaw JL. Determination of tetrahydropapaveroline in the urine of parkinsonian patients receiving L-dopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) therapy by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr 1993; 613(2): 267-73.
    • (1993) J Chromatogr , vol.613 , Issue.2 , pp. 267-273
    • Cashaw, J.L.1
  • 20
    • 0014853646 scopus 로고
    • Tetrahydropapaveroline: An alkaloid metabolite of dopamine in vitro
    • Walsh MJ, Davis VE, Yamanaka Y. Tetrahydropapaveroline: an alkaloid metabolite of dopamine in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1970; 174(3): 388-400.
    • (1970) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.174 , Issue.3 , pp. 388-400
    • Walsh, M.J.1    Davis, V.E.2    Yamanaka, Y.3
  • 21
    • 0017952140 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde levels and tetrahydropapaveroline formation
    • Weiner H. Relationship between 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde levels and tetrahydropapaveroline formation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1978; 2(2): 127-31.
    • (1978) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-131
    • Weiner, H.1
  • 22
    • 0015926907 scopus 로고
    • Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids: In vivo metabolites of L-dopa in man
    • Sandler M, Carter SB, Hunter KR, Stern GM. Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids: in vivo metabolites of L-dopa in man. Nature 1973; 241(5390): 439-43.
    • (1973) Nature , vol.241 , Issue.5390 , pp. 439-443
    • Sandler, M.1    Carter, S.B.2    Hunter, K.R.3    Stern, G.M.4
  • 23
    • 0034646917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enantio-selective occurrence of (S)-tetrahydropapaveroline in human brain
    • Sango K, Maruyama W, Matsubara K, et al. Enantio-selective occurrence of (S)-tetrahydropapaveroline in human brain. Neurosci Lett 2000; 283(3): 224-6.
    • (2000) Neurosci Lett , vol.283 , Issue.3 , pp. 224-226
    • Sango, K.1    Maruyama, W.2    Matsubara, K.3
  • 24
    • 37249091465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous morphine synthetic pathway preceded and gave rise to catecholamine synthesis in evolution (Review)
    • Stefano GB, Kream RM. Endogenous morphine synthetic pathway preceded and gave rise to catecholamine synthesis in evolution (Review). Int J Mol Med 2007; 20(6): 837-41.
    • (2007) Int J Mol Med , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 837-841
    • Stefano, G.B.1    Kream, R.M.2
  • 25
    • 77952131625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine, Morphine, and Nitric Oxide: An Evolutionary Signaling Triad
    • Stefano GB, Kream RM. Dopamine, Morphine, and Nitric Oxide: An Evolutionary Signaling Triad. CNS Neurosci Ther 2010; 16: e124-e137.
    • (2010) CNS Neurosci Ther , vol.16
    • Stefano, G.B.1    Kream, R.M.2
  • 26
    • 78651310748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric Implications of Endogenous Morphine: Up-To-Date Review
    • Kream RM, Stefano GB, Rtacek R. Psychiatric Implications of Endogenous Morphine: Up-To-Date Review. Folia Biol (Praha) 2010; 56: 231-41.
    • (2010) Folia Biol (Praha) , vol.56 , pp. 231-241
    • Kream, R.M.1    Stefano, G.B.2    Rtacek, R.3
  • 27
    • 0017723028 scopus 로고
    • Morphine as an antipsychotic. Relevance of a 19thcentury therapeutic fashion
    • Comfort A. Morphine as an antipsychotic. Relevance of a 19thcentury therapeutic fashion. Lancet 1977; 2(8035): 448-9.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8035 , pp. 448-449
    • Comfort, A.1
  • 28
    • 0017848271 scopus 로고
    • Endorphins in human cerebrospinal fluid: Clinical correlations to some psychotic states
    • Lindstrom LH, Widerlov E, Gunne LM, Wahlstrom A, Terenius L. Endorphins in human cerebrospinal fluid: clinical correlations to some psychotic states. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1978; 57(2): 153-64.
    • (1978) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 153-164
    • Lindstrom, L.H.1    Widerlov, E.2    Gunne, L.M.3    Wahlstrom, A.4    Terenius, L.5
  • 29
    • 0020070702 scopus 로고
    • Short-term naloxone administration in schizophrenic and manic patients. A World Health Organization Collaborative Study
    • Pickar D, Vartanian F, Bunney WE, Jr., et al. Short-term naloxone administration in schizophrenic and manic patients. A World Health Organization Collaborative Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39(3): 313-9.
    • (1982) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-319
    • Pickar, D.1    Vartanian, F.2    Bunney Jr., W.E.3
  • 30
    • 0022206137 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine and the action of opiates: A reevaluation of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. With special consideration of the role of endogenous opioids in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia
    • Schmauss C, Emrich HM. Dopamine and the action of opiates: a reevaluation of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. With special consideration of the role of endogenous opioids in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1985; 20(11): 1211-31.
    • (1985) Biol Psychiatry , vol.20 , Issue.11 , pp. 1211-1231
    • Schmauss, C.1    Emrich, H.M.2
  • 32
    • 0002441974 scopus 로고
    • Cortical regulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system: Implications for schizophrenia
    • In: Kalivas PW, Barnes CD, editors, Boca Raton: CRC Press
    • Lipska BK, Weinberger DR. Cortical regulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system: Implications for schizophrenia. In: Kalivas PW, Barnes CD, editors. Limbic motor circuits and neuropsychiatry. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1993. p. 329-349m.
    • (1993) Limbic motor circuits and neuropsychiatry
    • Lipska, B.K.1    Weinberger, D.R.2
  • 33
    • 0026647441 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of dysfunction of a prefrontal-limbic network in schizophrenia: A magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral blood flow study of discordant monozygotic twins
    • Weinberger DR, Berman KF, Suddath R, Torrey EF. Evidence of dysfunction of a prefrontal-limbic network in schizophrenia: a magnetic resonance imaging and regional cerebral blood flow study of discordant monozygotic twins. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149(7): 890-7.
    • (1992) Am J Psychiatry , vol.149 , Issue.7 , pp. 890-897
    • Weinberger, D.R.1    Berman, K.F.2    Suddath, R.3    Torrey, E.F.4
  • 34
    • 19344371436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged effects of repeated social defeat stress on mRNA expression and function of mu-opioid receptors in the ventral tegmental area of rats
    • Nikulina EM, Miczek KA, Hammer RP, Jr. Prolonged effects of repeated social defeat stress on mRNA expression and function of mu-opioid receptors in the ventral tegmental area of rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 30(6): 1096-103.
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 1096-1103
    • Nikulina, E.M.1    Miczek, K.A.2    Hammer Jr., R.P.3
  • 36
    • 33748535117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relaxation: Molecular and physiological significance
    • Stefano GB, Fricchione GL, Esch T. Relaxation: Molecular and physiological significance. Med Sci Monit 2006; 12(9): HY21-31.
    • (2006) Med Sci Monit , vol.12 , Issue.9
    • Stefano, G.B.1    Fricchione, G.L.2    Esch, T.3
  • 38
    • 42649127050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous opiates, opioids, and immune function: Evolutionary brokerage of defensive behaviors
    • Stefano GB, Kream R. Endogenous opiates, opioids, and immune function: evolutionary brokerage of defensive behaviors. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 18(3): 190-8.
    • (2008) Semin Cancer Biol , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 190-198
    • Stefano, G.B.1    Kream, R.2
  • 39
    • 50849090581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine is necessary to endogenous morphine formation in mammalian brain in vivo
    • Neri C, Ghelardini C, Sotak B, et al. Dopamine is necessary to endogenous morphine formation in mammalian brain in vivo. J Neurochem 2008; 106(61): 2337-44.
    • (2008) J Neurochem , vol.106 , Issue.61 , pp. 2337-2344
    • Neri, C.1    Ghelardini, C.2    Sotak, B.3
  • 40
    • 0027384795 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous codeine and morphine are stored in specific brain neurons
    • Bianchi E, Alessandrini C, Guarna M, Tagliamonte A. Endogenous codeine and morphine are stored in specific brain neurons. Brain Res 1993; 627(2): 210-5.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.627 , Issue.2 , pp. 210-215
    • Bianchi, E.1    Alessandrini, C.2    Guarna, M.3    Tagliamonte, A.4
  • 41
    • 27544490742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the care of individuals with schizophrenia and substance use disorders: Consensus recommendations
    • Ziedonis DM, Smelson D, Rosenthal RN, et al. Improving the care of individuals with schizophrenia and substance use disorders: consensus recommendations. J Psychiatr Pract 2005; 11(5): 315-39.
    • (2005) J Psychiatr Pract , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 315-339
    • Ziedonis, D.M.1    Smelson, D.2    Rosenthal, R.N.3
  • 42
    • 53549116465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use disorders
    • Smelson DA, Dixon L, Craig T, et al. Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use disorders. CNS Drugs 2008; 22(11): 903-16.
    • (2008) CNS Drugs , vol.22 , Issue.11 , pp. 903-916
    • Smelson, D.A.1    Dixon, L.2    Craig, T.3
  • 43
    • 58249085777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical comorbidity in patients with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence
    • Batki SL, Meszaros ZS, Strutynski K, et al. Medical comorbidity in patients with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence. Schizophr Res 2009; 107(2-3): 139-46.
    • (2009) Schizophr Res , vol.107 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 139-146
    • Batki, S.L.1    Meszaros, Z.S.2    Strutynski, K.3
  • 44
    • 33646492677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol-, nicotine-, and cocaine-evoked release of morphine from invertebrate ganglia: Model system for screening drugs of abuse
    • Zhu W, Mantione KJ, Casares FM, et al. Alcohol-, nicotine-, and cocaine-evoked release of morphine from invertebrate ganglia: Model system for screening drugs of abuse. Med Sci Monit 2006; 12(5): BR155-61.
    • (2006) Med Sci Monit , vol.12 , Issue.5
    • Zhu, W.1    Mantione, K.J.2    Casares, F.M.3
  • 46
    • 33847658259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adapting Motivational Interventions for Comorbid Schizophrenia and Alcohol Use Disorders
    • Carey KB, Leontieva L, Dimmock J, Maisto SA, Batki SL. Adapting Motivational Interventions for Comorbid Schizophrenia and Alcohol Use Disorders. Clin Psychol (New York) 2007; 14(1): 39-57.
    • (2007) Clin Psychol (New York) , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-57
    • Carey, K.B.1    Leontieva, L.2    Dimmock, J.3    Maisto, S.A.4    Batki, S.L.5
  • 47
    • 33750944434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol-, Nicotine-, and Cocaine-Evoked Release of Morphine from Human White Blood Cells: Substances of Abuse Actions Converge on Endogenous Morphine Release
    • Zhu W, Mantione K, Kream RM, Stefano GB. Alcohol-, Nicotine-, and Cocaine-Evoked Release of Morphine from Human White Blood Cells: Substances of Abuse Actions Converge on Endogenous Morphine Release. Med Sci Monit 2006; 12(11): BR350-BR354.
    • (2006) Med Sci Monit , vol.12 , Issue.11
    • Zhu, W.1    Mantione, K.2    Kream, R.M.3    Stefano, G.B.4
  • 48
    • 34547430052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitored naltrexone without counseling for alcohol abuse/dependence in schizophreniaspectrum disorders
    • Batki SL, Dimmock JA, Wade M, et al. Monitored naltrexone without counseling for alcohol abuse/dependence in schizophreniaspectrum disorders. Am J Addict 2007; 16(4): 253-9.
    • (2007) Am J Addict , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 253-259
    • Batki, S.L.1    Dimmock, J.A.2    Wade, M.3
  • 49
    • 49749152020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naltrexone treatment for patients with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence: The role of adherence-preliminary findings
    • (abstract S028)
    • Batki SL, Dimmock JA, Ploutz-Snyder R, et al. Naltrexone treatment for patients with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence: The role of adherence-preliminary findings. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2007; 31(6:suppl): 255A (abstract S028).
    • (2007) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.31 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Batki, S.L.1    Dimmock, J.A.2    Ploutz-Snyder, R.3
  • 50
    • 0035202948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypofrontality and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Synthesis of anatomic and neuropsychological knowledge and ecological perspectives
    • Semkovska M, Bedard MA, Stip E. [Hypofrontality and negative symptoms in schizophrenia: synthesis of anatomic and neuropsychological knowledge and ecological perspectives]. Encephale 2001; 27(5): 405-15.
    • (2001) Encephale , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 405-415
    • Semkovska, M.1    Bedard, M.A.2    Stip, E.3
  • 51
    • 68149160821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metaanalysis of 41 functional neuroimaging studies of executive function in schizophrenia
    • Minzenberg MJ, Laird AR, Thelen S, Carter CS, Glahn DC. Metaanalysis of 41 functional neuroimaging studies of executive function in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66(8): 811-22.
    • (2009) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.66 , Issue.8 , pp. 811-822
    • Minzenberg, M.J.1    Laird, A.R.2    Thelen, S.3    Carter, C.S.4    Glahn, D.C.5
  • 52
    • 46449112120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensorimotor gating and attentional set-shifting are improved by the mu-opioid receptor agonist morphine in healthy human volunteers
    • Quednow BB, Csomor PA, Chmiel J, Beck T, Vollenweider FX. Sensorimotor gating and attentional set-shifting are improved by the mu-opioid receptor agonist morphine in healthy human volunteers. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2008; 11(5): 655-69.
    • (2008) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 655-669
    • Quednow, B.B.1    Csomor, P.A.2    Chmiel, J.3    Beck, T.4    Vollenweider, F.X.5
  • 53
    • 33745859058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional magnetic resonance imaging measures of the effects of morphine on central nervous system circuitry in opioid-naive healthy volunteers
    • table
    • Becerra L, Harter K, Gonzalez RG, Borsook D. Functional magnetic resonance imaging measures of the effects of morphine on central nervous system circuitry in opioid-naive healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg 2006; 103(1): 208-16, table.
    • (2006) Anesth Analg , vol.103 , Issue.1 , pp. 208-216
    • Becerra, L.1    Harter, K.2    Gonzalez, R.G.3    Borsook, D.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.