Semiconductor quantum dot-microcavities for quantum optics in solid state

IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 1733-1746

  Reitzenstein, Stephan ^a  

^a TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

Entanglement; microcavity; quantum dot (QD); quantum electrodynamics; quantum optics; single photon emission

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE LAYER; CAVITY QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; COHERENT INTERACTION; DIPOLE INTERACTION; ELECTRONIC ENERGY LEVELS; ENTANGLED PHOTON PAIRS; ENTANGLEMENT; EXCHANGE OF ENERGY; EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES; FOCK STATE; FUTURE APPLICATIONS; HIGH POTENTIAL; LENGTH SCALE; LIGHT-MATTER INTERACTIONS; MODEL SYSTEM; NON-CLASSICAL LIGHTS; NORMAL MODES; OPTICAL PHENOMENA; PHOTONIC STATE; PHOTONIC STRUCTURE; QUANTUM DEVICE; QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS; QUANTUM INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES; QUANTUM LIMIT; QUANTUM MECHANICAL; RESONATOR MODE; SELF ASSEMBLED QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITIES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOSTRUCTURES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOTECHNOLOGY; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION; SINGLE PHOTONS; SINGLE-PHOTON SOURCE; STRONG-COUPLING REGIME; TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS; VACUUM RABI SPLITTING;

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY; LIGHT; MICROCAVITIES; NANOSTRUCTURES; PARTICLE BEAMS; PHOTONS; QUANTUM COMMUNICATION; QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOTS;

QUANTUM OPTICS;

EID: 84866297867     PISSN: 1077260X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2012.2195159     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. P. A. M. Dirac, "The quantum theory of the emission and absorption of radiation," Proc. R. Soc. Lond., vol. A114, pp. 243-265, 1927.
2. E. Fermi, "Quantum theory of radiation," Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 4, pp. 87-132, 1932.
3. E. T. Jaynes and F. W. Cummings, "Comparison of quantum and semiclassical radiation theory with application to the beam maser," Proc. IEEE, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 89-109, Jan. 1963.
4. S. Haroche and D. Kleppner, "Cavity quantum electrodynamics," Phys. Today, vol. 42, pp. 24-30, 1989.
5. R. J. Thompson, G. Rempe, and H. J. Kimble, "Observation of normalmode splitting for an atom in an optical cavity," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 68, pp. 1132-1135, 1992.
6. J. McKeever, A. Boca, A. D. Boozer, J. R. Buck, and H. J. Kimble, "Experimental realization of a one-atom laser in the regime of strong coupling," Nature, vol. 425, pp. 268-271, 2003. (Pubitemid 37158397)
7. A. Wallraff, D. I. Schuster, A. Blais, L. Frunzio, R.-S. Huang, J. Majer, S. Kumar, S. M. Girvin, and R. J. Schoellkopf, "Strong coupling of a single photon to a superconducting qubit using circuit quantum electrodynamics," Nature, vol. 431, pp. 162-167, 2004. (Pubitemid 39243464)
8. J. P. Reithmaier, G. Sek, A. L̈offler, C. Hofmann, S. Kuhn, S. Reitzenstein, L. V. Keldysh, V. D. Kulakovskii, T. L. Reinecke, and A. Forchel, "Strong coupling in a single quantum dot-semiconductor microcavity system," Nature, vol. 432, pp. 197-200, 2004. (Pubitemid 39545845)
9. T. Yoshie, A. Scherer, J. Hendrickson, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, G. Rupper, C. Ell, O. B. Shchekin, and D. G. Deppe, "Rabi splitting with a single quantum dot in a photonic crystal nanocavity," Nature, vol. 432, pp. 200-203, 2004. (Pubitemid 39549307)
10. K. J. Vahala, "Optical microcavities," Nature, vol. 424, pp. 839-846, 2003. (Pubitemid 37021719)
11. L. Andreani, G. Panzarini, and J.-M. G'erard, "Strong-coupling regime for quantum boxes in pillar microcavities: Theory," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 60, pp. 13276-13279, 1999.
12. B. Gayral and J.-M. G'erard, "Comment on 'Single-mode spontaneous emission from a single quantum dot in a three-dimensionalmicrocavity'," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 90, p. 229701, 2003.
13. S. Reitzenstein and A. Forchel, "Quantum dot micropillars," J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., vol. 43, pp. 033001-1-033001-25, 2010.
14. J. D. Joannopoulos, P. R. Villeneuve, and S. Fan, "Photonic crystals: Putting a new twist on light," Nature, vol. 386, pp. 143-149, 1997. (Pubitemid 27131435)
15. S. Reitzenstein, C. Hofmann, A. Gorbunov, M. Strauß, S. H. Kwon, C. Schneider, A. L̈offler, S. Ḧofling, M. Kamp, and A. Forchel, "AlAs/GaAs micropillar cavities with quality factors exceeding 150.000," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 90, pp. 251109-1-251109-3, 2007.
16. C. B̈ockler, S. Reitzenstein, C. Kistner, R. Debusmann, A. L̈offler, T. Kida, S. Ḧofling, A. Forchel, L. Grenouillet, J. Claudon, and J. M. Ǵerard, "Electrically driven high-Q quantum dot-micropillar cavities," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 92, pp. 091107-1-091107-3, 2008.
17. J. Sweet, B. C. Richards, J. D. Olitzky, J. Hendrickson, G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, D. Litvinov, D. Gerthsen, D. Z. Hu, D. M. Schaadt, M.Wegener, U. Khankhoje, and A. Scherer, "GaAs photonic crystal slab nanocavities: Growth, fabrication, and quality factor," Photon. Nanostruct. Fund. Appl., vol. 8, pp. 1-6, 2007.
18. Y. Akahane, T. Asano, B.-S. Song, and S. Noda, "High-Q photonic nanocavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal," Nature, vol. 425, pp. 944-947, 2003. (Pubitemid 37376922)
19. G. Khitrova, H. M. Gibbs, M. Kira, S. W. Koch, and A. Scherer, "Vacuum Rabi splitting in semiconductors," Nat. Phys., vol. 2, pp. 81-90, 2006. (Pubitemid 43731376)
20. M. Lermer, N. Gregersen, F. Dunzer, S. Reitzenstein, S. Ḧofling, J. Mørk, L. Worschech, M. Kamp, and A. Forchel, "Bloch-wave engineering of quantum dot micropillars for cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 108, pp. 057402-1-057402-4, 2012.
21. E. M. Purcell, "Spontaneous emission probabilities at radio frequencies," Phys. Rev., vol. 69, p. 681, 1946.
22. J.-Y. Marzin, J.-M. G'erard, A. Izräel, D. Barrier, and G. Bastard, "Photoluminescence of single InAs quantum dots obtained by self-organized growth on GaAs," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 73, pp. 716-719, 1994. (Pubitemid 24976307)
23. J. M. G'erard, D. Barrier, J. Y. Marzin, R. Kuszelewicz, L. Manin, E. Costard, V. Thierry-Mieg, and T. Rivera, "Quantum boxes as active probes for photonic microstructures: The pillar microcavity case," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 69, pp. 449-451, 1996. (Pubitemid 126630786)
24. J. M. G'erard, B. Sermage, B. Gayral, B. Legrand, E. Costard, and V. Thierry-Mieg, "Enhanced spontaneous emission by quantum boxes in a monolithic optical microcavity," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 81, pp. 1110-1113, 1998. (Pubitemid 128628923)
25. M. Bayer, T. L. Reinecke, F. Weidner, A. Larionov, A. McDonald, and A. Forchel, "Inhibition and enhancement of the spontaneous emission of quantum dots in structured microresonator," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 86, pp. 3168-3171, 2001. (Pubitemid 32317887)
26. G. S. Solomon, M. Pelton, and Y. Yamamoto, "Single-mode spontaneous emission from a single quantum dot in a three-dimensionalmicrocavity," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 86, pp. 3903-3906, 2001. (Pubitemid 32425360)
27. O. G. Schmidt Ed., Lateral Alignment of Epitaxial Quantum Dots. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2007.
28. C. Schneider, T. Heindel, A. Huggenberger, P. Weinmann, C. Kistner, M. Kamp, S. Reitzenstein, S. Ḧofling, and A. Forchel, "Single photon emission from a site-controlled quantum dot-micropillar cavity system," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 94, pp. 111111-1-111111-3, 2009.
29. F. Albert, S. Stobbe, C. Schneider, T.Heindel, S. Reitzenstein, S.Ḧofling, P. Lodahl, L.Worschech, and A. Forchel, "Quantum efficiency and oscillator strength of site-controlled InAs quantum dots," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 96, pp. 151102-1-151102-3, 2010.
30. A. Huggenberger, S. Heckelmann, C. Schneider, S. Ḧofling, S. Reitzenstein, L. Worschech, M. Kamp, and A. Forchel, "Narrow spectral linewidth from single site-controlled In(Ga)As quantum dots with high uniformity," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 98, pp. 131104-1-131104-3, 2011.
31. A. Dousse, L. Lanco, J. Suffczynski, E. Semenova, A. Miard, A. Lemâ?tre, I. Sagnes, C. Roblin, J. Bloch, and P. Senellart, "Controlled light-matter coupling for a single quantum dot embedded in a pillar microcavity using far-field optical lithography," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 101, pp. 267404-1-267404-4, 2008.
32. M. Munsch, A. Mosset, A. Auff̀eves, S. Seidelin, J. P. Poizat, J.-M. G'erard, A. Lemâ?tre, I. Sagnes, and P. Senellart, "Continuous-wave versus time-resolved measurements of Purcell factors for quantum dots in semiconductor microcavities," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 80, pp. 115312-1-115312-8, 2009.
33. D. J. P. Ellis, A. J. Bennett, S. J. Dewhurst, C. A. Nicoll, D. A. Ritchie, and A. J Shields, "Cavity-enhanced radiative emission rate in a singlephoton-emitting diode operating at 0.5 GHz," New J. Phys., vol. 10, pp. 043035-1-043035-8, 2008.
34. C. Kistner, K. Morgener, S. Reitzenstein, C. Schneider, S. Ḧofling, L. Worschech, A. Forchel, P. Yao, and S. Hughes, "Strong coupling in a quantum dot micropillar system under electrical current injection," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 96, pp. 221102-1-221102-3, 2010.
35. J. M. G'erard and B. Gayral, "InAs quantum dots: Artificial atoms for solid-state cavity-quantum electrodynamics," Physica E, vol. 9, pp. 131-139, 2001. (Pubitemid 32070742)
36. A. Imamoglu, D. D. Awschalom, G. Burkard, D. P. DiVincenzo, D. Loss, M. Sherwin, andA. Small, "Quantum information processing using quantum dot spins and cavity QED," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 83, pp. 4204-4207, 1999. (Pubitemid 129585304)
37. K. Hennessy, A. Badolato, M.Winger, D. Gerace, M. Ataẗure, S. Gulde, S. F̈alt, E. L. Hu, and A. Imamoglu, "Quantum nature of a strongly coupled single quantum dot-cavity system," Nature, vol. 445, pp. 896-899, 2007.
38. D. Press, S. G̈otzinger, S. Reitzenstein, C. Hofmann, A. L̈offler, M. Kamp, A. Forchel, and Y. Yamamoto, "Photon antibunching from a single quantum-dot-microcavity system in the strong coupling regime," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 98, pp. 117402-1-117402-4, 2007.
39. R. Hanbury Brown and R. Q. Twiss, "Correlation between photons in two coherent beams of light," Nature, vol. 177, pp. 27-29, 1956.
40. R. Loudon, The Quantum Theory of Light, 2nd ed. Oxford, U.K: Clarendon, 1983.
41. M. Kaniber, A. Laucht, A. Neumann, J. M. Villas-B̂oas, M. Bichler, M.-C. Amann, and J. J. Finley, "Investigation of the nonresonant dot-cavity coupling in two-dimensional photonic crystal nanocavities," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 77, pp. 161303-1-161303-4(R), 2008.
42. S. Ates, S. M. Ulrich, A. Ulhaq, S. Reitzenstein, A. L̈offler, S. Ḧofling, A. Forchel, and P. Michler, "Non-resonant dot-cavity coupling and its potential for resonant single-quantum-dot spectroscopy," Nat. Phot., vol. 3, pp. 724-728, 2009.
43. A. Naesby, T. Suhr, P. T. Kristensen, and J. Mørk, "Influence of pure dephasing on emission spectra from single photon sources," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 78, pp. 045802-1-045802-4, 2008.
44. M. Yamaguchi, T. Asano, and S. Noda, "Photon emission by nanocavityenhanced quantum anti-Zeno effect in solid-state cavity quantumelectrodynamics," Opt. Express, vol. 16, pp. 18067-18081, 2008.
45. A. Auff'eves, J.-M. G'erard, and J.-P. Poizat, "Pure emitter dephasing: A resource for advanced solid-state single-photon sources," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 79, pp. 053838-1-053838-5, 2009.
46. S. Rudin and T. L. Reinecke, "Oscillatormodel for vacuum Rabi splitting in microcavities," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 59, pp. 10227-10232, 1999.
47. M. Brune, F. Schmidt-Kaler, A. Maali, J. Dreyer, E. Hagley, J. M. Raimond, and S. Haroche, "Quantum Rabi oscillation: A direct test of field quantization in a cavity," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 76, pp. 1800-1803, 1996. (Pubitemid 126638870)
48. J. M. Fink, M. G̈oppl, M. Baur, R. Bianchetti, P. J. Leek, A. Blais, and A√. Wallraff, "Climbing the Jaynes-Cummings ladder and observing its n nonlinearity in a cavityQEDsystem," Nature, vol. 454, pp. 315-318, 2008. (Pubitemid 352013548)
49. S.M̈unch, S. Reitzenstein, P. Franeck, A. L̈offler, T. Heindel, S. Ḧofling, L. Worschech, and A. Forchel, "The role of optical excitation power on the emission spectra of a strongly coupled quantum dot-micropillar system," Opt. Express, vol. 17, pp. 12821-12828, 2009.
50. P. Yao, P. K. Pathak, E. Illes, S. Hughes, S. M̈unch, S. Reitzenstein, P. Franeck,A. L̈offler, T. Heindel, S.Ḧofling, L.Worschech, and A. Forchel, "Nonlinear photoluminescence spectra from a quantum-dot-cavity system: Interplay of pump-induced stimulated emission and anharmonic cavity QED," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 81, pp. 033309-1-033309-4, 2010.
51. A. Laucht, N. Hauke, J. M. Villas-B̂oas, F. Hofbauer, G. B̈ohm, M. Kaniber, and J. J. Finley, "Dephasing of exciton polaritons in photoexcited InGaAs quantum dots in GaAs nanocavities," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 103, p. 087405-4, 2009.
52. L. V. Keldysh, V. D. Kulakovskii, S. Reitzenstein, M. N. Makhonin, and A. Forchel, "Interference effects in the emission spectra of quantum dots in high-quality cavities," JEPT Lett., vol. 84, pp. 494-499, 2006.
53. F. P. Laussy, E. del Valle, and C. Tejedor, "Strong coupling of quantum dots in microcavities," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 101, pp. 083601-1-083601-4, 2008.
54. L. Schneebeli, M. Kira, and S. W. Koch, "Characterization of strong light-matter coupling in semiconductor quantum-dot microcavities via photon-statistics spectroscopy," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 101, pp. 097401-1-097401-4, 2008.
55. A. Faraon, I. Fushman, D. Englund, N. Stoltz, P. Petroff, and J. Vuckovic, "Coherent generation of non-classical light on a chip via photon-induced tunnelling and blockade," Nat. Phys., vol. 4, pp. 859-863, 2008.
56. J. Kasprzak, S. Reitzenstein, E. A. Muljarov, C. Kistner, C. Schneider, M. Strauss, S. Ḧofling, A. Forchel, and W. Langbein Nat. Mat., vol. 9, pp. 304-308, 2010.
57. W. Langbein and B. Patton, "Heterodyne spectral interferometry for multidimensional nonlinear spectroscopy of individual quantum systems," Opt. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 1151-1153, 2006. (Pubitemid 43837482)
58. A. Faraon, D. Englund, I. Fushman, J. Vuckovic, N. Stoltz, and P. Petroff, "Local quantum dot tuning on photonic crystal chips," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 90, pp. 213110-1-213110-3, 2007.
59. C. Kistner, T. Heindel, C. Schneider, A. Rahimi-Iman, S. Reitzenstein, S. Ḧofling, and A. Forchel, "Demonstration of strong coupling via electro-optical tuning in high-quality QD-micropillar systems," Opt. Express, vol. 16, pp. 15006-15012, 2008.
60. A. Laucht, F. Hofbauer, N. Hauke, J. Angele, S. Stobbe, M. Kaniber, G. B̈ohm, P. Lodahl, M.-C. Amann, and J. J. Finley, "Electrical control of spontaneous emission and strong coupling for a single quantum dot," New J. Phys., vol. 11, pp. 023034-1-023034-11, 2009.
61. S. Reitzenstein, S. M̈unch, P. Franeck, A. Rahimi-Iman, A. L̈offler, S. Ḧofling, L. Worschech, and A. Forchel, "Control of the strong light-matter interaction between an elongated In0.3Ga0.7 As quantum dot and a micropillar cavity using external magnetic fields," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 103, pp. 127401-1-127401-4, 2009.
62. S. Reitzenstein, S. M̈unch, P. Franeck, A. L̈offler, S. Ḧofling, L. Worschech, A. Forchel, I. V. Ponomarev, and T. L. Reinecke, "Exciton spin state mediated photon-photon coupling in a strongly coupled quantum dot microcavity system," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 82, pp. 121306-1-121306-4(R), 2010.
63. H. Kim, D. Sridharan, T. C. Shen, G. S. Solomon, and E. Waks, "Strong coupling between two quantum dots and a photonic crystal cavity using magnetic field tuning," Opt. Express, vol. 19, pp. 2589-2598, 2011.
64. A. Faraon, D. Englund, D. Bulla, B. Luther-Davies, B. J. Eggleton, N. Stoltz, P. Petroff, and J. Vuckovic, "Local tuning of photonic crystal cavities using chalcogenide glasses," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 92, pp. 043123-1-043123-3, 2008.
65. S. Reitzenstein, A. L̈offler, C. Hofmann, A. Kubanek, M. Kamp, J. P. Reithmaier, A. Forchel, V. D. Kulakovskii, L. V. Keldysh, I. V. Ponomarev, and T. L. Reinecke, "Coherent photonic coupling of semiconductor quantum dots," Opt. Lett., vol. 31, pp. 1738-1740, 2006. (Pubitemid 44014430)
66. A. Laucht, J.M.Villas-B̂oas, S. Stobbe,N.Hauke, F.Hofbauer, G.B̈ohm, P. Lodahl, M.-C. Amann, M. M. Kaniber, and J. J. Finley, "Mutual coupling of two semiconductor quantum dots via an optical nanocavity," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 82, pp. 075305-1-075305-6, 2010.
67. M. Nomura,N.Kumagai, S. Iwamoto,Y. Ota, andY.Arakawa, "Laser oscillation in a strongly coupled single-quantum-dot-nanocavity system," Nat. Phys., vol. 6, pp. 279-283, 2010.
68. Y. Ota, S. Iwamoto, N. Kumagai, and Y. Arakawa, "Spontaneous twophoton emission from a single quantum dot," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 107, pp. 233602-1-233602-5, 2011.
69. A. B. Young, R. Oulton, C. Y. Hu, A. C. T. Thijssen, C. Schneider, S. Reitzenstein, M. Kamp, S. Ḧofling, L. Worschech, A. Forchel, and J. G. Rarity, "Quantum-dot-induced phase shift in a pillar microcavity," Phys. Lett. A, vol. 84, pp. 011803-1-011803-4(R), 2011.
70. A. J. Shields, "Quantum light sources," Nat. Phot., vol. 1, pp. 215-223, 2007.
71. L. Jacak, P. Hawrylak, and A.Wojs, Quantum Dots. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 1998.
72. M. Bayer, O. Stern, P. Hawrylak, S. Fafard, and A. Forchel, "Hidden symmetries in the energy levels of excitonic 'artificial atoms'," Nature, vol. 405, pp. 923-926, 2000. (Pubitemid 30435042)
73. P. Michler,A.Kiraz, C. Becher,W.V. Schoenfeld, P.M. Petroff, L. Zhang, E. Hu, and A. Imamoglu, "A quantum dot single-photon turnstile device," Science, vol. 290, pp. 2282-2285, 2000. (Pubitemid 32041564)
74. O. Benson, C. Santori, M. Pelton, and Y. Yamamoto, "Regulated and entangled photons from a single quantum dot," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 84, pp. 2513-2516, 2000.
75. E. Knill, R. Laflamme, and G. J. Milburn, "A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics," Nature, vol. 409, pp. 46-52, 2001. (Pubitemid 32098618)
76. D. Bouwmeester, J.-W. Pan, K. Mattle, M. Eibl, H. Weinfurter, and A. Zeilinger, "Experimental quantum teleportation," Nature, vol. 390, pp. 575-579, 1997. (Pubitemid 28016184)
77. H. de Riedmatten, I. Marcikic, J. A. W. van Houwelingen, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, and N. Gisin, "Long-distance entanglement swapping with photons from separated sources," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 71, pp. 050302-1-050302-4(R), 2005.
78. W. L. Barnes, G. Bj̈ork, J. M G'erard, P. Jonsson, J. A. E. Wasey, P. T. Worthing, and V. Zwiller, "Solid-state single photon sources: Light collection strategies," Eur. Phys. J. D, vol. 18, pp. 197-210, 2002. (Pubitemid 40793092)
79. N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel, and H. Zbinden, "Quantum cryptography," Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 74, pp. 145-195, 2002.
80. N. Sangouard, C. Simon, J. Mińaø, H. Zbinden, H. de Riedmatten, and N. Gisin, "Long-distance entanglement distribution with single-photon sources," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 76, pp. 050301-1-050301-4(R), 2007.
81. C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vukovic, G. S. Solomon, and Y. Yamamoto, "Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device," Nature, vol. 419, pp. 594-597, 2002.
82. S. Strauf, N. G. Stoltz, M. T. Rakher, L. A. Coldren, P. M. Petroff, and D. Bouwmeester, "High-frequency single-photon source with polarization control," Nat. Photon., vol. 1, pp. 704-708, 2007.
83. A. Lochmann, E. Stock, J. A. T̈offlinger, W. Unrau, A. Toropov, A. Bakarov, V. Haisler, and D. Bimberg, "Electrically pumped, microcavity based single photon source driven at 1 GHz," Electronics Lett., vol. 45, p. 566, 2009.
84. T. Lund-Hansen, S. Stobbe, B. Julsgaard, H. Thyrrestrup, T. S̈unner, M. Kamp, A. Forchel, and P. Lodahl, "Experimental realization of highly efficient broadband coupling of single quantum dots to a photonic crystal waveguide," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 101, pp. 113903-1-113903-4, 2008.
85. T. Heindel, C. Schneider, M. Lermer, S. H. Kwon, T. Braun, S. Reitzenstein, S. Ḧofling, M. Kamp, and A. Forchel, "Electrically driven quantum dot-micropillar single photon source with 34% overall efficiency," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 96, pp. 011107-1-011107-3, 2010.
86. S. Reitzenstein, T. Heindel, C. Kistner, F. Albert, T. Braun, C. Hopfmann, P. Mrowinski, M. Lermer, C. Schneider, S.Ḧofling, M. Kamp, and A. Forchel, "Electrically driven quantum dot micropillar light sources," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 1670-1680, Nov.-Dec. 2011.
87. J. Claudon, J. Bleuse, N. S.Malik,M. Bazin, P. Jaffrennou, N. Gregersen, C. Sauvan, P. Lalanne, and J.-M-G'erard, "A highly efficient singlephoton source based on a quantum dot in a photonic nanowire," Nat. Phot., vol. 4, pp. 174-177, 2010.
88. A. J. Bennett, R. B. Patel, A. J. Shields, K. Cooper, P. Atkinson, C. A. Nicoll, and D. A. Ritchie, "Indistinguishable photons from a diode," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 92, pp. 193503-1-193503-3, 2008.
89. S. Ates, S.M.Ulrich, S. Reitzenstein,A. L̈offler, A. Forchel, and P.Michler, "Post-Selected Indistinguishable photons from the resonance fluorescence of a single quantum dot in a microcavity," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 103, pp. 167402-1-167402-4, 2009.
90. E. Schr̈odinger, "The present situation in quantum mechanics," in Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 1935, vol. 31, p. 555.
91. D. Bouwmeester, E. K. Ekert, and A. Zeilinger, The Physics of Quantum Information. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2000.
92. P. G. Kwiat, K. Mattle, H.Weinfurter, A. Zeilinger, A. V. Sergienko, and Y. Shih, "New high-intensity source of polarization-entangled photon pairs," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 75, pp. 4337-4340, 1995.
93. R. M. Stevenson, R. J. Young, P. Atkinson, K. Cooper, D. A. Ritchie, and A. J. Shields, "A semiconductor source of triggered entangled photon pairs," Nature, vol. 439, pp. 179-182, 2006.
94. A. Gilchrist,K. J.Resch, and A. G. White, "Quantum information: Source of triggered entangled photon pairs?" Nature, vol. 445, pp. E4-E5, 2007. (Pubitemid 46095713)
95. R. J. Young, R. M. Stevenson, P. Atkinson, K. Cooper, D. A. Ritchie, and A. J Shields, "Improved fidelity of triggered entangled photons from single quantum dots," New J. Phys., vol. 8, pp. 29-1-29-9, 2006.
96. N. Akopian,N.H. Lindner, E. Poem,Y. Berlatzky, J.Avron, D. Gershoni, B. D. Gerardot, and P. M. Petroff, "Entangled photon pairs from semiconductor quantum dots," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 96, pp. 130501-1-130501-4, 2006.
97. M. Bayer and A. Forchel, "Temperature dependence of the exciton homogeneous linewidth in In0.60Ga0.40 As/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 65, pp. 041308-041311(R), 2002.
98. D. J. P. Ellis, R. M. Stevenson, R. J. Young, A. J. Shields, P. Atkinson, and D. A. Ritchie, "Control of fine-structure splitting of individual InAs quantum dots by rapid thermal annealing," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 90, pp. 011907-1-011907-3, 2007.
99. A. Schliwa, M. Winkelnkemper, A. Lochmann, E. Stock, and D. Bimberg, "In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots grown on a (111) surface as ideal sources of entangled photon pairs," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 80, pp. 161307-1-161307-4(R), 2009.
100. S. Seidl, M. Kroner, A. Ḧogele, K. Karrai, R. J.Warburton, A. Badolato, and P.M. Petroff, "Effect of uniaxial stress on excitons in a self-assembled quantum dot," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 88, pp. 203113-1-203113-3, 2006.
101. B. D. Gerardot, S. Seidl, P. A. Dalgarno, R. J. Warburton, D. Granados, J. M. Garcia, K. Kowalik, O. Krebs, K. Karrai, A. Badolato, and P. M. Petroff, "Manipulating exciton fine structure in quantum dots with a lateral electric field," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 90, pp. 041101-1-041101-3, 2007.
102. D. F.V. James, P. G. Kwiat,W. J. Munro, andA.G.White, "Measurement of qubits," Phys. Rev. A, vol. 64, pp. 052312-1-052312-15, 2001.
103. R. Jozsa, "Fidelity for mixed quantum states," J. Mod. Opt., vol. 41, pp. 2315-2323, 1994.
104. S. Hill and W. K. Wootters, "Entanglement of a pair of quantum bits," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 78, pp. 5022-5025, 1997. (Pubitemid 127644731)
105. G.Vital andR. F.Werner, "Computable measure of entanglement," Phys. Lett. A, vol. 65, pp. 032314-1-032314-11, 2002.
106. R. Hafenbrak, S. M. Ulrich, P. Michler, L. Wang, A. Rastelli, and O. G. Schmidt, "Triggered polarization-entangled photon pairs from a single quantum dot up to 30 K," New J. Phys., vol. 9, pp. 315-1-315-10, 2007.
107. A. Dousse, J. Suffczýnski, A. Beveratos, O. Krebs, A. Lemâ?tre, I. Sagnes, J. Bloch, P. Voisin, and P. Senellart, "Ultrabright source of entangled photon pairs," Nature, vol. 466, pp. 217-222, 2010.
108. N. Akopian, L.Wang, A. Rastelli, O. G. Schmidt, andV. Zwiller, "Hybrid semiconductor-atomic interface: Slowing down single photons from a quantum dot," Nat. Photon., vol. 5, pp. 230-233, 2011.