The use of IV lipid emulsion for lipophilic drug toxicities

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 221-227

  Kaplan, Amy ^a   Whelan, Megan ^a  

^a Angell Animal Medical Center Boston   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIDOTE; LIPID EMULSION;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; CAT; DOG; DRUG TOXICITY; INTOXICATION; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ANIMALS; ANTIDOTES; CATS; DOGS; DRUG TOXICITY; FAT EMULSIONS, INTRAVENOUS; POISONING; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84865595793     PISSN: 05872871     EISSN: 15473317     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5761     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. ASPCA. Top 10 pet poisons of the year. Available at: http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/poison-control/top-10-pet-poisons-of-the-year.html. Accessed April 2, 2012.
2. Weinberg GL, VadeBoncouer T, Ramaraju GA, et al. Pretreatment or resuscitation with a lipid infusion shifts the dose-response to bupivacaine-induced asystole in rats. Anesthesiology 1998;88(4): 1071-5.
3. Rosenblatt MA, Abel M, Fischer GW, et al. Successful use of a 20% lipid emulsion to resuscitate a patient after a presumed bupivacainerelated cardiac arrest. Anesthesiology 2006;105(1):217-8.
4. Bania TC, Chu J, Perez E, et al. Hemodynamic effects of intravenous fat emulsion in an animal model of severe verapamil toxicity resuscitated with atropine, calcium, and saline. Acad Emerg Med 2007; 14(2):105-11.
5. Niiya T, Litonius E, Petäjä L, et al. Intravenous lipid emulsion sequesters amiodarone in plasma and eliminates its hypotensive action in pigs. Ann Emerg Med 2010;56(4):402-8.e2.
6. Litz RJ, Roessel T, Heller AR, et al. Reversal of central nervous system and cardiac toxicity after local anesthetic intoxication by lipid emulsion injection. Anesth Analg 2008;106(5):1575-7.
7. Weinberg GL, Ripper R, Murphy P, et al. Lipid infusion accelerates removal of bupivacaine and recovery from bupivacaine toxicity in the isolated rat heart. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2006;31(4):296-303.
8. Di Gregorio G, Schwartz D, Ripper R, et al. Lipid emulsion is superior to vasopressin in a rodent model of resuscitation from toxininduced cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 2009;37(3):993-9.
9. Stehr SN, Ziegeler JC, Pexa A, et al. The effects of lipid infusion on myocardial function and bioenergetics in l-bupivacaine toxicity in the isolated rat heart. Anesth Analg 2007;104(1):186-92.
10. Weinberg G, Ripper R, Feinstein DL, et al. Lipid emulsion infusion rescues dogs from bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2003;28(3):198-202.
11. Hiller DB, Di Gregorio G, Kelly K, et al. Safety of high volume lipid emulsion infusion: a first approximation of LD50 in rats. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2010;35(2):140-4.
12. Harvey M, Cave G. Intralipid outperforms sodium bicarbonate in a rabbit model of clomipramine toxicity. Ann Emerg Med 2007;49 (2):178-85, 185. e1-4.
13. Perez E, Bania TC, Medlej K, et al. Determining the optimal dose of intravenous fat emulsion for the treatment of severe verapamil toxicity in a rodent model. Acad Emerg Med 2008;15(12):1284-9.
14. Finn SDH, Uncles DR, Willers J, et al. Early treatment of a quetiapine and sertraline overdose with Intralipid. Anaesthesia 2009;64(2):191-4.
15. Weinberg G, Di Gregorio G, Hiller D, et al. Reversal of haloperidolinduced cardiac arrest by using lipid emulsion. Ann Intern Med 2009;150(10):737-8.
16. Sirianni AJ, Osterhoudt KC, Calello DP, et al. Use of lipid emulsion in the resuscitation of a patient with prolonged cardiovascular collapse after overdose of bupropion and lamotrigine. Ann Emerg Med 2008;51(4):412-5, 415. e1.
17. Dean P, Ruddy JP, Marshall S. Intravenous lipid emulsion in propranolol overdose. Anaesthesia 2010;65(11):1148-50.
18. Stellpflug SJ, Harris CR, Engebretsen KM, et al. Intentional overdose with cardiac arrest treated with intravenous fat emulsion and highdose insulin. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010;48(3):227-9.
19. Han SK, Jeong J, Yeom S, et al. Use of a lipid emulsion in a patient with refractory hypotension caused by glyphosate-surfactant herbicide. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010;48(6):566-8.
20. Foxall G, McCahon R, Lamb J, et al. Levobupivacaine-induced seizures and cardiovascular collapse treated with Intralipid. Anaesthesia 2007;62(5):516-8.
21. McCutchen T, Gerancher JC. Early intralipid therapy may have prevented bupivacaine-associated cardiac arrest. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2008;33(2):178-80.
22. Tebbutt S, Harvey M, Nicholson T, et al. Intralipid prolongs survival in a rat model of verapamil toxicity. Acad Emerg Med 2006;13(2): 134-9.
23. Crandell DE, Weinberg GL. Moxidectin toxicosis in a puppy successfully treated with intravenous lipids. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2009;19(2):181-6.
24. O'Brien TQ, Clark-Price SC, Evans EE, et al. Infusion of a lipid emulsion to treat lidocaine intoxication in a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010;237(12):1455-8.
25. Jamaty C, Bailey B, Larocque A, et al. Lipid emulsions in the treatment of acute poisoning: a systematic review of human and animal studies. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2010;48(1):1-27.
26. Albright GA. Cardiac arrest following regional anesthesia with etidocaine or bupivacaine. Anesthesiology 1979;51(4):285-7.
27. Weinberg GL, Laurito CE, Geldner P, et al. Malignant ventricular dysrhythmias in a patient with isovaleric acidemia receiving general and local anesthesia for suction lipectomy. J Clin Anesth 1997;9(8): 668-70.
28. Mirtallo JM, Dasta JF, Kleinschmidt KC, et al. State of the art review: Intravenous fat emulsions: Current applications, safety profile, and clinical implications. Ann Pharmacother 2010;44(4):688-700.
29. Rothschild L, Bern S, Oswald S, et al. Intravenous lipid emulsion in clinical toxicology. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2010;18:51.
30. Weinberg G, Lin B, Zheng S, et al. Partitioning effect in lipid resuscitation: further evidence for the lipid sink. Crit Care Med 2010; 38(11):2268-9.
31. Mazoit JX, Le Guen R, Beloeil H, et al. Binding of long-lasting local anesthetics to lipid emulsions. Anesthesiology 2009;110(2):380-6.
32. Van de Velde M, Wouters PF, Rolf N, et al. Long-chain triglycerides improve recovery from myocardial stunning in conscious dogs. Cardiovasc Res 1996;32(6):1008-15.
33. Huang JM, Xian H, Bacaner M. Long-chain fatty acids activate calcium channels in ventricular myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89(14):6452-6.
34. Gueret G, Pennec JP, Arvieux CC. Hemodynamic effects of intralipid after verapamil intoxication may be due to a direct effect of fatty acids on myocardial calcium channels. Acad Emerg Med 2007; 14(8):761.
35. Mayr VD, Mitterschiffthaler L, Neurauter A, et al. A comparison of the combination of epinephrine and vasopressin with lipid emulsion in a porcine model of asphyxial cardiac arrest after intravenous injection of bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 2008;106(5):1566-71.
36. Hicks SD, Salcido DD, Logue ES, et al. Lipid emulsion combined with epinephrine and vasopressin does not improve survival in a swine model of bupivacaine-induced cardiac arrest. Anesthesiology 2009;111(1):138-46.
37. Harvey M, Cave G, Kazemi A. Intralipid infusion diminishes return of spontaneous circulation after hypoxic cardiac arrest in rabbits. Anesth Analg 2009;108(4):1163-8.
38. Weinberg GL, Di Gregorio G, Ripper R, et al. Resuscitation with lipid versus epinephrine in a rat model of bupivacaine overdose. Anesthesiology 2008;108(5):907-13.
39. Hiller DB, Gregorio GD, Ripper R, et al. Epinephrine impairs lipid resuscitation from bupivacaine overdose: a threshold effect. Anesthesiology 2009;111(3):498-505.
40. Neal JM, Bernards CM, Butterworth JF IV, et al. ASRA practice advisory on local anesthetic systemic toxicity. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2010;35(2):152-61.
41. Weinberg G. Lipid infusion resuscitation for local anesthetic toxicity: proof of clinical efficacy. Anesthesiology 2006;105(1):7-8.
42. Cave G, Harvey M. Intravenous lipid emulsion as antidote beyond local anesthetic toxicity: a systematic review. Acad Emerg Med 2009; 16(9):815-24.
43. Smyrniotis VE, Kostopanagiotou GG, Arkadopoulos NF, et al. Longchain versus medium-chain lipids in acute pancreatitis complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome: effects on pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange. Clin Nutr 2001;20(2):139-43.
44. Venus B, Smith RA, Patel C, et al. Hemodynamic and gas exchange alterations during Intralipid infusion in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Chest 1989;95(6):1278-81.
45. Picard J, Ward SC, Zumpe R, et al. Guidelines and the adoption of 'lipid rescue' therapy for local anaesthetic toxicity. Anaesthesia 2009; 64(2):122-5.
46. Pet Poison Helpine. Common pharmaceutical poisonings from Adderall to Zoloft. Available at: http://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/AB-WVC-A-to-Z-Rx-meds-2010.pdf. Accessed April 10, 2012.
47. Mohammad-Zadeh LF, Moses L, Gwaltney-Brant SM. Serotonin: a review. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2008;31(3):187-99.
48. Pet Poison Helpline. Advances in toxicology: the use of intra-lipid therapy &high-dextrose insulin therapy. Available at: http://www.petpoisonhelpline.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Intravenous-Lipid-Therapy-Proceedings-ACVIM-2010.pdf. Accessed April 10, 2012.
49. Torre DM, Labato MA, Rossi T, et al. Treatment of a dog with severe baclofen intoxication using hemodialysis and mechanical ventilation. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2008;18:312-8.
50. Khorzad R, Lee J, Whelan M, et al. 2011. Baclofen toxicosis in dogs and cats: 145 cases (2004-2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc. In press.
51. Weinberg G. Lipid rescue resuscitation from local anaesthetic cardiac toxicity. Toxicol Rev 2006;25(3):139-45.