Physical activity in middle-age and dementia in later life: Findings from a prospective cohort of men in caerphilly, South Wales and a meta-analysis

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 569-580

  Morgan, Gemma S ^a   Gallacher, John ^b   Bayer, Antony ^c   Fish, Mark ^d   Ebrahim, Shah ^e   Ben Shlomo, Yoav ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b Neuadd Meirionnydd ^*  (United Kingdom)

^c LLANDOUGH HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d MUSGROVE PARK HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^e LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE AND TROPICAL MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cohort studies; dementia; meta analysis; mild cognitive impairment; motor activity; review

Indexed keywords

COGNITIVE DEFECT; COHORT ANALYSIS; DEMENTIA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LEISURE; MEDICAL ETHICS; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PUBLISHING; REVIEW; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; WORK;

EID: 84865576472     PISSN: 13872877     EISSN: 18758908     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2012-112171     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Wanless D (2006) Securing good care for older people: Taking a long-term view. http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/securing good.html.
2. BaumanA (2004) Updating the evidence that physical activity is good for health: An epidemiological review 2000-2003. J Sci Med Sport 7, 6-19.
3. Pekkanen J, Nissinen A, Marti B, Tuomilehto J, Punsar S, KarvonenM (1987) Reduction of premature mortality by high physical activity:A20-year follow-up of middle-aged Finnish men. The Lancet 329, 1473-1477. (Pubitemid 17080601)
4. Hamer M, Chida Y (2009) Physical activity and risk of neurodegenerative disease: A systematic review of prospective evidence. Psychol Med 39, 3-11.
5. Qiu C, Ronchi DD, Fratiglioni L (2007) The epidemiology of the dementias: An update. Curr Opin Psychiatry 20, 380-385. (Pubitemid 46889665)
6. Gomez-Pinilla F, So V, Kesslak JP (1998) Spatial learning and physical activity contribute to the induction of fibroblast growth factor: Neural substances for increased cognition associated with exercise. Neuroscience 85, 53-61. (Pubitemid 28228414)
7. Rogers RL, Meyer JS, MortelKF (1990) After reaching retirement age physical activity sustains cerebral perfusion and cognition. J Am Geriatr Soc 38, 123-128. (Pubitemid 20048816)
8. Hillman C, Erickson KI, KramerAF (2008) Be smart, exercise your heart: Exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nat Rev Neurosci 9, 58-65. (Pubitemid 350295689)
9. Hall CB, Lipton RB, Sliwinski M, Katz M, Derby C, Verghese J (2009) Cognitive activities delay onset of memory decline in persons who develop dementia. Neurology 73, 356-361.
10. Scarmeas N, Stern Y (2003) Cognitive reserve and lifestyle. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 25, 625-633. (Pubitemid 36808148)
11. Abbott RD, White LR, Ross G, Masaki KH, Curb J, Petrovitch H (2004)Walking and dementia in physically capable elderly men. JAMA 292, 1447-1453. (Pubitemid 39258337)
12. Verghese J, LeValley A, Derby C, Kuslansky G, Katz M, Hall C, Buschke H, Lipton R (2006) Leisure activities and the risk of amnestic mild cognitive impairment in the elderly. Neurology 66, 821-827. (Pubitemid 43739754)
13. Taaffe DR, Irie F, Masaki KH, Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, Ross GW, White LR (2008) Physical activity, physical function, and incident dementia in elderly men: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 63, 529-535.
14. Ben-Shlomo Y, Kuh D (2002) A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives. Int J Epidemiol 31, 285-293. (Pubitemid 34537777)
15. Yarnell JWG, Elwood PC, Sweetnam PM, Fehily AM, Rogers S, Burr ML, James KS, Beswic AD, Bainton D, Baker IA, Gallacher JEJ, Hayes TM, Davies KWD, Hobbs D, O'Brien JR, Etherington M, Eastham RD, Bolton CH, Lewis B, Miller NE, Griffiths K, Riad-Fahmy D, Renaud S, Davies DFG, Thomas L, Bloom AL, Giddings JC, Marks V, Woodcock JP, Wells P, Sorenson H, Ising H, Babisch W (1984) Caerphilly and Speedwell collaborative heart disease studies. J Epidemiol Community Health 38, 259-262. (Pubitemid 14070977)
16. Shapiro S, Weinblatt E, Frank C, Sager R (1965) The H.I.P. study of incidence and prognosis of coronary heart disease: Preliminary findings on incidence of myocardial infarction and angina. J Chronic Dis 18, 527-558.
17. Yu S, Yarnell JWG, Sweetnam PM, Murray L (2003) What level of physical activity protects against premature cardiovascular death? The Caerphilly study. Heart 89, 502-506. (Pubitemid 36520797)
18. Taylor HL, Jacobs DRJ, Schucker B (1978) A questionnaire for the assessment of leisure time physical activities. J Chronic Dis 31, 741-755. (Pubitemid 9140316)
19. Fish M, Bayer AJ, Gallacher JE, Bell T, Pickering J, Pedro S, Dunstan FD, Ben-Shlomo Y, Ebrahim S (2008) Prevalence and pattern of cognitive impairment in a community cohort of men in SouthWales: Methodology and findings from the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Neuroepidemiology 30, 25-33. (Pubitemid 351311723)
20. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
21. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, StadlanEM (1984) Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 34, 939-939.
22. Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, Cummings JL, Masdeu JC, Garcia JH, Amaducci L, Orgogozo JM, Brun A, Hofman A (1993) Vascular Dementia: Diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology 43, 250-260.
23. Rosen WG, Terry RD, Fuld PA, Katzman R, Preck A (1980) Pathological verification of ischemic score in differentiation of dementias. Ann Neurol 7, 486-488. (Pubitemid 10073130)
24. WHO (2000) Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 894, i-xii, 1-253.
25. Rose GA (1962) The diagnosis of ischaemic heart pain and intermittent claudication in field surveys. Bull World Health Organ 27, 645-658.
26. Goldberg D, Williams P (1988) A user's guide to the General Health Questionnaire, NFER-Nelson, Windsor.
27. Wiles NJ, Hasse AM, Gallacher JE, Lawlor DA, Lewis G (2007) Physical activity and common mental disorder: Results from the Caerphilly Study. Am J Epidemiol 165, 946-954. (Pubitemid 46536656)
28. Kendall PC, Finch AJJ, Auerbach SM, Hooke JF, Mikulka PJ (1976) The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: A systematic evaluation. J Consult Clin Psychol 44, 406-412.
29. Symons M, MooreD (2002) Hazard rate ratio and prospective epidemiological studies. J Clin Epidemiol 55, 893-899. (Pubitemid 35246560)
30. Broe GA, Creasey H, Jorm AF, Bennett HP, Casey B, Waite LM, Grayson DA, Cullen J (1998) Health habits and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in old age: A prospective study on the effects of exercise, smoking and alcohol consumption. Aust N Z J Public Health 22, 621-623. (Pubitemid 28497860)
31. Kareholt I, Lennartsson C, Gatz M, Parker MG (2011) Baseline leisure time activity and cognition more than two decades later. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 26, 65-74.
32. van Gelder BM, Tijhuis MAR, Kalmijn S, Giampaoli S, Nissinen A, Kromhout D (2004) Physical activity in relation to cognitive decline in elderly men: The FINE Study. Neurology 63, 2316-2321. (Pubitemid 40024343)
33. Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C (1997) Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 315, 629-634. (Pubitemid 27387172)
34. Hebert R, Lindsay J, Verreault R, Rockwood K, Hill G, Dubois MF (2000) Vascular dementia: Incidence and risk factors in the canadian study of health and aging. Stroke 31, 1487-1493. (Pubitemid 30437492)
35. Karp A, Paillard-Borg S, Wang H-X, Silverstein M, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L (2006) Mental, physical and social components in leisure activities equally contribute to decrease dementia risk. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 21, 65-73. (Pubitemid 43107131)
36. Laurin D, Verreault R, Lindsay J, MacPherson K, Rockwood K (2001) Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons. Arch Neurol 58, 498-504. (Pubitemid 32217469)
37. Middleton LE, Kirkland SA, Maxwell CJ, Hogan DB, Rockwood K (2007) Exercise: A potential contributing factor to the relationship between folate and dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 55, 1095-1098. (Pubitemid 47024631)
38. Verghese J, Cuiling W, Katz MJ, Sanders A, LiptonRB (2009) Leisure activities and risk of vascular cognitive impairment in older adults. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 22, 110-118.
39. Lindsay J, Laurin D, Verreault R, Hebert R, Helliwell B, Hill GB, McDowell I (2002) Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: A prospective analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Am J Epidemiol 156, 445-453. (Pubitemid 34976983)
40. Sofi F, Valecchi D, Bacci D, Abbate R, Gensini G, Casini A, Macchi C (2011) Physical activity and risk of cognitive decline: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Int Med 269, 107-117.
41. Plassman BL, Williams JW Jr, Burke JR, Holsinger T, Benjamin S, (2010) Systematic review: Factors associated with risk for and possible prevention of cognitive decline in later life. Ann Int Med 153, 182-193.
42. Rovio S, Kareholt I, Helkala E-L, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Tuomilehto J, Soininen H, Nissinen A, Kivipelto M (2005) Leisure-time physical activity at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Lancet Neurol 4, 705-711. (Pubitemid 41457285)
43. Rovio S, Kareholt I, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Tuomilehto J, Soininen H, Nissinen A, Kivipelto M (2007) Work-related physical activity and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 22, 874-882. (Pubitemid 47455270)
44. Fratiglioni L, Paillard-Borg S, Winblad B (2004) An active and socially integrated lifestyle in late life might protect against dementia. Lancet Neurol 3, 343-353. (Pubitemid 38648855)
45. Yaffe K, Barnes D, Nevitt M, Lui LY, Covinsky K (2001) A prospective study of physical activity and cognitive decline in elderly women: Women who walk. Arch Intern Med 161, 1703-1708. (Pubitemid 32679544)
46. Middleton L, Kirkland S, Rockwood K (2008) Prevention of CIND by physical activity: Different impact on VCI-ND compared with MCI. J Neurol Sci 269, 80-84.
47. Berchtold NC, Kesslak JP, Pike CJ, Adlard PA, Cotman CW (2001) Estrogen and exercise interact to regulate brainderived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein expression in the hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 14, 1992-2002. (Pubitemid 35463686)
48. Shen Y, Chen C, Li S, Zhao Y, Zhang X (1994) Epidemiology of age-related dementia in China. Hong Kong J Psychiatry 4, 17-19.
49. Lee I, Skerrett P (2001) Physical activity and all-cause mortality: What is the dose-response relation? Med Sci Sports Exerc 33, S459-S471. (Pubitemid 32524739)
50. Fielding RA, Rejeski WJ, Blair S, Church T, Espeland MA, Gill TM, Guralnik JM, Hsu FC, Katula J, King AC (2011) The lifestyle interventions and independence for elders study: Design and methods. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 66, 1226-1237.
51. Akbaraly TN, Portet F, Fustinoni S, Dartigues JF, Artero S, Rouaud O, Touchon J, Ritchie K, Berr C (2009) Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly: Results from the three-city study. Neurology 73, 854-861.
52. Chang M, Jonsson PV, Snaedal J, Bjornsson S, Saczynski JS, Aspelund T, Eiriksdottir G, Jonsdottir MK, Lopez OL, Harris TB, Gudnason V, Launer LJ (2010) The effect of midlife physical activity on cognitive function among older adults: AGES-Reykjavik Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 65, 1369-1374.
53. Etgen T, Sander D, Huntgeburth U, Poppert H, Forstl H, Bickel H (2010) Physical activity and incident cognitive impairment in elderly persons: The INVADE study. Arch Intern Med 170, 186-193.
54. Fabrigoule C, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, Zarrouk M, Commenges D, Barberger-Gateau P (1995) Social and leisure activities and risk of dementia: A prospective longitudinal study. J Am Geriatr Soc 43, 485-490.
55. Gureje O, Ogunniyi A, Kola L, Abiona T (2011) Incidence of and risk factors for dementia in the Ibadan study of aging. J Am Geriatr Soc 59, 869-874.
56. Larson EB, Wang L, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, Crane P, KukullW (2006) Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older. Ann Int Med 144, 73-81. (Pubitemid 46768225)
57. Lytle ME, Bilt JV, Pandav RS, Dodge HH, GanguliM (2004) Exercise level and cognitive decline: The MoVIES project. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 18, 57-64. (Pubitemid 38737780)
58. Podewils LJ, Guallar E, Kuller LH, Fried LP, Lopez OL, Carlson M, Lyketsos CG (2005) Physical activity, APOE genotype, and dementia risk: Findings from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study. Am J Epidemiol 161, 639-651. (Pubitemid 40411092)
59. Ravaglia G, Forti P, Lucicesare A, Pisacane N, Rietti E, Bianchin M, Dalmonte E (2008) Physical activity and dementia risk in the elderly: Findings from a prospective Italian study. Neurology 70, 1786-1794. (Pubitemid 351653964)
60. Scarmeas N, Luchsinger JA, Schupf N, Brickman AM, Cosentino S, Tang MX, Stern Y (2009) Physical activity, diet, and risk of Alzheimer disease. JAMA 302, 627-637.
61. Schuit AJ, Feskens EJ, Launer LJ, Kromhout D (2001) Physical activity and cognitive decline, the role of the apolipoprotein e4 allele. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33, 772-777. (Pubitemid 32336638)
62. Sumic A, Michael YL, Carlson NE, Howieson DB, Kaye JA (2007) Physical activity and the risk of dementia in oldest old. J Aging Health 19, 242-259. (Pubitemid 46548382)
63. Verghese J, Lipton RB, Katz MJ, Hall CB, Derby CA, Kuslansky G, Ambrose AF, Sliwinski M, Buschke H (2003) Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly. N Engl J Med 348, 2508-2516. (Pubitemid 36706538)
64. Wang HX, Karp A, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L (2002) Late-life engagement in social and leisure activities is associated with a decreased risk of dementia: A longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen project. Am J Epidemiol 155, 1081-1087. (Pubitemid 34625496)
65. Wilson RS, Bennett DA, Bienias JL, Aggarwal NT, Mendes de Leon CF, Morris MC, Schneider JA, EvansDA (2002) Cognitive activity and incident AD in a population-based sample of older persons. Neurology 59, 1910-1914. (Pubitemid 36076563)
66. Yoshitake T, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, Ohmura T, Iwamoto H, Nakayama K, Ohmori S, Nomiyama K, Kawano H, Ueda K, Sueishi K, Tsuneyoshi M, FujishimaM (1995) Incidence and risk factors of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in a defined elderly Japanese population: The Hisayama Study. Neurology 45, 1161-1168.