An active and socially integrated lifestyle in late life might protect against dementia

Lancet Neurology

Volumn 3, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 343-353

  Fratiglioni, Laura ^a,b   Paillard Borg, Stephanie ^a   Winblad, Bengt ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM GERONTOLOGY RESEARCH CENTER   (Sweden)

^b AGING RESEARCH CENTER   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BIOLOGY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; COGNITION; COPING BEHAVIOR; DEMENTIA; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; HYPOTHESIS; LEARNING; LEISURE; LIFESTYLE; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MARRIAGE; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; OBSERVATION; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; REVIEW; SATISFACTION; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL INTERACTION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; SOCIETY; SOCIOLOGY; STRESS; STROKE; TRAINING;

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIALS; DEMENTIA; HUMANS; LEISURE ACTIVITIES; LIFE STYLE; PHYSICAL FITNESS; RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL SUPPORT; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 2442566380     PISSN: 14744422     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00767-7     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Schaie KW. Longitudinal studies of adult psychological development. 1983;Guilford Press, New York
2. Salthouse TA. Theoretical perspectives on cognitive aging. 1991;Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale
3. Berkman LF, Glass TA, Brisette I, Seeman TE. From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Soc Sci Med. 51:2000;843-857
4. House JS, Landis KR, Umberson D. Social relationships and health. Science. 241:1988;540-545
5. Seeman TE, Crimmins E. Social environment effects on health and aging: integrating epidemiologic and demographic approaches and perspectives. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 954:2001;88-117
6. Eng PM, Rimm EB, Fitzmaurice G, Kawachi I. Social ties and change in social ties in relation to subsequent total and cause-specific mortality and coronary heart disease incidence in men. Am J Epidemiol. 155:2002;700-709
7. Ceria CD, Masaki KH, Rodriguez BL, Chen R, Yano K, Curb JD. The relationship of psychosocial factors to total mortality among older Japanese-American men: the Honolulu Heart Program. J Am Geriatr Soc. 49:2001;725-731
8. Iwasaki M, Otani T, Sunaga R, et al. Social networks and mortality based on the Komo-Ise cohort study in Japan. Int J Epidemiol. 31:2002;1208-1218
9. Bowling A, Grundy E. The association between social networks and mortality in later life. Rev Clin Gerontol. 8:1998;353-361
10. Avlund K, Lund R, Holstein BE, Due P, Sakari-Rantala R, Heikkinen RL. The impact of structural and functional characteristics of social relations as determinants of functional decline. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 59:2004;S44-51
11. Marrugat J, Sala J, Masiá R. Mortality differences between men and women following first myocardial infarction. JAMA. 280:1998;1405-1409
12. Hemingway H, Marmot M. Evidence based cardiology: psychosocial factors in the aetiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease: systematic review of prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 318:1999;1460-1467
13. Horsten M, Mittleman MA, Wamala SP, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Orth-Gomér K. Depressive symptoms and lack of social integration in relation to prognosis of CHD in middle-aged women: the Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study. Eur Heart J. 21:2000;1072-1080
14. Rosengren A, Lars Wilhelmsen L, Orth-Gomér K. Coronary disease in relation to social support and social class in Swedish men: a 15 year follow-up in the study of men born in 1933. Eur Heart J. 25:2004;56-63
15. Berkman LF, Leo-Summers L, Horwitz RI. Emotional support and survival following myocardial infarction: A prospective population-based study of the elderly. Ann Intern Med. 117:1992;1003-1009
16. Seeman TE. Social ties and health: the benefits of social integration. Ann Epidemiol. 6:1996;442-451
17. Bygren LO, Konlaan BB, Johansson SE. Attendance at cultural events, reading books or periodicals, and making music or singing in a choir as determinants for survival: Swedish interview survey of living conditions. BMJ. 313:1996;1577-1580
18. Glass T, de Leon CM, Marottoli RA, Berkman LF. Population based study of social and productive activities as predictors of survival among elderly Americans. BMJ. 319:1999;478-483
19. Lennartsson C, Silverstein M. Does engagement with life enhance survival of elderly people in Sweden? The role of social and leisure activities. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 56B:2001;S335-S342
20. Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, et al. Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA. 273:1995;402-407
21. Bassey EJ. The benefits of exercise for health of older people. Rev Clin Gerontol. 10:2000;17-30
22. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Walker M. Changes in physical activity, mortality, and incidence of coronary heart disease in older men. Lancet. 351:1998;1603-1608
23. Kushi LH, Fee RM, Folsom AR, Mink PJ, Anderson KE, Sellers TA. Physical activity and mortality in postmenopausal women. JAMA. 277:1997;1287-1292
24. Mensink GB, Ziese T, Kok FJ. Benefits of leisure-time physical activity on the cardiovascular risk profile at older age. Int J Epidemiol. 28:1999;659-666
25. Lee IM, Rexrode KM, Cook NR, JoAnn E, Manson JE, Buring JE. Physical activity and Coronary heart disease in women: is "no pain, no gain" passé? JAMA. 285:2001;1447-1454
26. Manson JE, Greenland P, LaCroix AZ, et al. Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. N Engl J Med. 347:2002;716-725
27. Sesso HD, Paffenbarger RSJ, Lee IM. Physical activity and coronary heart disease in men: the Harvard Alumni Health Study. Circulation. 102:2000;975-980
28. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Alberti KG. Physical activity, metabolic factors, and the incidence of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Arch Intern Med. 160:2000;2108-2116
29. Byberg L, Zethelius B, McKeigue PM, Lithell HO. Changes in physical activity are associated with changes in metabolic cardiovascular risk factors. Diabetologia. 44:2001;2134-2139
30. Strawbridge WJ, Deleger S, Roberts RE, Kaplan GA. Physical activity reduces the risk of subsequent depression for older adults. Am J Epidemiol. 156:2002;328-334
31. Bassuk SS, Glass TA, Berkman LF. Social disengagement and incident cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly persons. Ann Intern Med. 131:1999;165-173
32. Hultsch DF, Hertzog C, Small BJ, Dixon RA. Use it or lose it: engaged lifestyle as a buffer of cognitive decline in aging? Psychol Aging. 14:1999;245-263
33. Seeman TE, Lusignolo TM, Albert M, Berkman L. Social relationships, social support, and patterns of cognitive aging in healthy, high-functioning older adults: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Health Psychol. 20:2001;243-255
34. Bosma H, van Boxtel MP, Ponds RW, et al. Engaged lifestyle and cognitive function in middle and old-aged, non-demented persons: a reciprocal association? Z Gerontol Geriatr. 35:2002;575-581
35. Aartsen MJ, Smits CH, van Tilburg T, Knipscheer KC, Deeg DJ. Activity in older adults: cause or consequence of cognitive functioning? A longitudinal study on everyday activities and cognitive performance in older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 57:2002;P153-P162
36. Menec V. The relation between everyday activities and successful aging: a 6-year longitudinal study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 58:2003;S74-82
37. Zunzunegui MV, Alvarado BE, Del Ser T, Otero A. Social networks, social integration, and social engagement determine cognitive decline in community-dwelling Spanish older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 58:2003;S93-100
38. Gold DP, Andres D, Etezadi J, Arbuckle T, Schwartzman A, Chaikelson JS. Structural equation model of intellectual change and continuity and predictors of intelligence in older men. Psychol Aging. 10:1995;294-303
39. Richards M, Hardy R, Wadsworth ME. Does active leisure protect cognition? Evidence from a national birth cohort. Soc Sci Med. 56:2003;785-792
40. Arbuckle TY, Maag U, Pushkar D, Chaikelson JS. Individual differences in trajectory of intellectual development over 45 years of adulthood. Psychol Aging. 13:1998;663-675
41. Albert MS, Jones K, Savage CR, et al. Predictors of cognitive change in older persons: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Psychol Aging. 10:1995;578-589
42. Carmelli D, Swan GE, LaRue A, Eslinger PJ. Correlates of change in cognitive function in survivors from the Western Collaborative Group Study. Neuroepidemiology. 16:1997;285-295
43. Yaffe K, Barnes D, Nevitt M, Lui LY, Covinsky K. A prospective study of physical activity and cognitive decline in elderly women: women who walk. Arch Intern Med. 161:2001;1703-1708
44. Schuit AJ, Feskens EJ, Launer LJ, Kromhout D. Physical activity and cognitive decline, the role of the apolipoprotein e4 allele. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 33:2001;772-777
45. Ho SC, Woo J, Sham A, Chan SG, Yu AL. A 3-year follow-up study of social, lifestyle and health predictors of cognitive impairment in a Chinese older cohort. Int J Epidemiol. 30:2001;1389-1396
46. Karp A, Kareholt I, Qiu C, Bellander T, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Relation of education and occupation-based socioeconomic status to incident Alzheimer's disease. Am J Epidemiol. 159:2004;175-183
47. Hill RD, Bäckman L, Stigsdotter Neely A. Cognitive rehabilitation in old age. 2000;Oxford University Press, New York
48. Churchill JD, Galvez R, Colcombe S, Swain RA, Kramer AF, Greenough WT. Exercise, experience and the aging brain. Neurobiol Aging. 23:2002;941-955
49. Derwinger A, Stigsdotter Neely A, Persson M, Hill RD, Bäckman L. Remembering numbers in old age: mnemonic training versus self-generated strategy training. Aging Neuropsychol Cognit. 10:2003;202-214
50. Jobe JB, Smith DM, Ball K, et al. ACTIVE: a cognitive intervention trial to promote independence in older adults. Control Clin Trials. 22:2001;453-479
51. Ball K, Berch DB, Helmers KF, et al. Effects of cognitive training interventions with older adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 288:2002;2271-2281
52. Kramer AF, Hahn S, Cohen NJ, et al. Ageing, fitness and neurocognitive function. Nature. 400:1999;418-419
53. Colcombe S, Kramer AF. Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: a meta-analytic study. Psychol Sci. 14:2003;125-130
54. Bickel H, Cooper B. Incidence and relative risk of dementia in an urban elderly population: findings of a prospective field study. Psychol Med. 24:1994;179-192
55. Fabrigoule C, Letenneur L, Dartigues JF, et al. Social and leisure activities and risk of dementia: a prospective longitudinal study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 43:1995;485-490
56. Helmer C, Damon D, Letenneur L, et al. Marital status and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a French population-based cohort study. Neurology. 53:1999;1953-1958
57. Fratiglioni L, Wang HX, Ericsson K, Maytan M, Winblad B. Influence of social network on occurrence of dementia: a community-based longitudinal study. Lancet. 355:2000;1315-1319
58. Scarmeas N, Levy G, Tang MX, Manly J, Stern Y. Influence of leisure activity on the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 57:2001;2236-2242
59. Wang HX, Karp A, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. Late-life engagement in social and leisure activities is associated with a decreased risk of dementia: a longitudinal study from the Kungsholmen project. Am J Epidemiol. 155:2002;1081-1087
60. Wilson RS, Mendes De Leon CF, Barnes LL, et al. Participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. JAMA. 287:2002;742-748
61. Wilson RS, Bennett DA, Bienias JL, et al. Cognitive activity and incident AD in a population-based sample of older persons. Neurology. 59:2002;1910-1914
62. Verghese J, Lipton RB, Katz MJ, et al. Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly. N Engl J Med. 348:2003;2508-2516
63. Crowe M, Andel R, Pedersen NL, Johansson B, Gatz M. Does participation in leisure activities lead to reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease? A prospective study of Swedish twins. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 58:2003;P249-P255
64. Yoshitake T, Kiyohara Y, Kato I, et al. Incidence and risk factors of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in a defined elderly Japanese population: the Hisayama Study. Neurology. 45:1995;1161-1168
65. Lindsay J, Laurin D, Verreault R, et al. Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a prospective analysis from the Canadian Study of Health on Aging. Am J Epidemiol. 156:2002;445-453
66. Laurin D, Verreault R, Lindsay J, MacPherson K, Rockwood K. Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons. Arch Neurol. 58:2001;498-504
67. Broe GA, Henderson AS, Creasey H, et al. A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease in Australia. Neurology. 40:1990;1698-1707
68. Kondo K, Niino M, Shido K. A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease in Japan-significance of life-styles. Dementia. 5:1994;314-326
69. Friedland RP, Fritsch T, Smyth KA, et al. Patients with Alzheimer's disease have reduced activities in midlife compared with healthy control-group members. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:2001;3440-3445
70. Seidler A, Bernhardt T, Nienhaus A, Frolich L. Association between the psychosocial network and dementia-a case-control study. J Psychiatr Res. 37:2003;89-98
71. Small BJ, Fratiglioni L, Viitanen M, Winblad B, Backman L. The course of cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer disease: three- and 6-year follow-up of a population-based sample. Arch Neurol. 57:2000;839-844
72. Bäckman L, Small B, Fratiglioni L. Stability of the preclinical episodic memory deficit in Alzheimer's disease. Brain. 124:2001;96-102
73. Elias MF, Beiser A, Wolf PA, Au R, White RF, D'Agostino RB. The preclinical phase of Alzheimer disease: a 22-year prospective study of the Framingham Cohort. Arch Neurol. 57:2000;808-813
74. Fratiglioni L, Grut M, Forsell Y, et al. Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in an elderly urban population: relationship with age, sex, and education. Neurology. 41:1991;1886-1892
75. Qiu CX, Karp A, von Strauss E, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L, Bellander T. Lifetime principal occupation and risk of Alzheimer disease in the Kungsholmen project. Am J Indust Med. 43:2003;204-211
76. Teri L, Gibbons LI, McCurry SM, et al. Exercise plus behavioural management in patients with Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 290:2003;2015-2022
77. Pushkar D, Etezadi J, Andres D, Arbuckle T, Schwartzman AE, Chaikelson J. Models of intelligence in late life. Psychol Aging. 14:1999;528-634
78. Herzog C, Hultsch DF, Dixon RA. On the problem of detecting effects of lifestyle on cognitive change in adulthood. Psychol Aging. 14:1999;528-534
79. Salthouse TA, Berish DE, Miles JD. The role of cognitive stimulation on the relations between age and cognitive functioning. Psychol Aging. 17:2002;548-557
80. Snowdon DA, Kemper SJ, Mortimer JA, Greiner LH, Wekstein DR, Markesbery WR. Linguistic ability in early life and cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease in late life: findings from the Nun Study. JAMA. 275:1996;528-532
81. Whalley LJ, Starr JM, Athawes R, Hunter D, Pattie A, Deary IJ. Childhood mental ability and dementia. Neurology. 55:2000;1455-1459
82. Berger AK, Small BJ, Forsell Y, Winblad B, Backman L. Preclinical symptoms of major depression in very old age: a prospective longitudinal study. Am J Psychiatry. 155:1998;1039-1043
83. Katzman R. Views and reviews: education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 43:1993;13-20
84. Stern Y. What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 8:2002;448-460
85. Scarmeas N, Stern Y. Cognitive reserve and lifestyle. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 25:2003;625-633
86. Fratiglioni L, Rocca W. Epidemiology of dementia. Boller F, Cappa S. Handbook of neuropsychology: aging and dementia. 2001;193-216 Elsevier, Amsterdam
87. Pham TM, Soderstrom S, Winblad B, Mohammed AH. Effects of environmental enrichment on cognitive function and hippocampal NGF in the non-handled rats. Behav Brain Res. 103:1999;63-70
88. Pham TM, Winblad B, Granholm AC, Mohammed AH. Environmental influences on brain neurotrophins in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 73:2002;167-175
89. Winocur G. Environmental influences on cognitive decline in aged rats. Neurobiol Aging. 19:1998;589-597
90. van Praag H, Kempermann G, Gage FH. Neural consequences of environmental enrichment. Nat Rev Neurosci. 1:2000;191-198
91. Fillit HM, Butler RN, O'Connell AW, et al. Achieving and maintaining cognitive vitality with aging. Mayo Clin Proc. 77:2002;681-696
92. Cabeza R. Hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults: the HAROLD model. Psychol Aging. 17:2002;85-100
93. Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S, et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet. 347:1996;1141-1145
94. Skoog I, Gustafson D. Hypertension and related factors in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 977:2002;29-36
95. Launer LJ, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, et al. Midlife blood pressure and dementia: the Honolulu-Asia aging study. Neurobiol Aging. 21:2000;49-55
96. Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso MP, et al. Midlife vascular risk factors and Alzheimer's disease in late life: a longitudinal, population based study. BMJ. 322:2001;1447-1451
97. Kivipelto M, Helkala EL, Laakso MP, et al. Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele, elevated midlife total cholesterol level, and high midlife systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for late-life Alzheimer disease. Ann Intern Med. 137:2002;149-155
98. Qiu C, Winblad B, Fastbom J, Fratiglioni L. Combined effects of APOE genotype, blood pressure, and antihypertensive drug use on incident AD. Neurology. 61:2003;655-660
99. de la Torre JC. Alzheimer disease as a vascular disorder. Nosological evidence. Stroke. 33:2002;1152-1162
100. Launer LJ. Demonstrating the case that AD is a vascular disease: epidemiologic evidence. Ageing Res Rev. 1:2002;61-77
101. Sparks DL, Scheff SW, Liu H, Landers TM, Coyne CM, Hunsaker JC. Increased incidence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in non-demented individuals with hypertension. J Neurol Sci. 131:1995;162-169
102. Petrovitch H, White LR, Izmirilian G, et al. Midlife blood pressure and neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and brain weight at death: the HAAS. Neurobiol Aging. 21:2000;57-62
103. Neuropathology Group of the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS). Pathological correlates of late-onset dementia in a multicentre, community-based population in England and Wales. Lancet 2001; 357: 169-175.
104. Snowdon DA, Greiner LH, Mortimer JA, Riley KP, Greiner PA, Markesbery WR. Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease: the Nun Study. JAMA. 277:1997;813-817
105. Esiri MM, Nagy Z, Smith MZ, Barnetson L, Smith AD. Cerebrovascular disease and threshold for dementia in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 354:1999;919-920
106. Vermeer SE, Prins ND, den Heijer T, Hofman A, Koudstaal PJ, Breteler MM. Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline. N Engl J Med. 348:2003;1215-1222
107. Wilson RS, Evans DA, Bienias JL, et al. Proneness to psychological distress is associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 61:2003;1479-1485
108. Sapolsky RM, Romero LM, Munck AU. How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions. Endocr Rev. 21:2000;55-89
109. McEwen BS. Sex, stress and the hippocampus: allostasis, allostatic load and the aging process. Neurobiol Aging. 23:2002;921-939
110. Sapolsky RM, Krey LC, McEwen BS. The neuroendocrinology of stress and aging: the glucocorticoid cascade hypothesis. Endocr Rev. 7:1986;284-301
111. Bremner JD. Does stress damage the brain? Biol Psychiatry. 45:1999;797-805
112. Hull AM. Neuroimaging findings in post-traumatic stress disorder. Systematic review. Br J Psychiatry. 181:2002;102-110
113. Deshmukh VD, Deshmukh SV. Stress-adaptation failure hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Med Hypotheses. 32:1990;293-295
114. Nasman B, Olsson T, Viitanen M, Carlstrom K. A subtle disturbance in the feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the early phase of Alzheimer's disease. Psychoneuroendocrino. 20:1995;211-220
115. Belanoff JK, Gross K, Yager A, Schatzberg AF. Corticosteroids and cognition. J Psychiatr Res. 35:2001;127-145