메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 96, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 601-612

Race-ethnic, family income, and education differentials in nutritional and lipid biomarkers in US children and adolescents: NHANES 2003-2006

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ASCORBIC ACID; BETA CRYPTOXANTHIN; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CAROTENOID; CYANOCOBALAMIN; FOLIC ACID; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LIPID; PYRIDOXINE; RETINOL; TRACE ELEMENT; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; VITAMIN D; XANTHOPHYLL; ZEAXANTHIN;

EID: 84865316763     PISSN: 00029165     EISSN: 19383207     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.035535     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (44)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 4644357011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Research Council, Institute of Medicine; Committee on Evaluation of Children's Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • National Research Council, Institute of Medicine; Committee on Evaluation of Children's Health. Children's health, the nation's wealth: assessing and improving child health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2004.
    • (2004) Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health
  • 2
  • 4
    • 34548487779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Widening socioeconomic disparities in US childhood mortality, 1969-2000
    • Singh GK, Kogan MD. Widening socioeconomic disparities in US childhood mortality, 1969-2000. Am J Public Health 2007;97:1658-65.
    • (2007) Am J Public Health , vol.97 , pp. 1658-1665
    • Singh, G.K.1    Kogan, M.D.2
  • 5
    • 0025727920 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factors in Hispanic, white, and black children: The Brooks County and Bogalusa Heart studies
    • Webber LS, Harsha DW, Phillips GT, Srinivasan SR, Simpson JW, Berenson GS. Cardiovascular risk factors in Hispanic, white, and black children: the Brooks County and Bogalusa Heart studies. Am J Epidemiol 1991;133:704-14.
    • (1991) Am J Epidemiol , vol.133 , pp. 704-714
    • Webber, L.S.1    Harsha, D.W.2    Phillips, G.T.3    Srinivasan, S.R.4    Simpson, J.W.5    Berenson, G.S.6
  • 6
    • 0027324835 scopus 로고
    • Lipid and lipoprotein distributions in children by ethnic group, gender, and geographic location - Preliminary findings of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH)
    • Belcher JD, Ellison RC, Shepard WE, Bigelow C, Webber LS, Wilmore JH, Parcel GS, Zucker DM, Luepker RV. Lipid and lipoprotein distributions in children by ethnic group, gender, and geographic location - preliminary findings of the Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH). Prev Med 1993;22:143-53.
    • (1993) Prev Med , vol.22 , pp. 143-153
    • Belcher, J.D.1    Ellison, R.C.2    Shepard, W.E.3    Bigelow, C.4    Webber, L.S.5    Wilmore, J.H.6    Parcel, G.S.7    Zucker, D.M.8    Luepker, R.V.9
  • 8
    • 0033577289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic variation in cardiovascular disease risk factors among children and young adults: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Winkleby MA, Robinson TN, Sundquist J, Kraemer HC. Ethnic variation in cardiovascular disease risk factors among children and young adults: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. JAMA 1999;281:1006-13.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 1006-1013
    • Winkleby, M.A.1    Robinson, T.N.2    Sundquist, J.3    Kraemer, H.C.4
  • 9
    • 0032406870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and trends of serum lipid levels among United States children and adolescents ages 4-19 years: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • Hickman TB, Briefel RR, Carroll MD, Rifkind BM, Cleeman JI, Maurer KR, Johnson CL. Distribution and trends of serum lipid levels among United States children and adolescents ages 4-19 years: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Prev Med 1998;27:879-90.
    • (1998) Prev Med , vol.27 , pp. 879-890
    • Hickman, T.B.1    Briefel, R.R.2    Carroll, M.D.3    Rifkind, B.M.4    Cleeman, J.I.5    Maurer, K.R.6    Johnson, C.L.7
  • 10
    • 0036673526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of HbA(1c) levels for children and young adults in the U.S.: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • Saaddine JB, Fagot-Campagna A, Rolka D, Narayan KM, Geiss L, Eberhardt M, Flegal KM. Distribution of HbA(1c) levels for children and young adults in the U.S.: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1326-30.
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 1326-1330
    • Saaddine, J.B.1    Fagot-Campagna, A.2    Rolka, D.3    Narayan, K.M.4    Geiss, L.5    Eberhardt, M.6    Flegal, K.M.7
  • 11
    • 6444227613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues in dietary intake assessment of children and adolescents
    • Livingstone MB, Robson PJ, Wallace JM. Issues in dietary intake assessment of children and adolescents. Br J Nutr 2004;92(suppl 2): S213-22.
    • (2004) Br J Nutr , vol.92 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Livingstone, M.B.1    Robson, P.J.2    Wallace, J.M.3
  • 12
    • 84865327995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Cancer Institute, Available from: (cited October 2011)
    • National Cancer Institute, Risk Factor Monitoring Branch. NCS dietary assessment literature review. Available from: http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/ tools/children/review/ (cited October 2011).
    • NCS Dietary Assessment Literature Review
  • 13
    • 0037372078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomarkers of nutritional exposure and nutritional status: An overview
    • Potischman N, Freudenheim JL. Biomarkers of nutritional exposure and nutritional status: an overview. J Nutr 2003;133(suppl 3):873S-4S.
    • (2003) J Nutr , vol.133 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Potischman, N.1    Freudenheim, J.L.2
  • 14
    • 0037370094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biologic and methodologic issues for nutritional biomarkers
    • Potischman N. Biologic and methodologic issues for nutritional biomarkers. J Nutr 2003;133(suppl 3):875S-80S.
    • (2003) J Nutr , vol.133 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Potischman, N.1
  • 15
    • 0033178368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum alpha-tocopherol status in the United States population: Findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • Ford ES, Sowell A. Serum alpha-tocopherol status in the United States population: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Epidemiol 1999;150:290-300.
    • (1999) Am J Epidemiol , vol.150 , pp. 290-300
    • Ford, E.S.1    Sowell, A.2
  • 16
    • 33748431547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in the US population
    • Ford ES, Schleicher RL, Mokdad AH, Ajani UA, Liu S. Distribution of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in the US population. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84:375-83.
    • (2006) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.84 , pp. 375-383
    • Ford, E.S.1    Schleicher, R.L.2    Mokdad, A.H.3    Ajani, U.A.4    Liu, S.5
  • 17
    • 0034149638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in serum carotenoid concentrations among United States adults by ethnicity and sex
    • Ford ES. Variations in serum carotenoid concentrations among United States adults by ethnicity and sex. Ethn Dis 2000;10:208-17.
    • (2000) Ethn Dis , vol.10 , pp. 208-217
    • Ford, E.S.1
  • 18
    • 14944378586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population determinants of serum lycopene concentrations in the United States: Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Ganji V, Kafai MR. Population determinants of serum lycopene concentrations in the United States: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. J Nutr 2005;135:567-72.
    • (2005) J Nutr , vol.135 , pp. 567-572
    • Ganji, V.1    Kafai, M.R.2
  • 19
    • 35848965907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity is an independent correlate of biomarkers of micronutrient intake and status in American adults
    • Kant AK, Graubard BI. Ethnicity is an independent correlate of biomarkers of micronutrient intake and status in American adults. J Nutr 2007;137:2456-63.
    • (2007) J Nutr , vol.137 , pp. 2456-2463
    • Kant, A.K.1    Graubard, B.I.2
  • 20
    • 70350686382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum vitamin C and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in the United States: 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
    • Schleicher RL, Carroll MD, Ford ES, Lacher DA. Serum vitamin C and the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in the United States: 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1252-63.
    • (2009) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.90 , pp. 1252-1263
    • Schleicher, R.L.1    Carroll, M.D.2    Ford, E.S.3    Lacher, D.A.4
  • 21
    • 53349096756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Did national folic acid fortification reduce socioeconomic and racial disparities in folate status in the US?
    • Dowd JB, Aiello AE. Did national folic acid fortification reduce socioeconomic and racial disparities in folate status in the US? Int J Epidemiol 2008;37:1059-66.
    • (2008) Int J Epidemiol , vol.37 , pp. 1059-1066
    • Dowd, J.B.1    Aiello, A.E.2
  • 23
    • 31544438802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in serum folate, RBC folate, and circulating total homocysteine concentrations in the United States: Analysis of data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988-1994, 1999-2000, and 2001-2002
    • Ganji V, Kafai MR. Trends in serum folate, RBC folate, and circulating total homocysteine concentrations in the United States: analysis of data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988-1994, 1999-2000, and 2001-2002. J Nutr 2006;136:153-8.
    • (2006) J Nutr , vol.136 , pp. 153-158
    • Ganji, V.1    Kafai, M.R.2
  • 24
    • 0033005790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum and red blood cell folate concentrations, race, and education: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    • Ford ES, Bowman BA. Serum and red blood cell folate concentrations, race, and education: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:476-81.
    • (1999) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.69 , pp. 476-481
    • Ford, E.S.1    Bowman, B.A.2
  • 25
    • 0035069233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary intakes and serum nutrients differ between adults from food-insufficient and food-sufficient families: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Dixon LB, Winkleby MA, Radimer KL. Dietary intakes and serum nutrients differ between adults from food-insufficient and food-sufficient families: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. J Nutr 2001;131:1232-46.
    • (2001) J Nutr , vol.131 , pp. 1232-1246
    • Dixon, L.B.1    Winkleby, M.A.2    Radimer, K.L.3
  • 26
    • 43549088562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate in the US population: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2004
    • Morris MS, Picciano MF, Jacques PF, Selhub J. Plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate in the US population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2004. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1446-54.
    • (2008) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.87 , pp. 1446-1454
    • Morris, M.S.1    Picciano, M.F.2    Jacques, P.F.3    Selhub, J.4
  • 27
    • 24044507638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical indicators of B vitamin status in the US population after folic acid fortification: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000
    • Pfeiffer CM, Caudill SP, Gunter EW, Osterloh J, Sampson EJ. Biochemical indicators of B vitamin status in the US population after folic acid fortification: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;82:442-50.
    • (2005) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.82 , pp. 442-450
    • Pfeiffer, C.M.1    Caudill, S.P.2    Gunter, E.W.3    Osterloh, J.4    Sampson, E.J.5
  • 29
    • 0035114383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum retinol distributions in residents of the United States: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
    • Ballew C, Bowman BA, Sowell AL, Gillespie C. Serum retinol distributions in residents of the United States: third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73: 586-93.
    • (2001) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.73 , pp. 586-593
    • Ballew, C.1    Bowman, B.A.2    Sowell, A.L.3    Gillespie, C.4
  • 31
    • 34548399062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron deficiency in early childhood in the United States: Risk factors and racial/ethnic disparities
    • Brotanek JM, Gosz J, Weitzman M, Flores G. Iron deficiency in early childhood in the United States: risk factors and racial/ethnic disparities. Pediatrics 2007;120:568-75.
    • (2007) Pediatrics , vol.120 , pp. 568-575
    • Brotanek, J.M.1    Gosz, J.2    Weitzman, M.3    Flores, G.4
  • 33
    • 34447250773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in otherwise healthy children and adolescents
    • Weng FL, Shults J, Leonard MB, Stallings VA, Zemel BS. Risk factors for low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in otherwise healthy children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:150-8.
    • (2007) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.86 , pp. 150-158
    • Weng, F.L.1    Shults, J.2    Leonard, M.B.3    Stallings, V.A.4    Zemel, B.S.5
  • 34
    • 63149128728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of a new definition of vitamin D deficiency in a multiracial us adolescent population: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III
    • Saintonge S, Bang H, Gerber LM. Implications of a new definition of vitamin D deficiency in a multiracial us adolescent population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Pediatrics 2009; 123:797-803.
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.123 , pp. 797-803
    • Saintonge, S.1    Bang, H.2    Gerber, L.M.3
  • 35
    • 44649090758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypovitaminosis D among healthy children in the United States: A review of the current evidence
    • Rovner AJ, O'Brien KO. Hypovitaminosis D among healthy children in the United States: a review of the current evidence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2008;162:513-9.
    • (2008) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.162 , pp. 513-519
    • Rovner, A.J.1    O'Brien, K.O.2
  • 36
    • 70349252015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in US children: NHANES 2001-2004
    • Kumar J, Muntner P, Kaskel FJ, Hailpern SM, Melamed ML. Prevalence and associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in US children: NHANES 2001-2004. Pediatrics 2009;124:e362-70.
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.124
    • Kumar, J.1    Muntner, P.2    Kaskel, F.J.3    Hailpern, S.M.4    Melamed, M.L.5
  • 37
    • 0003447646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available from: (cited October 2010)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/about-nhanes.htm (cited October 2010).
    • National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  • 38
    • 84865312136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available from: (cited May 2011)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/nhanes2003-2004/nhanes03-04.htm (cited May 2011).
    • National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004
  • 39
    • 69049113487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available from: (cited May 2011)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/nhanes2005-2006/nhanes05-06.htm (cited May 2011).
    • National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006
  • 40
    • 84855285451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available from: (cited May 2011)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Health Statistics. NHANES response rates and CPS totals. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ nhanes/response-rates-cps.htm (cited May 2011).
    • NHANES Response Rates and CPS Totals
  • 41
    • 33846407365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overview of health disparities
    • Thomson GE, Mitchell F, Williams M, eds. Committee on the Review and Assessment of the NIH's Strategic Research Plan and Budget to Reduce and Ultimately Eliminate Health Disparities. Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • Adler NE. Overview of health disparities. In: Thomson GE, Mitchell F, Williams M, eds. Examining the health disparities research plan of the National Institutes of Health: unfinished business. Committee on the Review and Assessment of the NIH's Strategic Research Plan and Budget to Reduce and Ultimately Eliminate Health Disparities. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006.
    • (2006) Examining the Health Disparities Research Plan of the National Institutes of Health: Unfinished Business
    • Adler, N.E.1
  • 42
    • 0037976886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of race and ethnicity in biomedical publication
    • Kaplan JB, Bennett T. Use of race and ethnicity in biomedical publication. JAMA 2003;289:2709-16.
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2709-2716
    • Kaplan, J.B.1    Bennett, T.2
  • 43
    • 26644435087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disentangling race and socioeconomic status: A key to understanding health inequalities
    • LaVeist TA. Disentangling race and socioeconomic status: a key to understanding health inequalities. J Urban Health 2005;82:iii26-34.
    • (2005) J Urban Health , vol.82
    • LaVeist, T.A.1
  • 44
    • 0001630309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventive nutrition issues in ethnic and socioeconomic groups in the United States
    • Bendich A, Deckelbaum RJ, eds. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press
    • Kumanyika SK, Krebs-Smith SM. Preventive nutrition issues in ethnic and socioeconomic groups in the United States. In: Bendich A, Deckelbaum RJ, eds. Primary and secondary preventive nutrition. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2001:325-55.
    • (2001) Primary and Secondary Preventive Nutrition , pp. 325-355
    • Kumanyika, S.K.1    Krebs-Smith, S.M.2
  • 45
    • 34548620602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, Available from: (cited May 2011)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Analytic guidelines. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, 2006. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/nhanes2003-2004/analytical- guidelines.htm (cited May 2011).
    • (2006) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Analytic Guidelines
  • 46
    • 77951240475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research Triangle Institute. release 10.0. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute
    • Research Triangle Institute. SUDAAN language manual, release 10.0. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute, 2008.
    • (2008) SUDAAN Language Manual
  • 49
    • 78650918917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board, Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Dietary Reference Intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010.
    • (2010) Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D
  • 50
    • 0003844776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Washington, DC: National Academy Press
    • 12, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998.
    • (1998) 12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline
  • 52
    • 0032968577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive margins for survey data
    • Graubard BI, Korn EL. Predictive margins for survey data. Biometrics 1999;55:652-9.
    • (1999) Biometrics , vol.55 , pp. 652-659
    • Graubard, B.I.1    Korn, E.L.2
  • 54
    • 47549099573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of the relationship between acculturation and diet among Latinos in the United States: Implications for future research
    • Ayala GX, Baquero B, Klinger S. A systematic review of the relationship between acculturation and diet among Latinos in the United States: implications for future research. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108: 1330-44.
    • (2008) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.108 , pp. 1330-1344
    • Ayala, G.X.1    Baquero, B.2    Klinger, S.3
  • 55
    • 0346095162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher fat intake and lower fruit and vegetables intakes are associated with greater acculturation among Mexicans living in Washington State
    • Neuhouser ML, Thompson B, Coronado GD, Solomon CC. Higher fat intake and lower fruit and vegetables intakes are associated with greater acculturation among Mexicans living in Washington State. J Am Diet Assoc 2004;104:51-7.
    • (2004) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.104 , pp. 51-57
    • Neuhouser, M.L.1    Thompson, B.2    Coronado, G.D.3    Solomon, C.C.4
  • 57
    • 33846389708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dairy consumption and related nutrient intake in African-American adults and children in the United States: Continuing survey of food intakes by individuals 1994-1996, 1998, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000
    • Fulgoni V III, Nicholls J, Reed A, Buckley R, Kafer K, Huth P, DiRienzo D, Miller GD. Dairy consumption and related nutrient intake in African-American adults and children in the United States: continuing survey of food intakes by individuals 1994-1996, 1998, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. J Am Diet Assoc 2007;107:256-64.
    • (2007) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.107 , pp. 256-264
    • Fulgoni III, V.1    Nicholls, J.2    Reed, A.3    Buckley, R.4    Kafer, K.5    Huth, P.6    DiRienzo, D.7    Miller, G.D.8
  • 58
    • 77951950464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Folate bioavailability: Implications for establishing dietary recommendations and optimizing status
    • Caudill MA. Folate bioavailability: implications for establishing dietary recommendations and optimizing status. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91:1455S-60S.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.91
    • Caudill, M.A.1
  • 59
    • 0032963914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic and racial factors in cobalamin metabolism and its disorders
    • Carmel R. Ethnic and racial factors in cobalamin metabolism and its disorders. Semin Hematol 1999;36:88-100.
    • (1999) Semin Hematol , vol.36 , pp. 88-100
    • Carmel, R.1
  • 60
    • 55649095110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Health Statistics. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available from: (cited March 2012)
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Health Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/nhanes2007-2008/diet07-08.htm (cited March 2012).
    • National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008
  • 61
    • 0019079966 scopus 로고
    • Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol comparisons in black and white populations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study
    • Tyroler HA, Glueck CJ, Christensen B, Kwiterovich PO Jr. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol comparisons in black and white populations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Circulation 1980;62:IV99-107.
    • (1980) Circulation , vol.62
    • Tyroler, H.A.1    Glueck, C.J.2    Christensen, B.3    Kwiterovich Jr., P.O.4
  • 63
    • 80051956337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of body fat percentage with lipid concentrations in children and adolescents: United States, 1999-2004
    • Lamb MM, Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Lacher DA, Flegal KM. Association of body fat percentage with lipid concentrations in children and adolescents: United States, 1999-2004. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94: 877-83.
    • (2011) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.94 , pp. 877-883
    • Lamb, M.M.1    Ogden, C.L.2    Carroll, M.D.3    Lacher, D.A.4    Flegal, K.M.5
  • 64
    • 0034004704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of dietary factors in ethnic differences in early risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes
    • Lindquist CH, Gower BA, Goran MI. Role of dietary factors in ethnic differences in early risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:725-32.
    • (2000) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.71 , pp. 725-732
    • Lindquist, C.H.1    Gower, B.A.2    Goran, M.I.3
  • 65
    • 0035135519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body fat, fat distribution and serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in African-American and Caucasian-American prepubertal children
    • Herd SL, Gower BA, Dashti N, Goran MI. Body fat, fat distribution and serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in African-American and Caucasian-American prepubertal children. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001;25:198-204.
    • (2001) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.25 , pp. 198-204
    • Herd, S.L.1    Gower, B.A.2    Dashti, N.3    Goran, M.I.4
  • 66
    • 64349086821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001-2006
    • Johnson WD, Kroon JJ, Greenway FL, Bouchard C, Ryan D, Katzmarzyk PT. Prevalence of risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2001-2006. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009;163:371-7.
    • (2009) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.163 , pp. 371-377
    • Johnson, W.D.1    Kroon, J.J.2    Greenway, F.L.3    Bouchard, C.4    Ryan, D.5    Katzmarzyk, P.T.6
  • 68
    • 0024569979 scopus 로고
    • High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among US adults by selected demographic and socioeconomic variables. The Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1976-1980
    • Linn S, Fulwood R, Rifkind B, Carroll M, Muesing R, Williams OD, Johnson C. High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels among US adults by selected demographic and socioeconomic variables. The Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1976-1980. Am J Epidemiol 1989;129:281-94.
    • (1989) Am J Epidemiol , vol.129 , pp. 281-294
    • Linn, S.1    Fulwood, R.2    Rifkind, B.3    Carroll, M.4    Muesing, R.5    Williams, O.D.6    Johnson, C.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.