Advances in cell-based therapy for peripheral vascular disease

Atherosclerosis

Volumn 223, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 269-277

  Blum, Arnon ^a   Balkan, Wayne ^a   Hare, Joshua M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cerebral vascular accident; Erectile dysfunction; Peripheral vascular disease; Stem cell transplantation

Indexed keywords

ANGIOPOIETIN 1; VASCULOTROPIN RECEPTOR 2;

ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX; ATAXIA; AUTOTRANSPLANTATION; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; BUERGER DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CELL FUSION; CELL THERAPY; CELL TRANSPLANTATION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); DEMENTIA; EMBRYONIC STEM CELL; ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; EX VIVO STUDY; GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE; HEART FUNCTION; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HEMATOPOIETIC CELL; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL; HUMAN; IMMUNOGENICITY; LEG ISCHEMIA; LIMB ISCHEMIA; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; MORTALITY; MYOBLAST; PERICYTE; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE; PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; SURVIVAL RATE; TERATOMA; TISSUE PRESERVATION;

ANIMALS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; FEMALE; HUMANS; ISCHEMIA; LOWER EXTREMITY; MALE; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PHYSIOLOGIC; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; REGENERATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84864773740     PISSN: 00219150     EISSN: 18791484     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.017     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Norgren L., Hiatt W.R., Dormandy J.A., et al. The next 10 years in the management of peripheral artery disease: perspectives from the 'PAD 2009' conference. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 2010, 40(September (3)):375-380.
2. Prockop D.J. Repair of tissues by adult stem/progenitor cells (MSCs): controversies, myths, and changing paradigms. Molecular Therapy 2009, 17(June (6)):939-946.
3. Hooi J.D., Stoffers H.E., Knottnerus J.A., van Ree J.W. The prognosis of non-critical limb ischaemia: a systematic review of population-based evidence. The British Journal of General Practice 1999, 49(January (438)):49-55.
4. Dormandy J., Heeck L., Vig S. Predicting which patients will develop chronic critical leg ischemia. Seminars in Vascular Surgery 1999, 12(June (2)):138-141.
5. Hirsch A.T., Haskal Z.J., Hertzer N.R., et al. ACC/AHA 2005 practice guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. Circulation 2006, 113(March (11)):e463-e654.
6. Collinson D.J., Donnelly R. Therapeutic angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease: can biotechnology produce an effective collateral circulation?. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 2004, 28(July (1)):9-23.
7. Burt R.K., Loh Y., Pearce W., et al. Clinical applications of blood-derived and marrow-derived stem cells for nonmalignant diseases. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association 2008, 299(February (8)):925-936.
8. Williams A.R., Trachtenberg B., Velazquez D.L., et al. Intramyocardial stem cell injection in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: functional recovery and reverse remodeling. Circulation Research 2011, 108(April (7)):792-796.
9. Williams A.R., Hare J.M. Mesenchymal stem cells: biology, pathophysiology, translational findings, and therapeutic implications for cardiac disease. Circulation Research 2011, 109(September (8)):923-940.
10. Boyle A.J., Schulman S.P., Hare J.M., Oettgen P. Is stem cell therapy ready for patients? Stem cell therapy for cardiac repair. Ready for the next step. Circulation 2006, 114(July (4)):339-352.
11. Zimmet J.M., Hare J.M. Emerging role for bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in myocardial regenerative therapy. Basic Research in Cardiology 2005, 100(November (6)):471-481.
12. Sekiguchi H., Ii M., Jujo K., et al. Improved culture-based isolation of differentiating endothelial progenitor cells from mouse bone marrow mononuclear cells. PLoS ONE 2011, 6(12):e28639.
13. Dai W., Field L.J., Rubart M., et al. Survival and maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in rat hearts. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2007, 43(October (4)):504-516.
14. Laflamme M.A., Chen K.Y., Naumova A.V., et al. Cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells in pro-survival factors enhance function of infarcted rat hearts. Nature Biotechnology 2007, 25(September (9)):1015-1024.
15. Caspi O., Huber I., Kehat I., et al. Transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes improves myocardial performance in infarcted rat hearts. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2007, 50(November (19)):1884-1893.
16. van Laake L.W., Qian L., Cheng P., et al. Reporter-based isolation of induced pluripotent stem cell- and embryonic stem cell-derived cardiac progenitors reveals limited gene expression variance. Circulation Research 2010, 107(August (3)):340-347.
17. Muller-Ehmsen J., Peterson K.L., Kedes L., et al. Rebuilding a damaged heart: long-term survival of transplanted neonatal rat cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction and effect on cardiac function. Circulation 2002, 105(April (14)):1720-1726.
18. Reffelmann T., Dow J.S., Dai W., et al. Transplantation of neonatal cardiomyocytes after permanent coronary artery occlusion increases regional blood flow of infarcted myocardium. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2003, 35(June (6)):607-613.
19. Menasche P., Alfieri O., Janssens S., et al. The myoblast autologous grafting in ischemic cardiomyopathy (MAGIC) trial: first randomized placebo-controlled study of myoblast transplantation. Circulation 2008, 117(March (9)):1189-1200.
20. Katritsis D.G., Sotiropoulou P.A., Karvouni E., et al. Transcoronary transplantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitors into infarcted human myocardium. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 2005, 65(July (3)):321-329.
21. Wollert K.C., Meyer G.P., Lotz J., et al. Intracoronary autologous bone-marrow cell transfer after myocardial infarction: the BOOST randomised controlled clinical trial. Lancet 2004, 364(July (9429)):141-148.
22. Schachinger V., Erbs S., Elsasser A., et al. Improved clinical outcome after intracoronary administration of bone-marrow-derived progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction: final 1-year results of the REPAIR-AMI trial. The European Heart Journal 2006, 27(December (23)):2775-2783.
23. Lunde K., Solheim S., Aakhus S., et al. Intracoronary injection of mononuclear bone marrow cells in acute myocardial infarction. The New England Journal of Medicine 2006, 355(September (12)):1199-1209.
24. Chen S.L., Fang W.W., Ye F., et al. Effect on left ventricular function of intracoronary transplantation of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology 2004, 94(July (1)):92-95.
25. Smith R.R., Barile L., Cho H.C., et al. Regenerative potential of cardiosphere-derived cells expanded from percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy specimens. Circulation 2007, 115(February (7)):896-908.
26. Beltrami A.P., Barlucchi L., Torella D., et al. Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and support myocardial regeneration. Cell 2003, 114(September (6)):763-776.
27. Murry C.E., Keller G. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to clinically relevant populations: lessons from embryonic development. Cell 2008, 132(February (4)):661-680.
28. Huber I., Itzhaki I., Caspi O., et al. Identification and selection of cardiomyocytes during human embryonic stem cell differentiation. FASEB Journal 2007, 21(August (10)):2551-2563.
29. Nussbaum J., Minami E., Laflamme M.A., et al. Transplantation of undifferentiated murine embryonic stem cells in the heart: teratoma formation and immune response. FASEB Journal 2007, 21(May (7)):1345-1357.
30. Passier R., van Laake L.W., Mummery C.L. Stem-cell-based therapy and lessons from the heart. Nature 2008, 453(May (7193)):322-329.
31. Menasche P., Hagege A.A., Vilquin J.T., et al. Autologous skeletal myoblast transplantation for severe postinfarction left ventricular dysfunction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2003, 41(April (7)):1078-1083.
32. Hagege A.A., Marolleau J.P., Vilquin J.T., et al. Skeletal myoblast transplantation in ischemic heart failure: long-term follow-up of the first phase I cohort of patients. Circulation 2006, 114(July (Suppl. 1)):I108-I113.
33. Siminiak T., Kalawski R., Fiszer D., et al. Autologous skeletal myoblast transplantation for the treatment of postinfarction myocardial injury: phase I clinical study with 12 months of follow-up. American Heart Journal 2004, 148(September (3)):531-537.
34. Civin C.I., Gore S.D. Antigenic analysis of hematopoiesis: a review. Journal of Hematotherapy & Stem Cell Research 1993, 2(2):137-144.
35. Sussman M.A., Murry C.E. Bones of contention: marrow-derived cells in myocardial regeneration. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 2008, 44(June (6)):950-953.
36. Asahara T., Masuda H., Takahashi T., et al. Bone marrow origin of endothelial progenitor cells responsible for postnatal vasculogenesis in physiological and pathological neovascularization. Circulation Research 1999, 85(August (3)):221-228.
37. Shi Q., Rafii S., Wu M.H., et al. Evidence for circulating bone marrow-derived endothelial cells. Blood 1998, 92(July (2)):362-367.
38. Asahara T., Murohara T., Sullivan A., et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science 1997, 275(February (5302)):964-967.
39. Crosby J.R., Kaminski W.E., Schatteman G., et al. Endothelial cells of hematopoietic origin make a significant contribution to adult blood vessel formation. Circulation Research 2000, 87(October (9)):728-730.
40. Rehman J., Li J., Orschell C.M., March K.L. Peripheral blood " endothelial progenitor cells" are derived from monocyte/macrophages and secrete angiogenic growth factors. Circulation 2003, 107(March (8)):1164-1169.
41. Masuda H., Alev C., Akimaru H., et al. Methodological development of a clonogenic assay to determine endothelial progenitor cell potential. Circulation Research 2011, 109(June (1)):20-37.
42. Dominici M., Le B.K., Mueller I., et al. Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy 2006, 8(4):315-317.
43. Aggarwal S., Pittenger M.F. Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate allogeneic immune cell responses. Blood 2005, 105(February (4)):1815-1822.
44. Kobayashi T., Hamano K., Li T.S., et al. Enhancement of angiogenesis by the implantation of self bone marrow cells in a rat ischemic heart model. Journal of Surgical Research 2000, 89(April (2)):189-195.
45. Nagaya N., Kangawa K., Itoh T., et al. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells improves cardiac function in a rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2005, 112(August (8)):1128-1135.
46. Khurana R., Simons M., Martin J.F., Zachary I.C. Role of angiogenesis in cardiovascular disease: a critical appraisal. Circulation 2005, 112(September (12)):1813-1824.
47. Kamihata H., Matsubara H., Nishiue T., et al. Implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells into ischemic myocardium enhances collateral perfusion and regional function via side supply of angioblasts, angiogenic ligands, and cytokines. Circulation 2001, 104(August (9)):1046-1052.
48. Le B.K., Tammik C., Rosendahl K., Zetterberg E., Ringden O. HLA expression and immunologic properties of differentiated and undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Experimental Hematology 2003, 31(October (10)):890-896.
49. Uccelli A., Moretta L., Pistoia V. Immunoregulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells. European Journal of Immunology 2006, 36(October (10)):2566-2573.
50. Folkman J., D'Amore P.A. Blood vessel formation: what is its molecular basis?. Cell 1996, 87(December (7)):1153-1155.
51. Kanayasu-Toyoda T., Yamaguchi T., Oshizawa T., Hayakawa T. CD31 (PECAM-1)-bright cells derived from AC133-positive cells in human peripheral blood as endothelial-precursor cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology 2003, 195(April (1)):119-129.
52. Yamahara K., Sone M., Itoh H., et al. Augmentation of neovascularization [corrected] in hindlimb ischemia by combined transplantation of human embryonic stem cells-derived endothelial and mural cells. PLoS ONE 2008, 3(2):e1666.
53. Burdon T.J., Paul A., Noiseux N., Prakash S., Shum-Tim D. Bone marrow stem cell derived paracrine factors for regenerative medicine: current perspectives and therapeutic potential. Bone Marrow Research 2011, 2011:207326.
54. Tateishi-Yuyama E., Matsubara H., Murohara T., et al. Therapeutic angiogenesis for patients with limb ischaemia by autologous transplantation of bone-marrow cells: a pilot study and a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002, 360(August (9331)):427-435.
55. Matoba S., Tatsumi T., Murohara T., et al. Long-term clinical outcome after intramuscular implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (therapeutic angiogenesis by cell transplantation [TACT] trial) in patients with chronic limb ischemia. American Heart Journal 2008, 156(November (5)):1010-1018.
56. Koshikawa M., Shimodaira S., Yoshioka T., et al. Therapeutic angiogenesis by bone marrow implantation for critical hand ischemia in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a pilot study. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2006, 22(April (4)):793-798.
57. Comerota A.J., Link A., Douville J., Burchardt E.R. Upper extremity ischemia treated with tissue repair cells from adult bone marrow. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2010, 52(September (3)):723-729.
58. Saigawa T., Kato K., Ozawa T., et al. Clinical application of bone marrow implantation in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans, and the association between efficacy and the number of implanted bone marrow cells. Circulation Journal 2004, 68(December (12)):1189-1193.
59. Rookmaaker M.B., Verhaar M.C., Loomans C.J., et al. CD34+ cells home, proliferate, and participate in capillary formation, and in combination with. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 2005, 25(September (9)):1843-1850.
60. Bartsch T., Brehm M., Zeus T., et al. Transplantation of autologous mononuclear bone marrow stem cells in patients with peripheral arterial disease (the TAM-PAD study). Clinical Research in Cardiology 2007, 96(December (12)):891-899.
61. Schachinger V., Assmus B., Honold J., et al. Normalization of coronary blood flow in the infarct-related artery after intracoronary progenitor cell therapy: intracoronary Doppler substudy of the TOPCARE-AMI trial. Clinical Research in Cardiology 2006, 95(January (1)):13-22.
62. Strauer B.E., Brehm M., Zeus T., et al. Regeneration of human infarcted heart muscle by intracoronary autologous bone marrow cell transplantation in chronic coronary artery disease: the IACT Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2005, 46(November (9)):1651-1658.
63. Strauer B.E., Brehm M., Zeus T., et al. Repair of infarcted myocardium by autologous intracoronary mononuclear bone marrow cell transplantation in humans. Circulation 2002, 106(October (15)):1913-1918.
64. Urbanek K., Quaini F., Tasca G., et al. Intense myocyte formation from cardiac stem cells in human cardiac hypertrophy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003, 100(September (18)):10440-10445.
65. Orlic D., Kajstura J., Chimenti S., et al. Bone marrow cells regenerate infarcted myocardium. Nature 2001, 410(April (6829)):701-705.
66. Orlic D., Kajstura J., Chimenti S., et al. Mobilized bone marrow cells repair the infarcted heart, improving function and survival. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001, 98(August (18)):10344-10349.
67. Angelini P., Markwald R.R. Stem cell treatment of the heart: a review of its current status on the brink of clinical experimentation. Texas Heart Institute Journal 2005, 32(4):479-488.
68. Strauer B.E., Brehm M., Zeus T., et al. [Intracoronary, human autologous stem cell transplantation for myocardial regeneration following myocardial infarction]. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 2001, 126(August (34-35)):932-938.
69. Assmus B., Schachinger V., Teupe C., et al. Transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction (TOPCARE-AMI). Circulation 2002, 106(December (24)):3009-3017.
70. Siminiak T., Grygielska B., Jerzykowska O., et al. Autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation in acute myocardial infarction-report of two cases. Kardiologia Polska 2003, 59(December (12)):502-510.
71. Fernandez-Aviles F., San Roman J.A., Garcia-Frade J., et al. Experimental and clinical regenerative capability of human bone marrow cells after myocardial infarction. Circulation Research 2004, 95(October (7)):742-748.
72. Perin E.C., Lopez J. Methods of stem cell delivery in cardiac diseases. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 2006, 3(March (Suppl. 1)):S110-S113.
73. Sherman W., Martens T.P., Viles-Gonzalez J.F., Siminiak T. Catheter-based delivery of cells to the heart. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 2006, 3(March (Suppl. 1)):S57-S64.
74. Cobellis G., Silvestroni A., Lillo S., et al. Long-term effects of repeated autologous transplantation of bone marrow cells in patients affected by peripheral arterial disease. Bone Marrow Transplantation 2008, 42(November (10)):667-672.
75. Losordo D.W., Dimmeler S. Therapeutic angiogenesis and vasculogenesis for ischemic disease: part II: cell-based therapies. Circulation 2004, 109(June (22)):2692-2697.
76. Li Y., Chen J., Chen X.G., et al. Human marrow stromal cell therapy for stroke in rat: neurotrophins and functional recovery. Neurology 2002, 59(August (4)):514-523.
77. Zhao L.R., Duan W.M., Reyes M., et al. Human bone marrow stem cells exhibit neural phenotypes and ameliorate neurological deficits after grafting into the ischemic brain of rats. Experimental Neurology 2002, 174(March (1)):11-20.
78. Sanchez-Ramos J., Song S., Cardozo-Pelaez F., et al. Adult bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neural cells in vitro. Experimental Neurology 2000, 164(August (2)):247-256.
79. Woodbury D., Schwarz E.J., Prockop D.J., Black I.B. Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neurons. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2000, 61(August (4)):364-370.
80. Azizi S.A., Stokes D., Augelli B.J., DiGirolamo C., Prockop D.J. Engraftment and migration of human bone marrow stromal cells implanted in the brains of albino rats - similarities to astrocyte grafts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998, 95(March (7)):3908-3913.
81. Bang O.Y., Lee J.S., Lee P.H., Lee G. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in stroke patients. Annals of Neurology 2005, 57(June (6)):874-882.
82. Chen J., Li Y., Katakowski M., et al. Intravenous bone marrow stromal cell therapy reduces apoptosis and promotes endogenous cell proliferation after stroke in female rat. Journal of Neuroscience Research 2003, 73(September (6)):778-786.
83. Lee J.S., Hong J.M., Moon G.J., et al. A long-term follow-up study of intravenous autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with ischemic stroke. Stem Cells 2010, 28(June (6)):1099-1106.
84. Shabsigh R., Anastasiadis A.G. Erectile dysfunction. Annual Review of Medicine 2003, 54:153-168.
85. Rajfer J., Aronson W.J., Bush P.A., Dorey F.J., Ignarro L.J. Nitric oxide as a mediator of relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in response to nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmission. New England Journal of Medicine 1992, 326(January (2)):90-94.
86. Cellek S. Let's make NO mistake!. International Journal of Impotence Research 2005, 17(July (4)):388-389.
87. Burnett A.L., Lowenstein C.J., Bredt D.S., Chang T.S., Snyder S.H. Nitric oxide: a physiologic mediator of penile erection. Science 1992, 257(July (5068)):401-403.
88. Toda N., Ayajiki K., Okamura T. Nitric oxide and penile erectile function. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 2005, 106(May (2)):233-266.
89. Nehra A., Steers W.D., Althof S.E., et al. Third international conference on the management of erectile dysfunction: linking pathophysiology and therapeutic response. Journal of Urology 2003, 170(August (2 Pt 2)):S3-S5.
90. Martinez-Jabaloyas J.M., Gil-Salom M., Villamon-Fort R., et al. Prognostic factors for response to sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction. European Urology 2001, 40(December (6)):641-646.
91. Setter S.M., Iltz J.L., Fincham J.E., Campbell R.K., Baker D.E. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2005, 39(July (7-8)):1286-1295.
92. Gur S., Kadowitz P.J., Hellstrom W.J. A review of current progress in gene and stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2008, 8(October (10)):1521-1538.
93. Bahk J.Y., Jung J.H., Han H., Min S.K., Lee Y.S. Treatment of diabetic impotence with umbilical cord blood stem cell intracavernosal transplant: preliminary report of 7 cases. Experimental and Clinical Transplantation 2010, (June (2)):150-160.
94. Albersen M., Lue T.F. Re: Transplantation of nonhematopoietic adult bone marrow stem/progenitor cells isolated by p75 nerve growth factor receptor into the penis rescues erectile function in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury. M. Kendirci, L. Trost, B. Bakondi, M. J. Whitney, W. J. G. Hellstrom and J. L. Spees J Urol 2010;184:1560-1566. Journal of Urology 2011, 185(March (3)):1158-1159.
95. Qiu X., Lin H., Wang Y., et al. Intracavernous transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells restores erectile function of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Sexual Medicine 2011, 8(February (2)):427-436.
96. Abdel Aziz M.T., El-Haggar S., Mostafa T., et al. Effect of mesenchymal stem cell penile transplantation on erectile signaling of aged rats. Andrologia 2010, 42(June (3)):187-192.
97. Hoetzer G.L., Van Guilder G.P., Irmiger H.M., et al. Aging, exercise, and endothelial progenitor cell clonogenic and migratory capacity in men. Journal of Applied Physiology 2007, 102(March (3)):847-852.
98. Tepper O.M., Galiano R.D., Capla J.M., et al. Human endothelial progenitor cells from type II diabetics exhibit impaired proliferation, adhesion, and incorporation into vascular structures. Circulation 2002, 106(November (22)):2781-2786.
99. Chen J.Z., Zhang F.R., Tao Q.M., et al. Number and activity of endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Clinical Science (London) 2004, 107(September (3)):273-280.
100. De Vriese A.S., Billiet J., Van D.J., Ghekiere J., De Letter J.A. Autologous transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells for limb ischemia in a caucasian population with atherosclerosis obliterans. Journal of Internal Medicine 2008, 263(April (4)):395-403.
101. Kinnaird T., Stabile E., Burnett M.S., et al. Marrow-derived stromal cells express genes encoding a broad spectrum of arteriogenic cytokines and promote in vitro and in vivo arteriogenesis through paracrine mechanisms. Circulation Research 2004, 94(March (5)):678-685.
102. Ziegelhoeffer T., Fernandez B., Kostin S., et al. Bone marrow-derived cells do not incorporate into the adult growing vasculature. Circulation Research 2004, 94(February (2)):230-238.
103. Heil M., Ziegelhoeffer T., Mees B., Schaper W. A different outlook on the role of bone marrow stem cells in vascular growth: bone marrow delivers software not hardware. Circulation Research 2004, 94(March (5)):573-574.
104. Tateno K., Minamino T., Toko H., et al. Critical roles of muscle-secreted angiogenic factors in therapeutic neovascularization. Circulation Research 2006, 98(May (9)):1194-1202.
105. Dzau V.J., Gnecchi M., Pachori A.S., Morello F., Melo L.G. Therapeutic potential of endothelial progenitor cells in cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension 2005, 46(July (1)):7-18.