Cancer cachexia: From molecular mechanisms to patient's care

Critical Reviews in Oncogenesis

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 315-322

  Lucia, Simone ^a   Esposito, Martina ^a   Fanelli, Filippo Rossi ^a   Muscaritoli, Maurizio ^a  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cachexia; Cancer; Muscle wasting; Nutritional intervention; Parallel pathway; Weight loss

Indexed keywords

BORTEZOMIB; BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID; CANNABINOID DERIVATIVE; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; CYPROHEPTADINE; CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; GESTAGEN; GHRELIN; HYDRAZINE; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; INFLIXIMAB; INSULIN; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 15; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 6; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; MEGESTROL ACETATE; METOCLOPRAMIDE; MYOSTATIN; OLANZAPINE; OXANDROLONE; PENTOXIFYLLINE; SOMATOMEDIN C; THALIDOMIDE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNINDEXED DRUG;

BODY COMPOSITION; BODY FAT; CACHEXIA; CANCER PATIENT; ENERGY BALANCE; HOST; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; MUSCLE ATROPHY; MUSCLE MASS; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; PATHOGENESIS; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT MONITORING; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; WEIGHT GAIN;

CACHEXIA; HUMANS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; NEOPLASMS; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT;

EID: 84863817177     PISSN: 08939675     EISSN: 21626448     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevOncog.v17.i3.90     Document Type: Review

References (46)

1. Muscaritoli M, Anker SD, Argilés J, Aversa Z, Bauer JM, Biolo G, Boirie Y, Bosaeus I, Cederholm T, Costelli P, Fearon KC, Laviano A, Maggio M, Rossi Fanelli F, Schneider SM, Schols A, Sieber CC. Consensus definition of sarcopenia, cachexia and pre-cachexia: joint document elaborated by Special Interest Groups (SIG) "cachexia-anorexia in chronic wasting diseases" and "nutrition in geriatrics." Clin Nutr. 2010;29:154-159.
2. Marín Caro MM, Laviano A, Pichard C. Nutritional intervention and quality of life in adult oncology patients. Clin Nutr. 2007;26:289-301.
3. Fearon KC. The mechanisms and treatment of weight loss in cancer. Proc Nutr Soc. 1992;51:251-265.
4. von Haehling S, Anker SD. Cachexia as a major underestimated and unmet medical need: facts and numbers. J Cachex Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;1:1-5.
5. Muscaritoli M, Bossola M, Aversa Z, Bellantone R, Rossi Fanelli F. Prevention and treatment of cancer cachexia: new insights into an old problem. Eur J Cancer. 2006;42:31-41.
6. Dewys WD, Begg C, Lavin PT, Band PR, Bennett JM, Bertino JR, Cohen MH, Douglass HO Jr, Engstrom PF, Ezdinli EZ, Horton J, Johnson GJ, Moertel CG, Oken MM, Perlia C, Rosenbaum C, Silverstein MN, Skeel RT, Sponzo RW, Tormey DC. Prognostic effect of weight loss prior to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Am J Med. 1980;69:491-497.
7. Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, Jatoi A, Loprinzi C, MacDonald N, Mantovani G, Davis M, Muscaritoli M, Ottery F, Radbruch L, Ravasco P, Walsh D, Wilcock A, Kaasa S, Baracos VE. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12:489-495.
8. Muscaritoli M, Molfino A, Gioia G, Laviano A, Rossi Fanelli F. The "parallel pathway": a novel nutri- tional and metabolic approach to cancer patients. Intern Emerg Med. 2011;6:105-112.
9. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Madeddu C, Gramignano G, Serpe R, Massa E, Dessì M, Tanca FM, Sanna E, Deiana L, Panzone F, Contu P, Floris C. Random- ized phase III clinical trial of five different arms of treatment for patients with cancer cachexia: interim results. Nutrition. 2008;24:305-313.
10. Mantovani G. Macciò A, Madeddu C, Serpe R, Massa E, Dessì M, Panzone F, Contu P. Randomised phase III clinical trial of 5 different arms of treatment on 332 patients with cancer cachexia. Oncologist. 2010;15:200-211.
11. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Madeddu C, Serpe R, Antoni G, Massa E, Dessì M, Panzone F. Phase II nonrandomized study of the efficacy and safety of COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib on patients with cancer cachexia. J Mol Med. 2010;88:85-92.
12. Mantovani G, Madeddu C, Serpe R. Improvement of physical activity as an alternative objective variable to measure treatment effects of anticachexia therapy in cancer patients. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2010;4:259-265.
13. Tisdale MJ. Mechanisms of cancer cachexia. Physiol Rev. 2009;89:381-410.
14. Argilés JM, López-Soriano FJ. Catabolic proinflam-matory cytokines Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1998;1:245-251.
15. Moses AW, Slater C, Preston T, Barber MD, Fearon KC. Reduced total energy expenditure and physical activity in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer can be modulated by an energy and protein dense oral supplement enriched with n-3 fatty acids. Br J Cancer. 2004;90:996-1002.
16. Falconer JS, Fearon KC, Plester CE, Ross JA, Carter DC. Cytokines, the acute-phase response, and rest- ing energy expenditure in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg. 1994;219:325-331.
17. Fredrix EW, Soeters PB, Wouters EF, Deerenberg IM, von Meyenfeldt MF, Saris WH. Effect of different tumor types on resting energy expenditure. Cancer Res. 1991;51:6138-6141.
18. Laviano A, Meguid MM, Rossi-F.F. Cancer anorexia: clinical implications, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies. Lancet Oncol. 2003;4:686-694.
19. Molfino A, Laviano A, Rossi Fanelli F. Contribution of anorexia to tissue wasting in cachexia. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2010;4:249-253.
20. Pelicano H, Martin DS, Xu RH, Huang P. Glycolysis inhibition for anticancer treatment. Oncogene. 2006;25:4633-4646.
21. Mathupala SP, Rempel A, Pedersen PL. Glucose catabolism in cancer cells. Isolation, sequence, and activity of the promoter for type II hexokinase. J Biol Chem. 1995;270:16918-16925.
22. Tayek JA, Manglik S, Abemayor E. Insulin secretion, glucose production, and insulin sensitivity in under- weight and normal-weight volunteers, and in under- weight and normal-weight cancer patients: a Clinical Research Center study Metabolism. 1997;46:140-145.
23. Shaw J H, Wolfe R R. Fatty acid and glycerol kinetics in septic patients and in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. The response to glucose infusion and parenteral feeding. Ann Surg. 1987;205:368-376.
24. Bing C, Russell S, Becket E, Pope M, Tisdale MJ, Trayhurn P, Jenkins JR. Adipose atrophy in cancer cachexia: morphologic and molecular analysis of adipose tissue in tumour-bearing mice. Br J Cancer. 2006;95:1028-1037.
25. Hollander DM, Ebert EC, Roberts AI, Devereux DF. Effects of tumor type and burden on carcass lipid depletion in mice. Surgery. 1986;100:292-297.
26. Price SR, Olivecrona T, Pekala PH. Regulation of lipoprotein lipase synthesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by cachectin. Further proof for identity with tumour necrosis factor. Biochem J. 1986;240:601-604.
27. Rydén M, Arvidsson E, Blomqvist L, Perbeck L, Dicker A, Arner P. Targets for TNF-alpha-induced lipolysis in human adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004;318:168-175.
28. Maltoni M, Nanni O, Scarpi E, Rossi D, Serra P, Amadori D. High-dose progestins for the treatment of cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Ann Oncol. 2001;12:289-300.
29. Bennani-Baiti N, Davis MP. Cytokines and cancer anorexia cachexia syndrome. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2008;25:407-411.
30. Costelli P, Baccino FM. Mechanisms of skeletal muscle depletion in wasting syndromes: role of ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Curr Opin Nutr Metab Care. 2003;6:407-412.
31. Khal J, Wyke SM, Russel ST, Hine AV, Tisdale MJ. Expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and muscle loss in experimental cancer cachexia. Br J Cancer. 2005;93:774-780.
32. Costelli P, Muscaritoli M, Bossola M, Moore-Carrasco R, Crepaldi S, Grieco G, Autelli R, Bonelli G, Pacelli F, Lopez-Soriano FJ, Argilés JM, Doglietto GB, Baccino FM, Rossi Fanelli F. Skeletal muscle wasting in tumor-bearing rats is associated with MyoD down-regulation. Int J Oncol. 2005;26:1663-1668.
33. Costelli P, Muscaritoli M, Penna F, Reffo P, Bossola M, Bonelli G, Doglietto GB, Baccino FM, Rossi Fanelli F. Muscle myostatin signalling is enhanced in experimental cancer cachexia. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008;38:531-538.
34. Penna F, Bonetto A, Muscaritoli M, Costamagna D, Minero VG, Bonelli G, Rossi Fanelli F, Baccino FM, Costelli P. Muscle atrophy in experimental cancer cachexia: is the IGF-1 signaling pathway involved? Int J Cancer. 2010;127:1706-1717.
35. Van Cutsem E, Arends J. The causes and consequences of cancer-associated malnutrition. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2005;9(Suppl 2):S51-S63.
36. Braga M, Gianotti L, Nespoli L, Radaelli G, Di Carlo V. Nutritional approach in malnourished surgical patients: a prospective randomized study Arch Surg. 2002;137:174-180.
37. Robinson G, Goldstein M, Levine GM. Impact of nutritional status on DRG length of stay. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1987;11:49-51.
38. Fearon KC, Luff R. The nutritional management of surgical patients: enhanced recovery after surgery. Proc Nutr Soc. 2003;62:807-811.
39. Piquet MA Ozsahin M, Larpin I, Zouhair A, Coti P, Monney M, Monnier P, Mirimanoff RO, Roulet M. Early nutritional intervention in oropharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2002;10:502-504.
40. Anthony PS. Nutrition screening tools for hospitalized patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2008;23:373-382.
41. Velasco C, García E, Rodríguez V, Frias L, Garriga R, Alvarez J, García-Peris P, León M. Comparison of four nutritional screening tools to detect nutritional risk in hospitalized patients: a multicentre study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65:269-274.
42. Bauer J, Capra S, Ferguson M. Use of the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assess- ment (PG-SGA) as a nutrition assessment tool in patients with cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56:779-785.
43. Ross PJ, Ashley S, Norton A, Priest K, Waters JS, Eisen T, Smith IE, O'Brien ME. Do patients with weight loss have a worse outcome when undergo- ing chemotherapy for lung cancers? Br J Cancer. 2004;90:1905-1911.
44. Tan BH, Fearon KC. Cachexia: prevalence and impact in medicine. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008;11:400-407.
45. Tazi E, Errihani H. Treatment of cachexia in oncology. Indian J Palliat Care. 2010;16:129-137.
46. Evans WJ, Morley JE, Argilés J, Bales C, Baracos V, Guttridge D, Jatoi A, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Lochs H, Mantovani G, Marks D, Mitch WE, Muscari- toli M, Najand A, Ponikowski P, Rossi Fanelli F, Schambelan M, Schols A, Schuster M, Thomas D, Wolfe R, Anker SD. Cachexia: a new definition. Clin Nutr. 2008; 27:793-799.