Layer-dependent fluorination and doping of graphene via plasma treatment

Nanotechnology

Volumn 23, Issue 11, 2012, Pages

  Chen, Minjiang ^a,b   Zhou, Haiqing ^a,b   Qiu, Caiyu ^a,b   Yang, Huaichao ^a,c   Yu, Fang ^a,d   Sun, Lianfeng ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES   (China)

^c TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

^d PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS; OPTIMAL METHODS; P-DOPING; PLASMA TREATMENT; RAMAN PEAK; THERMAL-ANNEALING;

FLUORINATION; FLUORINE; HALOGENATION; MONOLAYERS; PLASMA APPLICATIONS; PLASMAS; SURFACE PROPERTIES; TABLE LOOKUP;

GRAPHENE;

EID: 84863245890     PISSN: 09574484     EISSN: 13616528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/11/115706     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Katsnelson M I, Grigorieva I V, Dubonos S V and Firsov A A 2005 Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene Nature 438 197200 (Pubitemid 41599867)
2. Zhang Y B, Tan Y W, Stormer H L and Kim P 2005 Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berrys phase in graphene Nature 438 2014 (Pubitemid 41599868)
3. Novoselov K S, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Morozov S V, Stormer H L, Zeitler U, Maan J C, Boebinger G S, Kim P and Geim A K 2007 Room-temperature quantum Hall effect in graphene Science 315 1379 (Pubitemid 46399539)
4. Bolotin K I, Sikes K J, Hone J, Stormer H L and Kim P 2008 Temperature-dependent transport in suspended graphene Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 096802
5. Schedin F, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Hill E W, Blake P, Katsnelson M I and Novoselov K S 2007 Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene Nature Mater. 6 6525 (Pubitemid 47359547)
6. Martin J, Akerman N, Ulbricht G, Lohmann T, Smet J H, Von Klitzing K and Yacoby A 2008 Observation of electronhole puddles in graphene using a scanning single-electron transistor Nature Phys. 4 1448
7. Moser J, Verdaguer A, Jimenez D, Barreiro A and Bachtold A 2008 The environment of graphene probed by electrostatic force microscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 123507
8. Dong X C, Fu D L, Fang W J, Shi Y M, Chen P and Li L J 2009 Doping single-layer graphene with aromatic molecules Small 5 14226
9. Eda G and Chhowalla M 2010 Chemically derived graphene oxide: towards large-area thin-film electronics and optoelectronics Adv. Mater. 22 2392415
10. Hong J M et al 2011 Effect of nitrophenyl functionalization on the magnetic properties of epitaxial graphene Small 7 117580
11. Zhang H, Bekyarova E, Huang J W, Zhao Z, Bao W Z, Wang F L, Haddon R C and Lau C N 2011 Aryl functionalization as a route to band gap engineering in single layer graphene devices Nano Lett. 11 404751
12. Park S and Ruoff R S 2009 Chemical methods for the production of graphenes Nature Nanotechnol. 4 21724
13. Sofo J O, Chaudhari A S and Barber G D 2007 Graphane: a two-dimensional hydrocarbon Phys. Rev. B 75 153401
14. Elias D C et al 2009 Control of graphenes properties by reversible hydrogenation: evidence for graphane Science 323 6103
15. Ruff O and Bretschneider O 1934 The reaction products of the different forms of carbon with fluorine, II (carbon-monofluoride) Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 217 118
16. Palin D E and Wadsworth K D 1948 Structure of carbon monofluoride Nature 162 9256
17. Taylor R, Holloway J H, Hope E G, Avent A G, Langley G J, Dennis T J, Hare J P, Kroto H W and Walton D R M 1992 Nucleophilic-substitution of fluorinated C-60 J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 6657
18. Mickelson E T, Huffman C B, Rinzler A G, Smalley R E, Hauge R H and Margrave J L 1998 Fluorination of single-wall carbon nanotubes Chem. Phys. Lett. 296 18894 (Pubitemid 128340093)
19. Pehrsson P E, Zhao W, Baldwin J W, Song C H, Liu J, Kooi S and Zheng B 2003 Thermal fluorination and annealing of single-wall carbon nanotubes J. Phys. Chem. B 107 56905
20. Luo Z Q, Yu T, Kim K J, Ni Z H, You Y M, Lim S, Shen Z X, Wang S Z and Lin J Y 2009 Thickness-dependent reversible hydrogenation of graphene layers ACS Nano 3 17818
21. Nourbakhsh A, Cantoro M, Vosch T, Pourtois G, Clemente F, van der Veen M H, Hofkens J, Heyns M M, De Gendt S and Sels B F 2010 Bandgap opening in oxygen plasma-treated graphene Nanotechnology 21 435203
22. Kim D C, Jeon D Y, Chung H J, Woo Y, Shin J K and Seo S 2009 The structural and electrical evolution of graphene by oxygen plasma-induced disorder Nanotechnology 20 375703
23. Gokus T, Nair R R, Bonetti A, Bohmler M, Lombardo A, Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Ferrari A C and Hartschuh A 2009 Making graphene luminescent by oxygen plasma treatment ACS Nano 3 39638
24. Dresselhaus M S, Jorio A, Hofmann M, Dresselhaus G and Saito R 2010 Perspectives on carbon nanotubes and graphene Raman spectroscopy Nano Lett. 10 7518
25. Malard L M, Pimenta M A, Dresselhaus G and Dresselhaus M S 2009 Raman spectroscopy in graphene Phys. Rep. 473 5187
26. Ferrari A C et al 2006 Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 187401
27. Berciaud S, Ryu S, Brus L E and Heinz T F 2009 Probing the intrinsic properties of exfoliated graphene: Raman spectroscopy of free-standing monolayers Nano Lett. 9 34652
28. Ferrari A C and Robertson J 2000 Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon Phys. Rev. B 61 14095107
29. Allen M J, Fowler J D, Tung V C, Yang Y, Weiller B H and Kaner R B 2008 Temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy of chemically derived graphene Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 193119
30. Pimenta M A, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus M S, Cancado L G, Jorio A and Saito R 2007 Studying disorder in graphite-based systems by Raman spectroscopy Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9 127691
31. Ferrari A C 2007 Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: disorder, electronphonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects Solid State Commun. 143 4757 (Pubitemid 46874496)
32. Das A et al 2008 Monitoring dopants by Raman scattering in an electrochemically top-gated graphene transistor Nature Nanotechnol. 3 2105 (Pubitemid 351499403)
33. Casiraghi C, Pisana S, Novoselov K S, Geim A K and Ferrari A C 2007 Raman fingerprint of charged impurities in graphene Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 233108
34. Li Q, Li Z J, Chen M R and Fang Y 2009 Real-time study of graphenes phase transition in polymer matrices Nano Lett. 9 212932
35. Basko D M, Piscanec S and Ferrari A C 2009 Electronelectron interactions and doping dependence of the two-phonon Raman intensity in graphene Phys. Rev. B 80 165413
36. Baraket M, Walton S G, Lock E H, Robinson J T and Perkins F K 2010 The functionalization of graphene using electron-beam generated plasmas Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 231501
37. Sharma R, Baik J H, Perera C J and Strano M S 2010 Anomalously large reactivity of single graphene layers and edges toward electron transfer chemistries Nano Lett. 10 398405
38. Meyer J C, Geim A K, Katsnelson M I, Novoselov K S, Booth T J and Roth S 2007 The structure of suspended graphene sheets Nature 446 603 (Pubitemid 46348040)
39. Yang H C, Chen M J, Zhou H Q, Qiu C Y, Hu L J, Yu F, Chu W G, Sun S Q and Sun L F 2011 Preferential and reversible fluorination of monolayer graphene J. Phys. Chem. C 115 168448
40. Yan J, Zhang Y B, Kim P and Pinczuk A 2007 Electric field effect tuning of electronphonon coupling in graphene Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 166802
41. Pisana S, Lazzeri M, Casiraghi C, Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Ferrari A C and Mauri F 2007 Breakdown of the adiabatic BornOppenheimer approximation in graphene Nature Mater. 6 198201 (Pubitemid 46353766)
42. Ni Z H, Yu T, Luo Z Q, Wang Y Y, Liu L, Wong C P, Miao J M, Huang W and Shen Z X 2009 Probing charged impurities in suspended graphene using Raman spectroscopy ACS Nano 3 56974
43. Leenaerts O, Peelaers H, Hernandez-Nieves A D, Partoens B and Peeters F M 2010 First-principles investigation of graphene fluoride and graphane Phys. Rev. B 82 195436
44. Zhou J, Wu M M, Zhou X and Sun Q 2009 Tuning electronic and magnetic properties of graphene by surface modification Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 103108
45. Robinson J T et al 2010 Properties of fluorinated graphene films Nano Lett. 10 30015
46. Song B, Schneider G F, Xu Q, Pandraud G, Dekker C and Zandbergen H 2011 Atomic-scale electron-beam sculpting of near-defect-free graphene nanostructures Nano Lett. 11 224750
47. Mo Y W, Kleiner J, Webb M B and Lagally M G 1991 Activation-energy for surface-diffusion of Si on Si(001)a scanning-tunneling-microscopy study Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 19982001
48. Ma L Y et al 2006 Quantum size effect on adatom surface diffusion Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 266102
49. Zhou H Q, Qiu C Y, Liu Z, Yang H C, Hu L J, Liu J, Yang H F, Gu C Z and Sun L F 2010 Thickness-dependent morphologies of gold on n-layer graphenes J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 9446