Topical treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media

Current Infectious Disease Reports

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 121-127

  Daniel, Sam J ^a  

^a MONTREAL CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Aerobes; Anaerobes; Bacteriology; Biofilms; Cholesteatoma; Chronic mastoiditis; Chronic suppurative otitis media; Draining ear; Eardrops; Fungi; Otorrhea; Ototoxicity; Topical treatment

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM ACETATE; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BORIC ACID; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CIPROFLOXACIN; CIPROFLOXACIN PLUS DEXAMETHASONE; CIPROFLOXACIN PLUS HYDROCORTISONE; CLIOQUINOL PLUS FLUMETASONE PIVALATE; CLOTRIMAZOLE; CRYSTAL VIOLET; FLUCONAZOLE; FRAMYCETIN; GENTAMICIN; GRAMICIDIN; HYDROCORTISONE; IODINE; KETOCONAZOLE; META CRESYL ACETATE; MICONAZOLE; NEOMYCIN; NYSTATIN; OFLOXACIN; OXYMETAZOLINE; POLYMYXIN B; POVIDONE IODINE; THIOMERSAL; TOBRAMYCIN; UNINDEXED DRUG;

AEROBE; ANAEROBE; ARTICLE; BIOFILM; CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTACT DERMATITIS; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; EARDRUM; FUNGUS; HEARING IMPAIRMENT; HEARING TEST; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; NASOPHARYNX; NEPHROTOXICITY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OTORRHEA; OTOSCOPY; OTOTOXICITY; TYMPANOSTOMY TUBE;

EID: 84862884675     PISSN: 15233847     EISSN: 15343146     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11908-012-0246-8     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Daniel SJ, Kozak FK, Fabian MC, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of tympanostomy tube otorrhea. J Otolaryngol. 2005;34 Suppl 2:S60-3. (Pubitemid 44861994)
2. Roland PS. Chronic suppurative otitis media: a clinical overview. Ear Nose Throat J. 2002;81(8 Suppl 1):8-10.
3. Goycoolea MV, Hueb MM, Ruah C. Otitis media: the pathogenesis approach. Definitions and terminology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1991;24(4):757-61.
4. Madana J, Yolmo D, Kalaiarasi R, et al. Microbiological profile with antibiotic sensitivity pattern of cholesteatomatous chronic suppurative otitis media among children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;75(9):1104-8. This study showed that in attico-antral CSOM with cholesteatoma, the most common organisms was P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and S. aureus; all were susceptibie toceftazidime and vancomycin.
5. Bowd AD. Otitis media: health and social consequences for aboriginal youth in Canada's north. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2005;64(1):5-15.
6. Daly KA, Hunter LL, Giebink GS. Chronic otitis media with effusion. Pediatrics in review/American Academy of Pediatrics. 1999;20(3):85-93. quiz 94.
7. Mathew R, Asimacopoulos E, Valentine P. Toward safer practice in otology: A report on 15 years of clinical negligence claims. Laryngoscope. 2011;121(10):2214-9. This is the first study to report outcomes of negligence claims in otology. Claims in otology are associated with a high success rate. A significant proportion of claims are not related to surgery.
8. Kaplan GJ, Fleshman JK, Bender TR, et al. Long-term effects of otitis media: a ten-year cohort study of Alaskan Eskimo children. Pediatrics. 1973;52(4):577-85.
9. Adoga AA, Bakari A, Afolabi OA, et al. Bacterial isolates in chronic suppurative otitis media: a changing pattern? Nigerian journal of medicine: journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria. 2011;20(1):96-8.
10. Lee SK, Lee MS, Jung SY, et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from otorrhea of chronic suppurative otitis media patients. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010;143(4):500-5.
11. Brook I. The role of anaerobic bacteria in chronic suppurative otitis media in children: implications for medical therapy. Anaerobe. 2008;14(6):297-300. This article describes the microbiology, diagnosis and medical management of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in children highlighting the role of anaerobic bacteria.
12. Brook I. The role of anaerobic bacteria in otitis media: microbiology, pathogenesis, and implications on therapy. Am J Otolaryngol. 1987;8(2):109-17. (Pubitemid 17071839)
13. Brook I, Burke P. The management of acute, serous and chronic otitis media: the role of anaerobic bacteria. J Hosp Infect. 1992;22 (Suppl A):75-87. (Pubitemid 23031981)
14. Brook I, Yocum P, Shah K. Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteriology of Otorrhea Associated with Tympanostomy Tubes in Children. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh). 1998;118:206-10. This article reveals that specimens collected from the external auditory canals can be misleading. Reliable information can be obtained from the ear exudates when collected through the tympanostomy tubes or through the open perforation after their removal. (Pubitemid 28179782)
15. Saunders J, Murray M, Alleman A. Biofilms in chronic suppurative otitis media and cholesteatoma: scanning electron microscopy findings. Am J Otolaryngol. 2011;32(1):32-7. Using scanning electron microscopy, this study showed that bacterial biofilms are common in chronic infections associated with cholesteatoma and are present in some cases of chronic suppurative otitis media without cholesteatoma.
16. Chang J, Lee SH, Choi J, et al. Nasopharynx as a microbiologic reservoir in chronic suppurative otitis media: preliminary study. Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology. 2011;4(3):122-5. This study suggests that it is necessary to perform nasopharynx cultures together with conventional middle ear culture to orient antibiotherapy pre-operatively.
17. Browning GG, Gatehouse S, Calder IT. Medical management of active chronic otitis media: a controlled study. J Laryngol Otol. 1988;102(6):491-5.
18. Saunders MW, Robinson PJ. How easily do topical antibiotics pass through tympanostomy tubes?-an in vitro study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1999;50(1):45-50. (Pubitemid 29476508)
19. Boyd NH, Gottschall JA. Assessing the efficacy of tragal pumping: a randomized controlled trial. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;144(6):891-3. Epub 2011 Feb 18.
20. Hannley MT, Denneny 3rd JC, Holzer SS. Use of ototopical antibiotics in treating 3 common ear diseases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;122(6):934-40. (Pubitemid 30412671)
21. Macfadyen CA, Acuin JM, Gamble C: Systemic antibiotics versus topical treatments for chronically discharging ears with underlying eardrum perforations. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2006(1):CD005608 (online 2009). This study shows that short courses of topical quinolone antibiotics are more effective than systemic antibiotics alone for the short-term resolution of otorrhea from uncomplicated CSOM.
22. Macfadyen CA, Acuin JM, Gamble C: Topical antibiotics without steroids for chronically discharging ears with underlying eardrum perforations. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2005 (4):CD004618 (online 2009). In this review, short courses of topical quinolone antibiotics were shown to be more effective than no drug treatment or topical antiseptics for the short-term resolution of otorrhea from uncomplicated CSOM.
23. Klein JO. Strategies for decreasing multidrug antibiotic resistance: role of ototopical agents for treatment of middle ear infections. Am J Manag Care. 2002;8(14 Suppl):S345-52. (Pubitemid 35282596)
24. Weber PC, Roland PS, Hannley M, et al. The development of antibiotic resistant organisms with the use of ototopical medications. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(3 Suppl): S89-94. (Pubitemid 38445577)
25. Agro AS, Garner ET, Wright 3rd JW, et al. Clinical trial of ototopical ofloxacin for treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media. Clin Ther. 1998;20(4):744-59. (Pubitemid 28421495)
26. Manolidis S, Friedman R, Hannley M, et al. Comparative efficacy of aminoglycoside versus fluoroquinolone topical antibiotic drops. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(3 Suppl):S83-8. (Pubitemid 38445576)
27. Macfadyen C, Gamble C, Garner P, et al. Topical quinolone vs. antiseptic for treating chronic suppurative otitis media: a randomized controlled trial. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10(2):190-7. (Pubitemid 40269170)
28. Leach AJ, Morris PS: Antibiotics for the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) 2006(4):CD004401.
29. Daniel SJ, Munguia R. Ototoxicity of topical ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone otic suspension in a chinchilla animal model. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;139(6):840-5.
30. Roland PS, Stewart MG, Hannley M, et al. Consensus panel on role of potentially ototoxic antibiotics for topical middle ear use: Introduction, methodology, and recommendations. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(3 Suppl):S51-6. (Pubitemid 38445573)
31. Matz G, Rybak L, Roland PS, et al. Ototoxicity of ototopical antibiotic drops in humans. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(3 Suppl):S79-82. (Pubitemid 38445575)
32. Ichibangase T, Yamano T, Miyagi M, et al. Ototoxicity of Povidone-Iodine applied to the middle ear cavity of guinea pigs. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;75(9):1078-81.
33. Boudewyns A, Claes J. Acute cochleovestibular toxicity due to topical application of potassium iodide. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;258(3):109-11. (Pubitemid 32260926)
34. Oishi N, Inoue Y, Saito H, et al. Burow's solution-induced acute sensorineural hearing loss: report of two cases. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2010;37(3):369-72.
35. Haynes DS, Rutka J, Hawke M, et al. Ototoxicity of ototopical drops-an update. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2007;40(3):669-83. xi. Review. (Pubitemid 46830930)
36. Daniel SJ, Akinpelu OV, Sahmkow S, et al. Oxymetazoline ototoxicity in a chinchilla animal model. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;146(1):114-8.
37. Isaacson G, Buttaro BA, Mazeffa V, et al. Oxymetazoline solutions inhibit middle ear pathogens and are not ototoxic. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2005;114(8):645-51. (Pubitemid 41170057)
38. Munguia R, Daniel SJ. Ototopical antifungals and otomycosis: a review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;72(4):453-9. This review discusses the topical antifungals most commonly used in otomycosis and their ototoxic potential. Candida albicans and Aspergillus are the most commonly identified organisms. Antifungals from the Azole class seem to be the most effective, followed by Nystatin and Tolnaftate.
39. Daniel SJ, Sahmkow S, Akinpelu OV. Is Ototopical Nystatin Ototoxic?: A Chinchilla Model. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;145(6):1022-4. This study demonstrates the safety of topical nystatin in an animal model.