" Serial" effects in parallel models of reading

Cognitive Psychology

Volumn 64, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 267-291

  Chang, Ya Ning ^a   Furber, Steve ^a   Welbourne, Stephen ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Computational modelling; Length effect; PDP; Reading; Visual word recognition; VWFA

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; COMPREHENSION; HUMAN; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHONETICS; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; READING; SEMANTICS;

ALGORITHMS; COMPREHENSION; HUMANS; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHONETICS; READING; SEMANTICS;

EID: 84862794748     PISSN: 00100285     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.01.002     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Arguin M., Fiset S., Bub D. Sequential and parallel letter processing in letter-by-letter dyslexia. Cognitive Neuropsychology 2002, 19(6):535-555.
2. Balota D.A., Cortese M.J., Sergent-Marshall S.D., Spieler D.H., Yap M.J. Visual word recognition of single-syllable words. Journal of Experimental Psychology - General 2004, 133(2):283-316.
3. Balota D.A., Yap M.J., Cortese M.J., Hutchison K.A., Kessler B., Loftis B., et al. The English lexicon project. Behavior Research Methods 2007, 39(3):445-459.
4. Baron J., Strawson C. Use of orthographic and word specific knowledge in reading words aloud. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance 1976, 2(3):386-393.
5. Behrmann M., Nelson J., Sekuler E.B. Visual complexity in letter-by-letter reading: " Pure" Alexia is not pure. Neuropsychologia 1998, 36(11):1115-1132.
6. Behrmann M., Shallice T. Pure alexia - A nonspatial visual disorder affecting letter activation. Cognitive Neuropsychology 1995, 12(4):409-454.
7. Besner D. Between data and a connectionist word recognition model - Some disconnections. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 1989, 27(6):511.
8. Brysbaert M., Nazir T. Visual constraints in written word recognition: Evidence from the optimal viewing-position effect. Journal of Research in Reading 2005, 28(3):216-228.
9. Bub D.N., Lewine J. Different modes of word recognition in the left and right visual-fields. Brain and Language 1988, 33(1):161-188.
10. Cohen L., Dehaene S., Vinckier F., Jobert A., Montavont A. Reading normal and degraded words: Contribution of the dorsal and ventral visual pathways. Neuroimage 2008, 40(1):353-366.
11. Cohen L., Henry C., Dehaene S., Martinaud O., Lehericy S., Lemer C., et al. The pathophysiology of letter-by-letter reading. Neuropsychologia 2004, 42(13):1768-1780.
12. Coltheart M., Curtis B., Atkins P., Haller M. Models of reading aloud - Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Psychological Review 1993, 100(4):589-608.
13. Coltheart M., Rastle K., Perry C., Langdon R., Ziegler J. Drc: A dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. Psychological Review 2001, 108(1):204-256.
14. Coslett H.B., Saffran E.M. Evidence for preserved reading in pure alexia. Brain 1989, 112:327-359.
15. Devlin J.T., Jamison H.L., Gonnerman L.M., Matthews P.M. The role of the posterior fusiform gyrus in reading. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2006, 18(6):911-922.
16. Ellis A.W., Young A.W., Anderson C. Modes of word recognition in the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Brain and Language 1988, 35(2):254-273.
17. Farah M.J., Wallace M.A. Pure alexia as a visual impairment - A reconsideration. Cognitive Neuropsychology 1991, 8(3-4):313-334.
18. Fiez J.A., Balota D.A., Raichle M.E., Petersen S.E. Effects of lexicality, frequency, and spelling-to-sound consistency on the functional anatomy of reading. Neuron 1999, 24(1):205-218.
19. Fiset S., Arguin M., Fiset D. An attempt to simulate letter-by-letter dyslexia in normal readers. Brain and Language 2006, 98(3):251-263.
20. Forster K.I., Chambers S.M. Lexical access and naming time. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 1973, 12(6):627-635.
21. Frederiksen J.R., Kroll J.F. Spelling and sound - Approaches to internal lexicon. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance 1976, 2(3):361-379.
22. Garrard P., Lambon Ralph M.A., Hodges J.R., Patterson K. Prototypicality, distinctiveness, and intercorrelation: Analyses of the semantic attributes of living and nonliving concepts. Cognitive Neuropsychology 2001, 18(2):125-174.
23. Glushko R.J. Organization and activation of orthographic knowledge in reading aloud. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance 1979, 5(4):674-691.
24. Harm M.W. Building large scale distributed semantic feature sets with wordnet 2002, Carnegie Mellon University, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh.
25. Harm M.W., Seidenberg M.S. Phonology, reading acquisition, and dyslexia: Insights from connectionist models. Psychological Review 1999, 106(3):491-528.
26. Harm M.W., Seidenberg M.S. Computing the meanings of words in reading: Cooperative division of labor between visual and phonological processes. Psychological Review 2004, 111(3):662-720.
27. Hauk O., Pulvermuller F. Effects of word length and frequency on the human event-related potential. Clinical Neurophysiology 2004, 115(5):1090-1103.
28. Jared D., McRae K., Seidenberg M.S. The basis of consistency effects in word naming. Journal of Memory and Language 1990, 29(6):687-715.
29. Kawamoto, A. H. (2010, August). Word length effects and the serial vs. Parallel debate in connectionist models of reading aloud. Poster presented at the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Portland, OR.
30. Kawamoto A.H., Kello C.T. Effect of onset cluster complexity in speeded naming: A test of rule-based approaches. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance 1999, 25(2):361-375.
31. Kawamoto A.H., Kello C.T., Jones R., Bame K. Initial phoneme versus whole-word criterion to initiate pronunciation: Evidence based on response latency and initial phoneme duration. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Learning Memory and Cognition 1998, 24(4):862-885.
32. Kay J., Hanley R. Simultaneous form perception and serial letter recognition in a case of letter-by-letter reading. Cognitive Neuropsychology 1991, 8(3-4):249-273.
33. Kučera H., Francis W.N. Computational analysis of present-day American English 1967, Brown University Press, RI.
34. Landauer T.K., Foltz P.W., Laham D. An introduction to latent semantic analysis. Discourse Processes 1998, 25(2-3):259-284.
35. Lavidor M., Bailey P.J. Dissociations between serial position and number of letters effects in lateralised visual word precognition. Journal of Research in Reading 2005, 28(3):258-273.
36. Lavidor M., Ellis A.W. Word length and orthographic neighborhood size effects in the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Brain and Language 2002, 80(1):45-62.
37. Legge G.E., Ahn S.J., Klitz T.S., Luebker A. Psychophysics of reading. 16. The visual span in normal and low vision. Vision Research 1997, 37(14):1999-2010.
38. Legge G.E., Mansfield J.S., Chung S.T.L. Psychophysics of reading. XX. Linking letter recognition to reading speed in central and peripheral vision. Vision Research 2001, 41(6):725-743.
39. Lund K., Burgess C. Producing high-dimensional semantic spaces from lexical co-occurrence. Behavior Research Methods Instruments & Computers 1996, 28(2):203-208.
40. McConkie G.W., Kerr P.W., Reddix M.D., Zola D., Jacobs A.M. Eye-movement control during reading. 2. Frequency of refixating a word. Perception & Psychophysics 1989, 46(3):245-253.
41. McRae K., Cree G.S., Seidenberg M.S., McNorgan C. Semantic feature production norms for a large set of living and nonliving things. Behavior Research Methods 2005, 37(4):547-559.
42. Monaghan P., Ellis A.W. Modeling reading development: Cumulative, incremental learning in a computational model of word naming. Journal of Memory and Language 2010, 63(4):506-525.
43. Mycroft R.H., Behrmann M., Kay J. Visuoperceptual deficits in letter-by-letter reading?. Neuropsychologia 2009, 47(7):1733-1744.
44. Nazir T.A. Traces of print along the visual pathway. Reading as a perceptual process 2000, North Holland, Elsevier Science, Ltd. A. Kennedy, R. Radach, D. Heller, J. Pynte (Eds.).
45. Nazir T.A., Ben-Boutayab N., Decoppet N., Deutsch A., Frost R. Reading habits, perceptual learning, and recognition of printed words. Brain and Language 2004, 88(3):294-311.
46. Nazir T.A., Oregan J.K., Jacobs A.M. On words and their letters. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 1991, 29(2):171-174.
47. New B., Ferrand L., Pallier C., Brysbaert M. Reexamining the word length effect in visual word recognition: New evidence from the English lexicon project. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2006, 13(1):45-52.
48. Oregan J.K., Levyschoen A., Pynte J., Brugaillere B. Convenient fixation location within isolated words of different length and structure. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance 1984, 10(2):250-257.
49. Patterson K., Kay J. Letter-by-letter reading - Psychological descriptions of a neurological syndrome. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A - Human Experimental Psychology 1982, 34(Aug):411-441.
50. Penolazzi B., Hauk O., Pulvermuller F. Early semantic context integration and lexical access as revealed by event-related brain potentials. Biological Psychology 2007, 74(3):374-388.
51. Perry C., Ziegler J.C., Zorzi M. Nested incremental modeling in the development of computational theories: The CDP+ model of reading aloud. Psychological Review 2007, 114(2):273-315.
52. Plaut D.C. Structure and function in the lexical system: Insights from distributed models of word reading and lexical decision. Language and Cognitive Processes 1997, 12(5-6):765-805.
53. Plaut D.C. A connectionist approach to word reading and acquired dyslexia: Extension to sequential processing. Cognitive Science 1999, 23(4):543-568.
54. Plaut D.C., McClelland J.L., Seidenberg M.S., Patterson K. Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains. Psychological Review 1996, 103(1):56-115.
55. Price C.J., Devlin J.T. The myth of the visual word form area. Neuroimage 2003, 19(3):473-481.
56. Price C.J., Wise R.J.S., Frackowiak R.S.J. Demonstrating the implicit processing of visually presented words and pseudowords. Cerebral Cortex 1996, 6(1):62-70.
57. Rapp B.C., Caramazza A. Spatially determined deficits in letter and word-processing. Cognitive Neuropsychology 1991, 8(3-4):275-311.
58. Rastle K., Coltheart M. Whammies and double whammies: The effect of length on nonword reading. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 1998, 5(2):277-282.
59. Rastle K., Coltheart M. Serial and strategic effects in reading aloud. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance 1999, 25(2):482-503.
60. Rastle K., Harrington J., Coltheart M., Palethorpe S. Reading aloud begins when the computation of phonology is complete. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance 2000, 26(3):1178-1191.
61. Rastle K., Havelka J., Wydell T.N., Coltheart M., Besner D. The cross-script length effect: Further evidence challenging PDP models of reading aloud. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Learning Memory and Cognition 2009, 35(1):238-246.
62. Rayner K. Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological bulletin 1998, 124(3):372-422.
63. Richards L.G., Heller F.P. Recognition thresholds as a function of word-length. American Journal of Psychology 1976, 89(3):455-466.
64. Rohde D.L.T., Gonnerman L., Plaut D.C. An improved model of semantic similarity based on lexical co-occurrence. Communications of the ACM 2006, 8:627-633.
65. Schurz M., Sturm D., Richlan F., Kronbichler M., Ladurner G., Wimmer H. A dual-route perspective on brain activation in response to visual words: Evidence for a length by lexicality interaction in the visual word form area (VWFA). Neuroimage 2010, 49(3):2649-2661.
66. Seidenberg M.S., McClelland J.L. A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming. Psychological Review 1989, 96(4):523-568.
67. Seidenberg M.S., Plaut D.C. Evaluating word-reading models at the item level: Matching the grain of theory and data. Psychological Science 1998, 9(3):234-237.
68. Stanovich K.E., Bauer D.W. Experiments on spelling-to-sound regularity effect in word recognition. Memory & Cognition 1978, 6(4):410-415.
69. Taraban R., McClelland J.L. Conspiracy effects in word pronunciation. Journal of Memory and Language 1987, 26(6):608-631.
70. Warrington E.K., Shallice T. Word-form dyslexia. Brain 1980, 103(Mar):99-112.
71. Weekes B.S. Differential effects of number of letters on word and nonword naming latency. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A - Human Experimental Psychology 1997, 50(2):439-456.
72. Welbourne S.R., Lambon Ralph M.A. Using parallel distributed processing models to simulate phonological dyslexia: The key role of plasticity-related recovery. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2007, 19(7):1125-1139.
73. Whaley C.P. Word-nonword classification time. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 1978, 17(2):143-154.
74. Woollams A.M., Lambon Ralph M.A., Plaut D.C., Patterson K. Sd-squared: On the association between semantic dementia and surface dyslexia. Psychological Review 2007, 114(2):316-339.
75. Wydell T.N., Vuorinen T., Helenius P., Salmelin R. Neural correlates of letter-string length and lexicality during reading in a regular orthography. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2003, 15(7):1052-1062.
76. Xu B., Grafman J., Gaillard W.D., Ishii K., Vega-Bermudez F., Pietrini P., et al. Conjoint and extended neural networks for the computation of speech codes: The neural basis of selective impairment in reading words and pseudowords. Cerebral Cortex 2001, 11(3):267-277.
77. Young A.W., Ellis A.W. Different methods of lexical access for words presented in the left and right visual hemifields. Brain and Language 1985, 24(2):326-358.
78. Zorzi M. Serial processing in reading aloud: No challenge for a parallel model. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance 2000, 26(2):847-856.
79. Zorzi M. The connectionist dual process (CDP) approach to modelling reading aloud. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 2010, 22(5):836-860.
80. Zorzi M., Houghton G., Butterworth B. Two routes or one in reading aloud? A connectionist dual-process model. Journal of Experimental Psychology - Human Perception and Performance 1998, 24(4):1131-1161.