Spectroscopy of thin polyaniline films deposited during chemical oxidation of aniline

Chemical Papers

Volumn 66, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 415-445

  Trchová, Miroslava ^a   Morávková, Zuzana ^a   Šeděnková, Ivana ^a   Stejskal, Jaroslav ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

FTIR spectroscopy; Polyaniline; Raman spectroscopy; Thin films; UV VIS spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

EID: 84862661922     PISSN: 03666352     EISSN: 13369075     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2478/s11696-012-0142-6     Document Type: Review

References (276)

1. Armes, S. P. (1996). Conducting polymer colloids. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 1, 214-220. DOI: 10.1016/s1359-0294(96)80007-0.
2. Avlyanov, J. K., Josefowicz, J. Y., & MacDiarmid, A. G. (1995). Atomic force microscopy surface morphology studies of "in situ" deposited polyaniline films. Synthetic Metals, 73, 205-208. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(95)80017-4.
3. Ayad, M. M., Prastomo, N., Matsuda, A., & Stejskal, J. (2010). Sensing of silver ions by nanotubular polyaniline film deposited on quartz-crystal in a microbalance. Synthetic Metals, 160, 42-46. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.09.030.
4. Ayad, M. M., Salahuddin, N., & Shenashin, M. A. (2004). The optimum HCl concentration for the in situ polyaniline film formation. Synthetic Metals, 142, 101-106. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2003.07.009.
5. Ayad, M. M., & Torad, N. L. (2009). Alcohol vapors sensor based on thin polyaniline salt film and quartz crystal microbalance. Talanta, 78, 1280-1285. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta. 2009.01.053.
6. Ayad, M. M., & Zaki, E. A. (2009). Effect of water on inorganic acids doped polyaniline. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 114, 1384-1389. DOI: 10.1002/app.30631.
7. Bai, H., & Shi, G. Q. (2007). Gas sensors based on conducting polymers. Sensors, 7, 267-307. DOI: 10.3390/s7030267.
8. Baibarac, M., Baltog, I., Lefrant, S., Mevellec, J. Y., & Chauvet, O. (2003). Polyaniline and carbon nanotubes based composites containing whole units and fragments of nanotubes. Chemistry of Materials, 15, 4149-4156. DOI: 10.1021/cm021287x.
9. Baibarac, M., Mihut, L., Louarn, G., Lefrant, S., & Baltog, I. (2000). Doping and metallic-support effect evidenced on SERS spectra of polyaniline thin films. Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics, 38, 2599- 2609. DOI: 10.1002/1099-0488(20001001)38:19<2599::AIDPOLB120> 3.0.CO;2-Y.
10. Baibarac, M., Mihut, L., Louarn, G., Mevellec, J. Y., Wery, J., Lefrant, S., & Baltog, I. (1999). Interfacial chemical effect evidenced on SERS spectra of polyaniline thin films deposited on rough metallic supports. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 30, 1105-1113.
11. Bernard, M. C., & Hugot-Le Goff, A. (2006a). Quantitative characterization of polyaniline films using Raman spectroscopy I: Polaron lattice and bipolaron. Electrochimica Acta, 52, 595-603. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.05.039. (Pubitemid 44441238)
12. Bernard, M. C., & Hugot-Le Goff, A. (2006b). Quantitative characterization of polyaniline films using Raman spectroscopy II. Effects of self-doping in sulfonated polyaniline. Electrochimica Acta, 52, 728-735. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta. 2006.05.061. (Pubitemid 44441251)
13. Bessière, A., Duhamel, C., Badot, J.C., Lucas, V., & Certiat, M. C. (2004). Study and optimization of a flexible electrochromic device based on polyaniline. Electrochimica Acta, 49, 2051-2055. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta. 2003.12.034.
14. Bhadra, S., Khastgir, D., Singha, N. K., & Lee, J. H. (2009). Progress in preparation, processing and applications of polyaniline. Progress in Polymer Science, 34, 783-810. DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.04.003.
15. Blinova, N. V., Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., Ćiric̀- Marjanovic̀, G., & Sapurina, I. (2007a). Polymerization of aniline on polyaniline membranes. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 111, 2440-2448. DOI: 10.1021/jp067370f. (Pubitemid 46548725)
16. Blinova, N. V., Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., & Prokeš, J. (2006). Polyaniline prepared in solutions of phosphoric acid: Powders, thin films, and colloidal dispersions. Polymer, 47, 42-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer. 2005.10.145. (Pubitemid 41819100)
17. Blinova, N. V., Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., Prokeš, J., & Omastova, M. (2007b). Polyaniline and polypyrrole: A comparative study of the preparation. European Polymer Journal, 43, 2331-2341. DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj. 2007.03.045. (Pubitemid 46856407)
18. Bouazza, S., Alonzo, V., & Hauchard, D. (2009). Synthesis and characterization of Ag nanoparticles-polyaniline composite powder material. Synthetic Metals, 159, 1612-1619. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.04.025.
19. 3 -doped dimer of polyaniline. A good model compound of emeraldine salt. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 104, 8952-8961. DOI:10.1021/jp000946v.
20. Boyer, M. I., Quillard, S., Rebourt, E., Louarn, G., Buisson, J. P., Monkman, A., & Lefrant, S. (1998). Vibrational analysis of polyaniline: A model compound approach. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 102, 7382-7392. DOI: 10.1021/jp972652o. (Pubitemid 128576798)
21. Branzoi, V., Branzoi, F., & Pilan, L. (2010). Electrochemical fabrication and capacitance of composite films of carbon nanotubes and polyaniline. Surface and Interface Analysis, 42, 1266-1270. DOI: 10.1002/sia.3387.
22. Brožova, L., Holler, P., Kovařova, J., Stejskal, J., & Trchova, M. (2008). The stability of polyaniline in strongly alkaline or acidic aqueous media. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 93, 592-600. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.01.012.
23. Buzarovska, A., Arsova, I., & Arsov, L. (2001). Electrochemical synthesis of poly(2-methyl aniline): electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 66, 27-37. (Pubitemid 33704983)
24. Canobre, S. C., Almeida, D. A. L., Polo Fonseca, C., & Neves, S. (2009). Synthesis and characterization of hybrid composites based on carbon nanotubes. Electrochimica Acta, 54, 6383-6388. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.06. 002.
25. Cao, Y. (1990). Spectroscopic studies of acceptor and donor doping of polyaniline in the emeraldine base and pernigraniline forms. Synthetic Metals, 35, 319-332. DOI: 10.1016/0379- 6779(90)90216-8. (Pubitemid 20693868)
26. Chandrakanthi, N., & Careem, M. A. (2000). Preparation and characterization of fully oxidized form of polyaniline. Polymer Bulletin, 45, 113-120. DOI: 10.1007/s002890070038.
27. Chandrakanthi, N., & Careem, M. A. (2003). Optical spectroscopic studies of pernigraniline and emeraldine base forms of polyaniline. Synthetic Metals, 135-136, 337-338. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779(02)00609-4. (Pubitemid 41064144)
28. Chiang, J. C., & MacDiarmid, A. G. (1986). 'Polyaniline': Protonic acid doping of the emeraldine form to the metallic regime. Synthetic Metals, 13, 193-205. DOI: 10.1016/0379- 6779(86)90070-6.
29. Chinn, D., DuBow, J., Liess, M., Josowicz, M., & Janata, J. (1995). Comparison of chemically and electrochemically prepared polyaniline films. 1. Electrical properties. Chemistry of Materials, 7, 1504-1509. DOI: 10.1021/cm00056a016.
30. Choi, H. J., & Jhon, M. S. (2009). Electrorheology of polymers and nanocomposites. Soft Matter, 5, 1562-1567. DOI: 10.1039/b818368f.
31. Choi, C. H., & Kertesz, M. (1997). Conformational studies of vibrational properties and electronic states of leucoemeraldine base and its oligomers. Macromolecules, 30, 620-630. DOI: 10.1021/ma961120n. (Pubitemid 127567654)
32. Ćiric̀-Marjanovic̀, G., Konyushenko, E. N., Trchova, M., & Stejskal, J. (2008a). Chemical oxidative polymerization of anilinium sulfate versus aniline: Theory and experiment. Synthetic Metals, 158, 200-211. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.01.005. (Pubitemid 351515904)
33. Ćiric̀-Marjanovic̀, G., Trchova, M., Konyushenko, E. N., Holler, P., & Stejskal, J. (2008b). Chemical oxidative polymerization of aminophenylenediamines. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 112, 6976-6987. DOI: 10.1021/jp710963e.
34. Ćiric̀-Marjanovic̀, G., Trchova, M., & Stejskal, J. (2008c). The chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in water: Raman spectroscopy. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 39, 1375-1387. DOI: 10.1002/jrs.2007.
35. Cochet, M., Louarn, G., Quillard, S., Boyer, M. I., Buisson, J. P., & Lefrant, S. (2000). Theoretical and experimental vibrational study of polyaniline in base forms: non-planar analysis. Part I. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 31, 1029-1039. DOI: 10.1002/1097-4555(200011)31:11<1029::AID- JRS640>3.0. CO;2-A.
36. Colomban, Ph., Folch, S., & Gruger, A. (1999) Vibrational study of short-range order and structure of polyaniline bases and salts. Macromolecules, 32, 3080-3092. DOI: 10.1021/ma981018l.
37. Colomban, Ph., Gruger, A., Novak, A., & Regis, A. (1994). Infrared and Raman study of polyaniline Part I. Hydrogen bonding and electronic mobility in emeraldine salts. Journal of Molecular Structure, 317, 261-271. DOI: 10.1016/0022- 2860(93)07898-7.
38. Deepshikha, & Basu, T. (2011). A review on synthesis and characterization of nanostructured conducting polymers (NSPC) and application in biosensors. Analytical Letters, 44, 1126-1171. DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010. 511734.
39. Deshpande, N. G., Gudage, Y. G., Devan, R. S., Ma, Y. R., Lee, Y. P., & Sharma, R. (2009). Room-temperature gas sensing studies of polyaniline thin films deposited on different substrates. Smart Materials and Structures, 18(9), 095010/1-6. DOI: 10.1088/0964-1726/18/9/095010.
40. Ding, H. J., Shen, J. Y., Wan, M. X., & Chen, Z. J. (2008). Formation mechanism of polyaniline nanotubes by a simplified template-free method. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 209, 864-871. DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700624.
41. Ding, H. J., Wan, M. X., & Wei, Y. (2007). Controlling the diameter of polyaniline nanofibers by adjusting the oxidant redox potential. Advanced Materials, 19, 465-469. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200600831. (Pubitemid 46925445)
42. Ding, L. L., Wang, X. W., & Gregory, R. V. (1999). Thermal properties of chemically synthesized polyaniline (EB) powder. Synthetic Metals, 104, 73-78. DOI: 10.1016/s0379- 6779(99)00035-1.
43. Ding, H. J., Zhu, C. J., Zhou, Z. M., Wan, M. X., & Wei, Y. (2006). Monodispersed and oriented microspheres of polyaniline. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 207, 1159-1165. DOI: 10.1002/macp.200600158. (Pubitemid 44075875)
44. Dhand, C., Das, M., Datta, M., & Malhotra, B. D. (2011). Recent advances in polyaniline based biosensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 26, 2811-2821. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010. 10.017.
45. Dolan, A. R., & Wood, T. D. (2004). Synthesis and characterization of low molecular weight oligomers of soluble polyaniline by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Synthetic Metals, 143, 243-250. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2003.12.010.
46. do Nascimento, G. M., Constantino, V. R. L., Landers, R., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2004a). Aniline polymerization into montmorillonite clay: A spectroscopic investigation of the intercalated conducting polymer. Macromolecules, 37, 9373-9385. DOI: 10.1021/ma049054+. (Pubitemid 40002665)
47. do Nascimento, G. M., Constantino, V. R. L., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2004b). Spectroscopic characterization of doped poly(benzidine) and its nanocomposite with cationic clay. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 108, 5564-5571. DOI: 10.1021/jp037262i.
48. do Nascimento, G. M., Corio, P., Novickis, R. W., Temperini, M. L. A., & Dresselhaus, M. S. (2005). Synthesis and characterization of single-wall-carbon-nanotube-doped emeraldine salt and base polyaniline nanocomposites. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 43, 815-822. DOI: 10.1002/pola.20551. (Pubitemid 40206676)
49. do Nascimento, G. M., Kobata, P. Y. G., Millen, R. P., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2007). Raman dispersion in polyaniline base forms. Synthetic Metals, 157, 247-251. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2007.02.003. (Pubitemid 46810170)
50. do Nascimento, G. M., Kobata, P. Y. G., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2008a). Structural and vibrational characterization of polyaniline nanofibers prepared from interfacial polymerization. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 112, 11551-11557. DOI: 10.1021/jp804154k.
51. do Nascimento, G. M., Pereira da Silva, J. E., Cordoba de Torresi, S. I., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2002). Comparison of secondary doping and thermal treatment in poly(diphenylamine) and polyaniline monitored by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Macromolecules, 35, 121-125. DOI: 10.1021/ma010920h. (Pubitemid 34064310)
52. do Nascimento, G. M., Silva, T. B., Corio, P., & Dresselhaus, M. S. (2010). Charge-transfer behavior of polyaniline single wall carbon nanotubes nanocomposites monitored by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 41, 1587-1593. DOI: 10.1002/jrs.2598.
53. do Nascimento, G. M., Silva, C. H. B., Izumi, C. M. S., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2008b). The role of cross-linking structures to the formation of one-dimensional nano-organized polyaniline and their Raman fingerprint. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 71, 869-875. DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.02.009.
54. do Nascimento, G. M., Silva, C. H. B., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2006). Electronic structure and doping behavior of PANINSA nanofibers investigated by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 27, 255- 259. DOI: 10.1002/marc.200500690. (Pubitemid 43326667)
55. do Nascimento, G. M., Silva, C. H. B., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2008c). Spectroscopic characterization of the structural changes of polyaniline nanofibers after heating. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 93, 291-297. DOI: 10.1016/j. polymdegradstab.2007.09.001.
56. do Nascimento, G. M., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2008). Studies on the resonance Raman spectra of polyaniline obtained withnear-IR excitation. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 39, 772-778. DOI: 10.1002/jrs.1841.
57. 2 ) composite catalyst. The effect of humidity. Applied Catalysis A: General, 333, 219-228. DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2007.09.011. (Pubitemid 350047532)
58. Dresselhaus, M. S., Jorio, A., Hofmann, M., Dresselhaus, G., & Saito, R. (2010). Perspectives on carbon nanotubes and graphene Raman spectroscopy. Nano Letters, 10, 751-758. DOI: 10.1021/nl904286r.
59. Dutta, D., Sarma, T. K., Chowdhury, D., & Chattopadhyay, A. (2005). A polyaniline-containing filter paper that acts as a sensor, acid, base, and endpoint indicator and also filters acids and bases. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 283, 153-159. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.051. (Pubitemid 40247582)
60. El-Said, W. A., Yea, C. H., Choi, J. W., & Kwon, I. K. (2009). Ultrathin polyaniline film coated on an indium-tin oxide cellbased chip for study of anticancer effect. Thin Solid Films, 518, 661-667. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.07.062.
61. Engert, C., Umapathy, S., Kiefer, W., & Hamaguchi, H. (1994). Dynamic structure of charge carrier in polyaniline by near-infrared excited resonance Raman spectroscopy. Chemical Physics Letters, 218, 87-92. DOI: 10.1016/0009- 2614(93)e1468-v.
62. Epstein, A. J., Ginder, J. M., Zuo, F., Woo, H. S., Tanner, D. B., Richter, A. F., Angelopoulos, M., Huang, W. S., & MacDiarmid, A. G. (1987). Insulator-to-metal transition in polyaniline: Effect of protonation in emeraldine. Synthetic Metals, 21, 63-70. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(87)90067-1.
63. Fedorova, S., & Stejskal, J. (2002). Surface and precipitation polymerization of aniline. Langmuir, 18, 5630-5632. DOI: 10.1021/la025665o. (Pubitemid 35383472)
64. Ferrer-Anglada, N., Kaempgen, M., Skakalova, V., Dettlaf-Weglikowska, U., & Roth, S. (2004). Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotube-conducting polymer thin films. Diamond and Related Materials, 13, 256-260. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2003.10.026. (Pubitemid 38319346)
65. Foreman, J. P., & Monkman, A. P. (2003). Theoretical investigations into the structural and electronic influences on the hydrogen bonding in doped polyaniline. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 107, 7604-7610. DOI: 10.1021/jp030398w.
66. Furukawa, Y., Ueda, F., Hyodo, Y., Harada, I., Nakajima, T., & Kawagoe, T. (1988). Vibrational spectra and structure of polyaniline. Macromolecules, 21, 1297-1305. DOI: 10.1021/ma00183a020.
67. Gao, C. L., Ai, M., Li, X., & Xu, Z., (2011). Basic amino acid assisted-fabrication of rectangular nanotube, circular nanotube, and hollow microsphere of polyaniline: Adjusting and controlling effect of pH value. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 49, 2173-2182. DOI: 10.1002/pola.24647.
68. Germain, J., Frechet, J. M. J., & Svec, F. (2009). Nanoporous polymers for hydrogen storage. Small, 5, 1098-1111. DOI: 10.1002/smll.200801762.
69. Gospodinova, N., & Terlemezyan, L. (1998). Conducting polymers prepared by oxidative polymerization: polyaniline. Progress in Polymer Science, 23, 1443-1484. DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6700(98)00008-2. (Pubitemid 128676079)
70. Gu, D. W., Li, J. S., Liu, J. L., Cai, Y. M., & Shen, L. J. (2005). Polyaniline thin films in situ polymerized under very high pressure. Synthetic Metals, 150, 175-179. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.02.009 (Pubitemid 40556755)
71. Han, G. Y., Yuan, J. Y., Shi, G. Q., & Wei, F. (2005). Electrodeposition of polypyrrole/multiwalled carbon nanotube composite films. Thin Solid Films, 474, 64-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.08.011.
72. Han, J., Song, G., & Guo, R. (2006). A facile solution route for polymeric hollow spheres with controllable size. Advanced Materials, 18, 3140-3144. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200600282. (Pubitemid 46080207)
73. Halvorson, C., Cao, Y., Moses, D., & Heeger, A. J. (1993). Third order nonlinear optical susceptibility of polyaniline. Synthetic Metals, 57, 3941-3944. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(93)90538-8. (Pubitemid 23691124)
74. Hasik, M., Paluszkiewicz, C., & Wenda, E. (2002). Interaction between polyanilines and platinum(IV) ions: vibrational spectroscopic studies. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 29, 191-195. DOI: 10.1016/s0924-2031(01)00166-7. (Pubitemid 34660626)
75. Ho, K. S., Han, Y. K., Tuan, Y. T., Huang, Y. J., Wang, Y. Z., Ho, T. H., Hsieh, T. H., Lin, J. J., & Lin, S. C. (2009). Formation and degradation mechanism of a novel nanofibrous polyaniline. Synthetic Metals, 159, 1202-1209. DOI:10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.02.047.
76. Hopkins, A. R., Lipeles, R. A., & Hwang, S. J. (2008). Morphology characterization of polyaniline nano- and microstructures. Synthetic Metals, 158, 594-601. DOI: 10.1016/j. synthmet.2008.04.018.
77. Huang, Y. F., & Lin, C. W. (2009). Introduction of methanol in the formation of polyaniline nanotubes in an acid-free aqueous solution through a self-curling process. Polymer, 50, 775-782. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.12.016.
78. Huang, K., Meng, X. H., & Wan, M. X. (2006). Polyaniline hollow microspheres constructed with their own self-assembled nanofibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 100, 3050-3054. DOI: 10.1002/app.23704.
79. Huang, Z., Wang, P. C., Feng, J., MacDiarmid, A. G., Xia, Y., & Whitesides, G. M. (1997). Selective deposition of films of polypyrrole, polyaniline and nickel on hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterned surfaces and applications. Synthetic Metals, 85, 1375-1376. DOI: 10.1016/s0379- 6779(97)80279-2. (Pubitemid 127366284)
80. Hughes, M., Chen, G. Z., Shaffer, M. S. P., Fray, D. J., & Windle, A. H. (2002). Electrochemical capacitance of a nanoporous composite of carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole. Chemistry of Materials 14 1610-1613. DOI: 10.1021/ cm010744r.
81. Hugot-Le Goff, A., & Bernard, M. C. (1993). Protonation and oxidation processes in polyaniline thin films studied by optical multichannel analysis and in situ Raman spectroscopy. Synthetic Metals, 60, 115-131. DOI: 10.1016/0379- 6779(93)91230-y.
82. Huyen, D. N., Ky, T. V., & Thanh, L. H. (2009). In situ chemically polymerised polyaniline nanolayer: characterisation and sensing materials. Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 4, 203-212. DOI: 10.1080/17458080903236407.
83. Izumi, C. M. S., Constantino, V. R. L., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2005). Spectroscopic characterization of polyaniline formed by using copper(II) in homogeneous and MCM-41 molecular sieve media. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 109, 22131-22140. DOI: 10.1021/jp051630w. (Pubitemid 41796686)
84. Job, A. E., Herrmann, P. S. P., Jr., Vaz, D. O., & Mattoso, L. H. C. (2001). Comparison between different conditions of the chemical polymerization of polyaniline on top of PET films. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 79, 1220-1229. DOI: 10.1002/1097-4628(20010214)79:7<1220::AID-APP90>3.0. CO;2-3. (Pubitemid 32138438)
85. Josefowicz, J. Y., Avlyanov, J. K., & MacDiarmid, A. G. (2001). Complete alignment of polyaniline monolayers on muscovite mica: epitaxial effects of a lattice-matched substrate. Thin Solid Films, 393, 186-192. DOI: 10.1016/s0040- 6090(01)01067-7. (Pubitemid 32723461)
86. Kalbač, M., Kavan, L., & Dunsch, L. (2009). An in situ Raman spectroelectrochemical study of the controlled doping of semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes in a conducting polymer matrix. Synthetic Metals, 159, 2245-2248. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.07.059.
87. Kalendova, A., Vesely, D., Stejskal, J., & Trchova, M. (2008). Anticorrosion efficiency of inorganic coatings depending on the pigment volume concentration of polyaniline phosphate. Progress in Organic Coatings, 63, 209-221. DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2008.06.001.
88. Kang, E. T., Neoh, K. G., & Tan, K. L. (1998). Polyaniline: A polymer with many interesting intrinsic redox states. Progress in Polymer Science, 23, 277-324. DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6700(97)00030-0. (Pubitemid 128463909)
89. Karpakam, V., Kamaraj, K., Sathiyanarayanan, S., Venkatachari, G., & Ramu, S. (2011). Electrosynthesis of polyaniline- molybdate coating on steel and its corrosion protection performance. Electrochimica Acta, 56, 2165-2173. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.099.
90. Kellenberger, A., Dmitrieva, E., & Dunsch, L. (2011). The stabilization of charged states at phenazine-like units in polyaniline under p-doping: an in situ ATR-FTIR spectroelectrochemical study. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 13, 3411-3420. DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01264e.
91. Kim, B. R., Lee, H. K., Park, S. H., & Kim H. K. (2011). Electromagnetic interference shielding characteristics and shielding effectiveness of polyaniline-coated films. Thin Solid Films, 519, 3492-3496. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.093.
92. Kocherginsky, N. M., & Wang, Z. (2006). Redox reactions of polyaniline films doped with d, l-camphor sulfonic acid. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 66, 1384-1393. DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2006.04.002. (Pubitemid 44416326)
93. Konyushenko, E. N., Kazantseva, N. E., Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., Kovařova, J., Sapurina, I., Tomishko, M. M., Demicheva, O. V., & Prokeš, J. (2008). Ferromagnetic behaviour of polyaniline-coated multi-wall carbon nanotubes containing nickel nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320, 231-240. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.05.036. (Pubitemid 47625762)
94. Konyushenko, E. N., Stejskal, J., Šeděnkova, I., Trchova, M., Sapurina, I., Cieslar, M., & Prokeš, J. (2006a). Polyaniline nanotubes: conditions of formation. Polymer International, 55, 31-39. DOI: 10.1002/pi.1899. (Pubitemid 43072780)
95. Konyushenko, E. N., Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., Hradil, J., Kovařova, J., Prokeš, J., Cieslar, M., Hwang, J. Y., Chen, K. H., & Sapurina, I. (2006b). Multi-wall carbon nanotubes coated with polyaniline. Polymer, 47, 5715-5723. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.059. (Pubitemid 44041593)
96. Konyushenko, E. N., Trchova, M., Stejskal, J., & Sapurina, I. (2010). The role of acidity profile in the nanotubular growth of polyaniline. Chemical Papers, 64, 56-64. DOI: 10.2478/s11696-009-0101-z.
97. Křiž, J., Konyushenko, E. N., Trchova, M., & Stejskal, J. (2011). NMR investigation of aniline oligomers produced in the oxidation of aniline in alkaline medium. Polymer International, 60, 1296-1302. DOI: 10.1002/pi.3079.
98. Křiž, J., Starovoytova, L., Trchova, M., Konyushenko, E. N., & Stejskal, J. (2009). NMR Investigation of aniline oligomers produced in the early stages of oxidative polymerization of aniline. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 113, 6666-6673. DOI: 10.1021/jp9007834.
99. Kulkarni, S. B., Joshi, S. S., & Lokhande, C. D. (2011). Facile and efficient route for preparation of nanostructured polyaniline thin films: Schematic model for simplest oxidative chemical polymerization. Chemical Engineering Journal, 166, 1179-1185. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2010.12.032.
100. Kuzmany, H., & Sariciftci, N. S. (1987). In situ spectroelectrochemical studies of polyaniline. Synthetic Metals, 18, 353-358. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(87)90904-0.
101. Kuzmin, S. V., Saha, P., Sudar, N. T., Zakrevskii, V. A., Sapurina, I., Solosin, S., Trchova, M., & Stejskal, J. (2008). Electrical strength of thin polyaniline films. Thin Solid Films, 516, 2181-2187. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2007. 07.138. (Pubitemid 351174199)
102. Langer, J. J., & Golczak, S. (2007). Highly carbonized polyaniline micro- and nanotubes. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 92, 330-334. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.07. 018. (Pubitemid 46204833)
103. Laslau, C., Zujovic, Z., & Travas-Sejdic, J. (2010). Theories of polyaniline nanostructure self-assembly: Towards and expanded, comprehensive Multi-Layer Theory (MLT). Progress in Polymer Science, 35, 1403-1419. DOI: 10.1016/j. progpolymsci.2010.08.002.
104. Laslau, C., Zujovic, Z. D., Zhang, L. J., Bowmaker, G. A., & Travas-Sejdic, J. (2009). Morphological evolution of selfassembled polyaniline nanostructures obtained by pH-stat chemical oxidation. Chemistry of Materials, 21, 954-962. DOI: 10.1021/cm803447a.
105. Lefrant, S., & Bullot, J. (1993). Optical spectroscopy of conducting polymers: Experimental methods. Materials Science Forum, 122, 25-40. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.122.25.
106. Lei, Z. B., Zhao, M. Y., Dang, L. Q., An, L. Z., Lu, M., Lo, A. Y., Yu, N. Y., & Liu, S. B. (2009). Structural evolution and electrocatalytic application of nitrogen-doped carbon shells synthesized by pyrolysis of near-monodisperse polyaniline nanospheres. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 19, 5985-5995. DOI: 10.1039/b908223a.
107. Lenhart, N., Crowley, K., Killard, A. J., Smyth, M. R., & Morrin, A. (2011). Inkjet printable polyaniline-gold dispersions. Thin Solid Films, 519, 4351-4356. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2011. 02.045.
108. Lepro, X., Terres, E., Vega-Cantu, Y., Rodriguez-Macias, F. J., Muramatsu, H., Kim, Y. A., Hayashi, T., Endo, M., Torres, M. R., & Terrones, M. (2008). Efficient anchorage of Pt clusters on N-doped carbon nanotubes and their catalytic activity. Chemical Physics Letters, 463, 124-129. DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.08.001.
109. Li, W. G., Jia, Q. X., & Wang, H. L. (2006a) Facile synthesis of metal nanoparticles using conducting polymer colloids. Polymer, 47, 23-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.11.032. (Pubitemid 41817451)
110. Li, D., & Kaner, R. B. (2005). Processable stabilizer-free polyaniline nanofiber aqueous colloids. Chemical Communications, 2005, 3286-3288. DOI: 10.1039/b504020e. (Pubitemid 41018852)
111. Li, L. M., Liu, E. H., Li, J., Yang, Y. J., Shen, H. J., Huang, Z. Z., Xiang, X. X., & Li, W. (2010). A doped activated carbon prepared from polyaniline for high performance supercapacitors. Journal of Power Sources, 195, 1516-1521. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.09.016.
112. Li, J. S., Shen, L. J., Gu, D. W., Yuan, P. F., Cui, X. B., & Yang, N. R. (2006b). Optimum conditions for the preparation of polyaniline films under very high pressure. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 66, 1319-1326. DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2006.03.014. (Pubitemid 44416321)
113. Li, G. C., Zhang, C. Q., & Peng, H. R. (2008). Facile synthesis of self-assembled polyaniline nanodisks. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 29, 63-67. DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700584.
114. Lindfors, T., & Ivaska, A. (2005) Raman based pH measurements with polyaniline. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 580, 320-329. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.03.042. (Pubitemid 41536888)
115. Lin-Vien, D., Colthup, N. B., Fateley, W. G., & Grasselli, J. G. (1991). The handbook of infrared and Raman characteristic frequencies of organic molecules. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press.
116. Liu, C. J., Hayashi, K., & Toko, K. (2009). A novel formation process of polyaniline micro-/nanofiber network on solid substrates. Synthetic Metals, 159, 1077-1081. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.01.029.
117. Liu, C. J., Hayashi, K., & Toko, K. (2011). Template-free deposition of polyaniline nanostructures on solid substrates with horizontal orientation. Macromolecules, 44, 2212-2219. DOI: 10.1021/ma1023878.
118. Liu, P., & Zhang, L. (2009). Hollow nanostructured polyaniline: Preparation, properties and applications. Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Science, 34, 75-87. DOI: 10.1080/10408430902875968.
119. Louarn, G., Lapkowski, M., Quillard, S., Pron, A., Buisson, J. P., & Lefrant, S. (1996). Vibrational properties of polyaniline-isotope effects. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 100, 6998-7006. DOI: 10.1021/jp953387e. (Pubitemid 126789911)
120. Lu, Y., Ren, Y., Wang, L., Wang, X. D., & Li, C. X. (2009). Template synthesis of conducting polyaniline composites based on honeycomb ordered polycarbonate film. Polymer, 50, 2035-2039. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.02.026.
121. Lu, X. F., Zhang, W. J., Wang, C., Wen, T. C., & Wei, Y. (2011). One-dimensional conducting polymer nanocomposites: Synthesis, properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 36, 671-712. DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.010.
122. MacDiarmid, A. G. (1997). Polyaniline and polypyrrole: Where are we headed? Synthetic Metals, 84, 27-34. DOI: 10.1016/ s0379-6779(97)80658-3. (Pubitemid 127401281)
123. MacDiarmid, A. G., Yang, L. S., Huang, W. S., & Humphrey, B. D. (1987). Polyaniline: Electrochemistry and application to rechargeable batteries. Synthetic Metals, 18, 393-398. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(87)90911-8.
124. Mack, N. H., Bailey, J. A., Doorn, S. K., Chen, C. A., Gau, H. M., Xu, P., Williams, D. J., Akhadov, E. A., & Wang, H. L. (2011). Mechanistic study of silver nanoparticles formation on conducting polymer surface. Langmuir, 27, 4979-4984. DOI: 10.1021/la103644j.
125. Maeda, S., Cairns, D. B., & Armes, S. P. (1997). New reactive polyelectrolyte stabilizers for polyaniline colloids. European Polymer Journal, 33, 245-253. DOI: 10.1016/s0014- 3057(96)00164-4. (Pubitemid 127442571)
126. Maiyalagan, T., Viswanathan, B., & Varadaraju, U. V. (2005). Nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes as supports for Pt - Alternate anodes for fuel cell applications. Electrochemistry Communications, 7, 905-912. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005. 07.007. (Pubitemid 41164077)
127. Makeiff, D. A., & Huber, T. (2006). Microwave absorption by polyaniline-carbon nanotube composites. Synthetic Metals, 156, 497-505. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.05.019. (Pubitemid 44304457)
128. Malinauskas, A. (2001). Chemical deposition of conducting polymers. Polymer, 42, 3957-3972. DOI: 10.1016/S0032- 3861(00)00800-4. (Pubitemid 32167547)
129. Matveeva, E. S., Diaz Calleja, R., & Parkhutik, V. (1998). Equivalent circuit analysis of the electrical properties of conducting polymers: Electrical relaxation mechanisms in polyaniline under dry and wet conditions. Journal of Non- Crystalline Solids, 235-237, 772-780. DOI: 10.1016/s0022- 3093(98)00628-0. (Pubitemid 128408259)
130. Mascaro, L. H., & Gonçalves, D. (2007). Precipitation and surface polymerizations of aniline at different aniline:oxidizer molar ratios. E-Polymers, no. 071.
131. Mažeikiene, R., & Malinauskas, A. (2000). Deposition of polyaniline on glass and platinum by autocatalytic oxidation of aniline with dichromate. Synthetic Metals, 108, 9-14. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779(99)00172-1. (Pubitemid 30530266)
132. Mažeikiene, R., Niaura, G., & Malinauskas, A. (2005). In situ Raman spectroelectrochemical study of electrocatalytic processes at polyaniline modified electrodes: Redox vs. metal-like catalysis. Electrochemistry Communications, 7, 1021-1026. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.06.010. (Pubitemid 41360162)
133. Mažeikiene, R., Statino, A., Kuodis, Z., Niaura, G., & Malinauskas, A. (2006). In situ Raman spectroelectrochemical study of self-doped polyaniline degradation kinetics. Electrochemistry Communications, 8, 1082-1086. DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.04.017. (Pubitemid 43975461)
134. Mazur, M., & Krysinski, P. (2001). Polymer sandwiches: polyaniline films deposited on thiol-coated gold by chemical in situ method. Thin Solid Films, 396, 131-137. DOI: 10.1016/s0040-6090(01)01258-5 (Pubitemid 32975625)
135. Mazur, M., Michota-Kaminska, A., & Bukowska, J. (2007). Surface-catalyzed growth of poly(2-methoxyaniline) on gold. Electrochimica Acta, 52, 5669-5676. DOI: 10.1016/j. electacta.2006.10.043. (Pubitemid 46602196)
136. Menshikova, I. P., Pyshkina, O. A., Levon, K., & Sergeyev, V. G. (2009). Effect of polyaniline particle size on the properties of a polyaniline-nylon 6 composite. Colloid Journal, 71, 233-238. DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x09020124.
137. Mentus, S., Ćiric̀-Marjanovic̀, G., Trchova, M., & Stejskal, J. (2009). Conducting carbonized polyaniline nanotubes. Nanotechnology, 20, 245601. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/24/ 245601.
138. Michel, M., Bour, J., Petersen, J., Arnoult, C., Ettingshausen F., Roth, C., & Ruch, D. (2010). Atmospheric plasma deposition: A new pathway in the design of conducting polymerbased anodes for hydrogen fuel cells. Fuel Cells, 10, 932-937. DOI: 10.1002/fuce.201000050.
139. Monkman, A. P., & Adams, P. (1991). Structural characterization of polyaniline free standing films. Synthetic Metals, 41, 891-896. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(91)91520-k. (Pubitemid 21696739)
140. Nasybulin, E., Menshikova, I., Sergeyev, V., & Levon, K. (2009). Preparation of conductive polyaniline/nylon 6 composite films by polymerization of aniline in nylon-6 matrix. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 114, 1643-1647. DOI: 10.1002/app.30771.
141. Niaura, G., Mažeikiene, R., & Malinauskas, A. (2004). Structural changes in conducting form of polyaniline upon ring sulfonation as deduced by near infrared resonance Raman spectroscopy. Synthetic Metals, 145, 105-112. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2004.04.010.
142. Niemann, M. U., Srinivasan, S. S., Phani, A. R., Kumar, A., Goswami, D. Y., & Stefanakos, E. K. (2009). Room temperature reversible hydrogen storage in polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 9, 4561-4565. DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.1279.
143. Pereira da Silva, J. E., Cordoba de Torresi, S. I., de Faria, D. L. A., & Temperini, M. L. A. (1999). Raman characterization of polyaniline induced conformational changes. Synthetic Metals, 101, 834-835. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779(98)01300-9.
144. Pereira da Silva, J. E., Cordoba de Torresi, S. I., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2000a) Redox behavior of crosslinked polyaniline films. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 11, 91-94. DOI: 10.1590/s0103-50532000000100016.
145. Pereira da Silva, J. E., de Faria, D. L. A, Cordoba de Torresi, S. I., & Temperini, M. L. A. (2000b). Influence of thermal treatment on doped polyaniline studied by resonance Raman spectroscopy. Macromolecules, 33, 3077-3083. DOI: 10.1021/ma990801q.
146. Philip, B. J., Xie, J. N., Abraham, J. K., & Varadan, V. K. (2004). A new synthetic route to enhance polyaniline assembly on carbon nanotubes in tubular composites. Smart Materials and Structures, 13, N105-N108. DOI: 10.1088/0964- 1726/13/6/n02.
147. Ping, Z. (1996). In situ FTIR-attenuated total reflection spectroscopic investigations on the base-acid transitions of polyaniline. Base-acid transition in the emeraldine form of polyaniline. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, 92, 3063-3067. DOI: 10.1039/ft9969203063. (Pubitemid 126808493)
148. Ping, Z., Nauer, G. E., Neugebauer, H., Theiner, J., & Neckel, A. (1997). In situ Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopic investigations on the base-acid transitions of leucoemeraldine. Electrochimica Acta, 42, 1693-1700. DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(96) 00368-4. (Pubitemid 127380916)
149. Prasanna, G. D., Jayanna H. S., & Prasad, V. (2011). Preparation, structural, and electrical studies of polyaniline/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 120, 2856-2862. DOI: 10.1002/app.33304.
150. Prokeš, J., Křivka, I., Tobolkova, E., & Stejskal, J. (2000). Enhanced stability of polyaniline/inorganic salt composites during temperature cycling. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 68, 261-269. DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00009-4. (Pubitemid 30594091)
151. Prokeš, J., & Stejskal, J. (2004). Polyaniline prepared in the presence of various acids: 2. Thermal stability of conductivity. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 86, 187-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.04. 012.
152. Quadrat, O., & Stejskal, J. (2006). Polyaniline in electrorheology. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 12, 352-361. (Pubitemid 43836269)
153. Quillard, S., Louarn, G., Berrada, K., Lefrant, S., Coplin, K. A., Jessen, S. W., & Epstein, A. J. (1995). Resonance Raman scattering and photoinduced infrared absorption in different forms of polyanilines and substituted polyanilines. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Science and Technology Section B: Nonlinear Optics, 10, 253-262.
154. Quillard, S., Louarn, G., Buisson, J. P., Boyer, M., Lapkowski, M., Pron, A., & Lefrant, S. (1997). Vibrational spectroscopic studies of the isotope effects in polyaniline. Synthetic Metals, 84, 805-806. DOI: 10.1016/s0379- 6779(96)04155-0. (Pubitemid 127401608)
155. Quillard, S., Louarn, G., Lefrant, S., & MacDiarmid, A. G. (1994) Vibrational analysis of polyaniline: A comparative study of leucoemeraldine, emeraldine, and ernigraniline bases. Physical Review B, 50, 12496-12508. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.50.12496.
156. Rannou, P., & Nechtschein, M. (1997). Aging studies on polyaniline: conductivity and thermal stability. Synthetic Metals, 84, 755-756. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779(96)04131-8. (Pubitemid 127401584)
157. Riede, A., Helmstedt, M., Riede, V., Zemek, J., & Stejskal, J. (2000). In situ polymerized polyaniline films. 2. Dispersion polymerization of aniline in the presence of colloidal silica. Langmuir, 16, 6240-6244. DOI: 10.1021/la991414c.
158. Riede, A., Helmstedt, M., Sapurina, I., & Stejskal, J. (2002). In situ polymerized polyaniline films: 4. Film formation in dispersion polymerization of aniline. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 248, 413-418. DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2001.8197. (Pubitemid 34969348)
159. Rozlivkova, Z., Trchova, M., Exnerova, M., & Stejskal, J. (2011a). The carbonization of granular polyaniline to produce nitrogen-containing carbon. Synthetic Metals, 161, 1122-1129. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.03.034.
160. Rozlivkova, Z., Trchova, M., Šeděnkova, I., Špirkova, M., & Stejskal, J. (2011b). Structure and stability of thin polyaniline films deposited in situ on silicon and gold during precipitation and dispersion polymerization of aniline hydrochloride. Thin Solid Films, 519, 5933-5941. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.03.025.
161. Saini, P., Choudhary, V., Singh, B. P., Mathur, R. B., & Dhawan, S. K. (2009). Polyaniline-MWCNT nanocomposites for microwave absorption and EMI shielding. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 113, 919-926. DOI: 10.1016/j. matchemphys.2008.08.065.
162. Sajanlal, P. R., Sreeprasad, T. S., Nair, A. S., & Pradeep, T. (2008). Wires, plates, flowers, needles, and core-shells: Diverse nanostructures of gold using polyaniline templates. Langmuir, 24, 4607-4614. DOI: 10.1021/la703593c. (Pubitemid 351725139)
163. Salvatierra, R. V., Oliveira, M. M., & Zarbin, A. J. G. (2010). One-pot synthesis and processing of transparent, conducting, and free-standing carbon nanotubes/polyaniline composite films. Chemistry of Materials, 22, 5222-5234. DOI: 10.1021/cm1012153.
164. Sapurina, I. Yu., Kompan, M. E., Malyshkin, V. V., Rosanova, V. V., & Stejskal, J. (2009). Properties of proton-conducting Nafion-type membranes with nanometer-thick polyaniline surface layers. Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, 45, 697-706. DOI: 10.1134/s1023193509060123.
165. Sapurina, I. Yu., Kompan, M. E., Zabrodskii, A. G., Stejskal, J., & Trchova, M. (2007) Nanocomposites with a mixed electronic and protonic conduction for electrocatalysis. Russian Journal of Electrochemistry, 43, 528-536. DOI: 10.1134/s1023193507050059. (Pubitemid 46873372)
166. Sapurina, I., Osadchev, A. Yu., Volchek, B. Z., Trchova, M., Riede, A., & Stejskal, J. (2002). In-situ polymerized polyaniline films 5. Brush-like chain ordering. Synthetic Metals, 129, 29-37. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779(02)00036- x. (Pubitemid 34710153)
167. Sapurina, I., Riede, A., & Stejskal, J. (2001). In-situ polymerized polyaniline films 3. Film formation. Synthetic Metals, 123, 503-507. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779(01)00349-6. (Pubitemid 32943444)
168. Sapurina, I., & Stejskal, J. (2008). The mechanism of the oxidative polymerization of aniline and the formation of supramolecular polyaniline structures. Polymer International, 57, 1295-1325. DOI: 10.1001/pi.2476.
169. Sapurina, I., & Stejskal, J. (2009). Ternary composites of multi-wall carbon nanotubes, polyaniline, and noble-metal nanoparticles for potential applications in electrocatalysis. Chemical Papers, 63, 579-585. DOI: 10.2478/s11696-009- 0061-3.
170. Sapurina, I. Yu., & Stejskal, J. (2011). The effect of pH on the oxidative polymerization of aniline and the morphology and properties of products. Russian Chemical Reviews, 79, 1123-1143. DOI: 10.1070/ rc2010v079n12abeh004140.
171. Schnippering, M., Powell, H. V., Mackenzie, S. R., & Unwin, P. R. (2009). Real-time monitoring of polyaniline nanoparticle formation on surfaces. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113, 20221-20227. DOI: 10.1021/jp906771c.
172. Šeděnkova, I., Prokeš, J., Trchova, M., & Stejskal, J. (2008a). Conformational transition in polyaniline films - Spectroscopic and conductivity studies of ageing. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 93, 428-435. DOI: 10.1016/j. polymdegradstab.2007.11.015.
173. Šeděnkova, I., Trchova, M., Blinova, N. V., & Stejskal, J. (2006). In-situ polymerized polyaniline films. Preparation in solutions of hydrochloric, sulfuric, or phosphoric acid. Thin Solid Films, 515, 1640-1646. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.05.038. (Pubitemid 44716098)
174. Šeděnkova, I., Trchova, M., & Stejskal, J. (2008b). Thermal degradation of polyaniline films prepared in solutions of strong and weak acids and in water - FTIR and Raman spectroscopic studies. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 93, 2147-2157. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008. 08.007.
175. Šeděnkova, I., Trchova, M., Stejskal, J., & Bok, J. (2007). Polymerization of aniline in the solutions of strong and weak acids: the evolution of infrared spectra and their interpretation using factor analysis. Applied Spectroscopy, 61, 1153-1162. DOI: 10.1366/000370207782597058. (Pubitemid 350096636)
176. Šeděnkova, I., Trchova, M., Stejskal, J., & Prokeš, J. (2009). Solid-state reduction of silver nitrate with polyaniline base leading to conducting materials. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 1, 1906-1912. DOI: 10.1021/am900320t.
177. Shao, Y. Y., Sui, J. H., Yin, G. P., & Gao, Y. Z. (2008). Nitrogen-doped carbon nanostructures and their composites as catalytic materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 79, 89-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2007.09.047.
178. Shenashen, M. A., Ayad, M. M., Salahuddin, N., & Youssif, M. A. (2010). Usage of quartz crystal microbalance technique to study the polyaniline films formation in the presence of pphenylenediamine. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 70, 843-848. DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2010.07.005.
179. Shishkanova, T. V., Matějka, P., Kral, V., Šedě nkova, I., Trchova, M., & Stejskal, J. (2008). Optimization of the thickness of a conducting polymer, polyaniline, deposited on the surface of poly(vinyl chloride) membranes: a new way to improve potentiometric response. Analytica Chimica Acta, 624, 238-246. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.07.001.
180. Shishkanova, T. V., Sapurina, I., Stejskal, J., Kral, V., & Volf, R. (2005). Ion-selective electrodes: polyaniline modification and anion recognition. Analytica Chimica Acta, 553, 160-168. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.08. 018. (Pubitemid 41503515)
181. Soto-Oviedo, M. A., Araujo, O. A., Faez, R., Rezende, M. C., & De Paoli, M. A. (2006). Antistatic coating andelectromagnetic shielding properties of a hybrid material based on polyaniline/organoclay nanocomposite and EPDM rubber. Synthetic Metals, 156, 1249-1255. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2006.09.003. (Pubitemid 44752013)
182. Socrates, G. (2001). Infrared and Raman characteristic group frequencies. New York, NY, USA: Wiley.
183. 2 doped polyaniline composites for hydrogen gas sensing. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 6343-6355. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.01.141.
184. Stejskal, J. (2001). Colloidal dispersions of conducting polymers. Journal of Polymer Materials, 18, 225-258. (Pubitemid 32970404)
185. Stejskal, J. (2002). Conducting polymer nanospheres and nanocomposites. In R. Arshady, & A. Guyot (Eds.), Dendrimers, assemblies, nanocomposites (MML Series, Vol. 5, pp. 195-281). London, UK: Citus Books.
186. Stejskal, J., Bogomolova, O. E., Blinova, N. V., Trchova, M., Šeděnkova, I., Prokeš, J., & Sapurina, I. (2009a). Mixed electron and proton conductivity of polyaniline films in aqueous solutions of acids: Beyond 1000 S cm?1 limit. Polymer International, 58, 872-879. DOI: 10.1002/pi.2605.
187. Stejskal, J., & Gilbert, R. G. (2002). Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74, 857-867. DOI: 10.1351/pac200274050857.
188. Stejskal, J., Hlavata, D., Holler, P., Trchova, M., Prokeš, J., & Sapurina, I. (2004). Polyaniline prepared in the presence of various acids: a conductivity study. Polymer International, 53, 294-300. DOI: 10.1002/pi.1406. (Pubitemid 38265697)
189. Stejskal, J., Kratochvil, P., & Jenkins, A. D. (1995). Polyaniline forms and formation. Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications, 60, 1747-1755. DOI: 10.1135/cccc19951747. (Pubitemid 126009220)
190. Stejskal, J., Kratochvil, P., & Jenkins, A. D. (1996). The formation of polyaniline and the nature of its structures. Polymer, 37, 367-369. DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(96)81113-x. (Pubitemid 126399735)
191. Stejskal, J., Kratochvil, P., & Radhakrishnan, N. (1993). Polyaniline dispersions 2. UV-Vis absorption spectra. Synthetic Metals, 61, 225-231. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(93)91266- 5.
192. Stejskal, J., Prokeš, J., & Sapurina, I. (2009b). The reduction of silver ions with polyaniline: The effect of the type of polyanilineand the mole ratio of the reagents. Materials Letters, 63, 709-711. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2008.12.026.
193. Stejskal, J., & Sapurina, I. (2004). On the origin of colloidal particles in the dispersion polymerization of aniline. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 274, 489-495. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.053. (Pubitemid 38610318)
194. Stejskal, J., & Sapurina, I. (2005). Polyaniline: Thin films and colloidal dispersions (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 77, 815-826. DOI: 10.1351/pac200577050 815. (Pubitemid 40937729)
195. Stejskal, J., & Sapurina, I. (2008). Polyaniline - A conducting polymer. In U. Schubert, N. Hüsing, & R. Laine (Eds.), Materials syntheses: A practical guide (pp 199-207). Vienna, Austria: Springer.
196. Stejskal, J., Sapurina, I., Prokeš, J., & Zemek, J. (1999a). In-situ polymerized polyaniline films. Synthetic Metals, 105, 195-202. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779(99)00105-8.
197. Stejskal, J., Sapurina, I., & Trchova, M. (2010a). Polyaniline nanostructures and the role of aniline oligomers in their formation. Progress in Polymer Science, 35, 1420-1481. DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.006.
198. Stejskal, J., Sapurina, I., Trchova, M., & Konyushenko, E. N. (2008a). Oxidation of aniline: Polyaniline granules, nanotubes, and oligoaniline microspheres. Macromolecules, 41, 3530-3536. DOI: 10.1021/ma702601q.
199. Stejskal, J., Sapurina, I., Trchova, M., Konyushenko, E. N., & Holler, P. (2006a). The genesis of polyaniline nanotubes. Polymer, 47, 8253-8262. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.10. 007. (Pubitemid 44708248)
200. Stejskal, J., Špirkova, M., Riede, A., Helmstedt, M., Mokreva, P., & Prokeš, J. (1999b). Polyaniline dispersions 8. The control of particle morphology. Polymer, 40, 2487-2492. DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00478-9.
201. Stejskal, J., & Trchova, M. (2012). Aniline oligomers versus polyaniline. Polymer International, 61, 240-251. DOI: 10.1002/pi.3179.
202. Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., Brodinova, J., Kalenda, P., Fedorova, S. V., Prokeš, J., & Zemek, J. (2006b). Coating of zinc ferrite particles with a conducting polymer, polyaniline. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 298, 87-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.12.034.
203. Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., Brodinova, J., & Sapurina, I. (2007). Flame retardancy afforded by polyaniline deposited on wood. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 103, 24-30. DOI: 10.1002/app.23873. (Pubitemid 44832199)
204. Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., Brožova, L., & Prokeš, J. (2009c). Reduction of silver nitrate by polyaniline nanotubes to produce silver-polyaniline composites. Chemical Papers, 63, 77-83. DOI: 10.2478/s11696-008-0086-z.
205. Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., Fedorova, S., Sapurina, I., & Zemek, J. (2003). Surface polymerization of aniline on silica gel. Langmuir, 19, 3013-3018. DOI: 10.1021/la026672f.
206. Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., Hromadkova, J., Kovařova, J., & Kalendova, A. (2010b). The carbonization of colloidal polyaniline nanoparticles to nitrogen-containing carbon analogues. Polymer International, 59, 875-878. DOI: 10.1002/pi.2858.
207. Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., Kovařova, J., Brožova, L., & Prokeš, J. (2009d). The reduction of silver nitrate with various polyaniline salts to polyaniline-silver composites. Reactive & Functional Polymers, 69, 86-90. DOI: 10.1016/j. reactfunctpolym.2008.11.004.
208. Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., Kovařova, J., Prokeš, J., & Omastova, M. (2008b). Polyaniline-coated cellulose fibers decorated with silver nanoparticles. Chemical Papers, 62, 181-186. DOI: 10.2478/s11696-008-0009-z.
209. Stejskal, J., Trchova, M., & Sapurina, I. (2005). Flameretardant effect of polyaniline coating deposited on cellulose fibers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 98, 2347-2354. DOI: 10.1002/app.22144. (Pubitemid 43080835)
210. Strong, V., Wang, Y., Patatanyan, A., Whitten, P. G., Spinks, G. M., Wallace, G. G., & Kaner, R. B. (2011). Direct submicrometer patterning of nanostructured conducting polymer films via a low-energy infrared laser. Nano Letters, 11, 3128-3135. DOI: 10.1021/nl2011593.
211. Sun, L. J., Liu, X. X., Lau, K. K. T., Chen, L., & Gu, W. M. (2008). Electrodeposited hybrid films of polyaniline and manganese oxide in nanofibrous structures for electrochemical supercapacitor. Electrochimica Acta, 53, 3036-3042. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.11.034.
212. 2 . Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131, 12528-12529. DOI: 10.1021/ja905014e.
213. Surwade, S. P., Dua, V., Manohar, N., Manohar, S. K., Beck, E., & Ferrari, J. P. (2009b). Oligoaniline intermediates in the aniline- peroxydisulfate system. Synthetic Metals, 159, 445-455. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.11.002.
214. Surwade, S. P., Manohar, N., & Manohar, S. K. (2009c). Origin of bulk nanoscale morphology in conducting polymers. Macromolecules, 42, 1792-1795. DOI: 10.1021/ma900141g.
215. Sutar, D. S., Padma, N., Aswal, D. K., Deshpande, S. K., Gupta, S. K., & Yakhmi, J. V. (2007). Growth of highly oriented crystalline polyaniline films by self-organization. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 313, 353-358. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.04.051. (Pubitemid 47042797)
216. Sutar, D. S., Tewari, R., Dey, G. K., Gupta, S. K., & Yakhmi, J. V. (2009). Morphology and structure of highly crystallinepolyaniline films. Synthetic Metals, 159, 1067-1071. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.01.030.
217. Tagowska, M., Pałys, B., & Jackowska, K. (2004). Polyaniline nanotubules-anion effect on conformation and oxidation state of polyaniline studied by Raman spectroscopy. Synthetic Metals, 142, 223-229. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2003. 09.001.
218. Tai, Q. D., Chen, B. L., Guo, F., Xu, S., Hu, H., Sebo, B., & Zhao, X. Z. (2011). In situ prepared transparent polyaniline electrode and its application in bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS Nano, 5, 3795-3799. DOI: 10.1021/nn200133g.
219. Tan, F. R., Qu, S. C., Wu, J., Wang, Z. J., Jin, L., Bi, Y., Cao, J., Liu, K., Zhang, J. M., & Wang, Z. G. (2011). Electrodeposited polyaniline films decorated with nano-islands: Characterization and application as anode buffer layers in solar cells. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95, 440-445. DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.08.028.
220. Tang, J. S., Jing, X. B., Wang, B. C., & Wang, F. S. (1988). Infrared spectra of soluble polyaniline. Synthetic Metals, 24, 231-238. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(88)90261-5. (Pubitemid 18608482)
221. Tao, X. Y., Wang, X., Wie, Q., & Wu, Q. Y. (2007). Rapid formation of nanosized polyaniline membranes on surface modified glass substrates. Journal of Macromolecular Science A: Pure and Applied Chemistry, 44, 351-354. DOI: 10.1080/10601320601077575. (Pubitemid 44927194)
222. Tian, Z. Q. (2005). Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: advancements and applications. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 36, 466-470. DOI: 10.1002/jrs.1378. (Pubitemid 41040407)
223. Tockary, T. A., Asijati, W. E., & Soebianto, Y. S. (2008). Model of in situ polyaniline film coating on mylar: Influence of aniline polymerization parameters. Journal of Applied Sciences, 8, 2041-2049. DOI: 10.3923/jas.2008. 2041.2049.
224. Tran, H. D., D'Arcy, J. M., Wang, Y., Beltramo, P. J., Strong, V. A., & Kaner, R. B. (2011). The oxidation of aniline to produce "polyaniline": a process yielding many different nanoscale structures. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 3534-3550. DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02699a.
225. Tran, H. D., Li, D., & Kaner, R. B. (2009). One-dimensional conducting polymer nanostructures: Bulk synthesis and applications. Advanced Materials, 21, 1487-1499. DOI: 10.1002 /adma.200802289.
226. Travain, S. A., de Souza, N. C., Balogh, D. T., & Giacometti, J. A. (2007). Study of the growth process of in situ polyaniline deposited films. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 316, 292-297. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.08.024. (Pubitemid 350047498)
227. Travers, J. P., Sixou, B., Berner, D., Wolter, A., Rannou, P., Beau, B., Pepin-Donat, B., Barthet, C., Guglielmi, M., Mermilliod, N., Gilles, B., Djurado, D., Attias, A. J., & Vautrin, M. (1999). Is granularity the determining feature for electron transport in conducting polymers? Synthetic Metals, 101, 359-362. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779(98)00354-3.
228. Trchova, M., Konyushenko, E. N., Stejskal, J., Kovařova, J., & Ćiric̀-Marjanovic̀, G. (2009). The conversion of polyaniline nanotubes to nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes and their comparison with multi-wall carbon nanotubes. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 94, 929-938. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.03.001.
229. Trchova, M., Matějka, P., Brodinova, J., Kalendova, A., Prokeš, J., & Stejskal, J. (2006a). Structural and conductivity changes during the pyrolysis of polyaniline base. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91, 114-121. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.04.022. (Pubitemid 41455148)
230. Trchova, M., Sapurina, I., Prokeš, J., & Stejskal, J. (2003). FTIR spectroscopy of ordered polyaniline films. Synthetic Metals, 135, 305-306. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779(02)00570-2. (Pubitemid 41055614)
231. Trchova, M., Šeděnkova, I., Konyushenko, E. N., Stejskal, J., Holler, P., & Ćiric̀-Marjanovic̀ G. (2006b). Evolution of polyaniline nanotubes: The oxidation of aniline in water. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110, 9461-9468. DOI: 10.1021/jp057528g. (Pubitemid 43952969)
232. Trchova, M., Šeděnkova, I., & Stejskal, J. (2005). In-situ polymerized polyaniline films 6. FTIR spectroscopic study of aniline polymerization. Synthetic Metals, 154, 1-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.001. (Pubitemid 41278074)
233. Trchova, M., Šeděnkova, I., Tobolkova, E., & Stejskal, J. (2004). FTIR spectroscopic and conductivity study of the thermal degradation of polyaniline films. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 86, 179-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004. 04.011.
234. Trchova, M., & Stejskal, J. (2011). Polyaniline: The infrared spectroscopy of conducting polymer nanotubes (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 83, 1803-1817. DOI: 10.1351/pac-rep-10-02-01.
235. Trivedi, D. C. (1997). Polyanilines. In H. S. Nalwa (Ed.), Handbook of organic conductive molecules and polymers (Vol. 2, pp. 505-572). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
236. Trivedi, D. C., & Dhawan, S. K. (1993). Shielding of electromagnetic interference using polyaniline. Synthetic Metals, 59, 267-272. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(93)91036-2.
237. Tseng, R. J., Baker, C. O., Shedd, B., Huang, J. X., Kaner R. B., Ouyang, J. Y., & Yang, Y. (2007). Charge transfer effect in the polyaniline-gold nanoparticle memory system. Applied Physics Letters, 90(5), 053101. DOI: 10.1063/1.2434167.
238. Venancio, E. C., Wang, P. C., & MacDiarmid, A. G. (2006). The azanes: A class of material incorporating nano/micro self-assembled hollow spheres obtained by aqueous oxidative polymerization of aniline. Synthetic Metals, 156, 357-369. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.08.035. (Pubitemid 43675673)
239. Venancio, E. C., Wang, P. C., Toledo, O. Y., & MacDiarmid, A. G. (2007). First preparation of optical quality films of nano/micro hollow spheres of polymers of aniline. Synthetic Metals, 157, 758-763. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2007.08.006. (Pubitemid 350052470)
240. Wallace, G. G., Spinks, G. M., Kane-Maguire, L. A. P., & Teasdale, P. R. (2003). Conductive electroactive polymers: Intelligent materials systems (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press.
241. Wan, M. X. (2009). Some issues related to polyaniline micro- /nanostructures. Macromolecular Rapid Communication, 30, 963-975. DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800817.
242. Wang, C. H., Chen, C. C., Hsu, H. C., Du, H. Y., Chen, C. P., Hwang, J. Y., Chen, L. C., Shih, H. C., Stejskal, J., & Chen, K. H. (2009). Low methanol-permeable polyaniline/Nafion composite membrane for direct methanol fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 190, 279-284. DOI: 10.1016/j.powsour.2008. 12.125.
243. Wang, P. C., Huang, Z., & MacDiarmid, A. G. (1999). Critical dependency of conductivity of polypyrrole and polyaniline films on the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the substratesurface. Synthetic Metals, 101, 852-853. DOI: 10.1016/s0379- 6779(98)01329-0.
244. Wang, H. L., MacDiarmid, A. G., Wang, Y. Z., Gebier, D. D., & Epstein, A. J. (1996). Application of polyaniline (emeraldinebase, EB) in polymer light-emitting devices. Synthetic Metals, 78, 33-37. DOI: 10.1016/0379-6779(95)03569-6. (Pubitemid 126386131)
245. Washburn, E. W. (Ed.) (1929). International critical tables of numerical data: Physics, chemistry and technology (Vol. 6, pp. 241). London, UK: McGraw-Hill.
246. Wei, Z. X., Wan, M. X., Lin, T., & Dai, L. M. (2003). Polyaniline nanotubes doped with sulfonated carbon nanotubes made via a self-assembly process. Advanced Materials, 15, 136-139. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200390027.
247. Willner, I., Willner, B., & Katz, E. (2007). Biomolecule- nanoparticle hybrid systems for bioelectronic applications. Bioelectrochemistry, 70, 2-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem. 2006.03.013. (Pubitemid 44960193)
248. Wu, C. G., Hsiao, H. T., & Yeh, Y. R. (2001a). Electroless surface polymerization of polyaniline films on aniline primed ITO electrodes: a simple method to fabricate good modified anodes for polymeric light emitting diodes. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 11, 2287-2292. DOI: 10.1039/b102084f. (Pubitemid 32850969)
249. Wu, G., Li, L., Li, J. H., & Xu, B. Q. (2005a). Polyanilinecarbon composite films as supports of Pt and PtRu particles for methanol electrooxidation. Carbon, 43, 2579-2587. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.05.011. (Pubitemid 41085064)
250. Wu, T. M., Lin, Y. W., & Liao, C. S. (2005b). Preparation and characterization of polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites. Carbon, 43, 734-740. DOI: 10.1016/j. carbon.2004.10.043
251. Wu, G., More, K. L., Johnston, C. M., & Zelenay, P. (2011). High-performance electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction derived from polyaniline, iron, and cobalt. Science, 332, 443-447. DOI: 10.1126/science. 1200832.
252. Wu, G., Swaidan, R., Li, D. Y., & Li, N. (2008). Enhanced methanol electro-oxidation activity of PtRu catalysts supported on heteroatom-doped carbon. Electrochimica Acta, 53, 7622-7629. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.03. 082.
253. Wu, A. M., Venancio, E. C., & MacDiarmid, A. G. (2007). Polyaniline and polypyrrole oxygen reversible electrodes. Synthetic Metals, 157, 303-310. DOI: 10.1016/synthmet. 2007.03.008. (Pubitemid 46810174)
254. Wu, C. G., Yeh, Y. R., Chen, J. Y., & Chiou, Y. H. (2001b). Electroless surface polymerization of ordered conducting polyaniline films on aniline-primed substrates. Polymer, 42, 2877-2885. DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00) 00582-6. (Pubitemid 32110038)
255. Yang, M. M., Cheng, B., Song, H. H., & Chen, X. H. (2010). Preparation and electrochemical performance of polyaniline-based carbon nanotubes as electrode material for supercapacitor. Electrochimica Acta, 55, 7021-7027. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.077.
256. Yeh, Y. R., Hsiao, H. T., & Wu, C. G. (2001). The application of in-situ prepared polyaniline film as a hole blocking layer in polymeric organic light emitting diode. Synthetic Metals, 121, 1651-1652. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779(00)00878-x. (Pubitemid 32495534)
257. Yin, J. B, Xia, X., Xiang, L. Q., & Zhao, X. P. (2010). Conductivity and polarization of carbonaceous nanotubes derived from polyaniline nanotubes and their electrorheology when dispersed in silicone oil. Carbon, 48, 2958-2967. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.04.035.
258. Zeng, X. R., & Ko, T. M. (1998). Structures and properties of chemically reduced polyanilines. Polymer, 39, 1187-1195. DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)00381-9.
259. Zhang, W., Cheng, Y. M., Yin, X., & Liu, B. (2011a). Solidstate dye-sensitized solar cells with conjugated polymers as hole-transpoting materials. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 212, 15-23. DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000489.
260. Zhang, X. Y., Goux, W. J., & Manohar, S. K. (2004). Synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers by "nanofiber seeding". Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126, 4502-4503. DOI: 10.1021/ja031867a. (Pubitemid 38469083)
261. Zhang, Y., Jiang, X. Q., Zhang, R. R., Sun, P. P., & Zhou, Y. M. (2011b). Influence of the nanostructure on charge transport in polyaniline films. Electrochimica Acta, 56, 3264-3269. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.032.
262. Zhang, J. X., Liu, C., & Shi, G. Q. (2005). Raman spectroscopic study on the structural changes of polyaniline during heating and cooling processes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 96, 732-739. DOI: 10.1002/app.21520. (Pubitemid 40540458)
263. Zhang, L. J., Peng, H., Zujovic, Z. D., Kilmartin, P. A., & Travas-Sejdic, J. (2007). Characterization of polyaniline nanotubes formed in the presence of amino acids. Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, 208, 1210-1217. DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700013. (Pubitemid 47264430)
264. Zhang, L. J., & Wan, M. X. (2003). Self-assembly of polyaniline: From nanotubes to hollow microspheres. Advanced Functional Materials, 13, 815-820. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.200304458.
265. Zhang, D. H., & Wang, Y. Y. (2006). Synthesis and applications of one-dimensional nano-structured polyaniline. Material Science and Engineering B, 134, 9-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2006.07.037. (Pubitemid 44485460)
266. Zhang, Z. M., Wang, L. Q., Deng, J. Y., & Wan, M. X. (2008a). Self-assembled nanostructures of polyaniline doped with poly(3-thiophenacetic acid). Reactive & Functional Polymers, 68, 1081-1087. DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008. 02.010.
267. Zhang, H. B., Wang, J. X., Wang, Z., Zhang, F. B., & Wang, S. C. (2009). Electrodeposition of polyaniline nanostructures: A lamellar structure. Synthetic Metals, 159, 277-281. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.09.015.
268. Zhang, L. X., Zhang, L. J., & Wan, M. X. (2008b). Molybdic acid doped polyaniline micro/nanostructures via a selfassembly process. European Polymer Journal, 44, 2040-2045. DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.04.046.
269. Zhang, L. J., Zujovic, Z. D., Peng, H., Bowmaker, G. A., Kilmartin, P. A., & Travas-Sejdic, J. (2008c). Structural characteristics of polyaniline nanotubes synthesized from different buffer solutions. Macromolecules, 41, 8877-8884. DOI: 10.1021/ma801728j.
270. Zhao, W. J., Ma, L., & Lu, K. (2007a). Facile synthesis of polyaniline nanofibers in the presence of polyethylene glycol. Journal of Polymer Research, 14, 1-4. DOI: 10.1007/s10965- 006-9069-3. (Pubitemid 46181747)
271. Zhao, C., Xing, S. X., Yu, Y. H., Zhang, W. J., & Wang, C. (2007b). A novel all-plastic diode based upon pure polyaniline material. Microelectronics Journal, 38, 316-320. DOI: 10.1016/j.mejo.2007.01.004. (Pubitemid 46559976)
272. Zheng, W., Angelopoulos, M., Epstein, A. J., & MacDiarmid, A. G. (1997). Experimental evidence for hydrogen bonding in polyaniline: Mechanism of aggregate formation and dependency on oxidation state. Macromolecules, 30, 2953-2955. DOI: 10.1021/ma9700136. (Pubitemid 127579434)
273. Zhong, W. B., Wang, Y. X., Yan, Y., Sun, Y. F., Deng, J. P., & Yang, W. T. (2007). Fabrication of shape-controllable polyaniline micro/nanostructures on organic polymer surfaces: Obtaining spherical particles, wires, and ribbons. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 111, 3918-3926. DOI: 10.1021/jp0678296. (Pubitemid 46695695)
274. Zhou, Y. K., He, B. L., Zhou, W. J., & Li, H. L. (2004). Preparation and electrochemistry of SWNT/PANI composite films for electrochemical capacitors. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 151, A1052-A1057. DOI: 10.1149/1.1758812.
275. Zujovic, Z. D., Laslau, C., & Travas-Sejdic, J. (2011). Lamellarstructured nanoflakes comprised of stacked oligoaniline nanosheets. Chemistry - An Asian Journal, 6, 791-796. DOI:10.1002/asia.201000703.
276. Zujovic, Z. D., Zhang, L. J., Bowmaker, G. A., Kilmartin, P. A., & Travas-Sejdic, J. (2008). Self-assembled, nanostructured aniline oxidation products: A structural investigation. Macromolecules, 41, 3125-3135. DOI: 10.1021/ma071650r. (Pubitemid 351757669)