Apomixis in the era of biotechnology

Plant Developmental Biology

Volumn 1, Issue , 2010, Pages 405-436

  Albertini, E ^a   Barcaccia, G ^b   Mazzucato, A ^c   Sharbel, T F ^d   Falcinelli, M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PERUGIA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TUSCIA   (Italy)

^d LEIBNIZ INSTITUTE OF PLANT GENETICS AND CROP PLANT RESEARCH IPK   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84861230816     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02301-9_20     Document Type: Chapter

References (176)

1. Akiyama Y, Conner JA, Goel S, Morishige DT, Mullet JE, Hanna WW, Ozias-Akins P (2004) High-resolution physical mapping in Pennisetum squamulatum reveals extensive chromosomal heteromorphism of the genomic region associated with apomixis. Plant Physiol 134:1733-1741
2. Akiyama Y, Hanna WW, Ozias-Akins P (2005) High-resolution physical mapping reveals that the apospory-specific genomic region (ASGR) in Cenchrus ciliaris is located on a heterochromatic and hemizygous region of a single chromosome. Theor Appl Genet 111:1042-1051
3. Albertini E, Porceddu A, Ferranti F, Reale L, Barcaccia G, Falcinelli M (2001a) Apospory and parthenogenesis may be uncoupled in Poa pratensis L.: cytological and genetic evidences. Sex Plant Reprod 14:213-217
4. Albertini E, Barcaccia G, Porceddu A, Sorbolini S, Falcinelli M (2001b) Mode of reproduction is detected by Parth1 and Sex1 SCAR markers in a wide range of facultative apomictic Kentucky bluegrass varieties. Mol Breed 7:293-300
5. Albertini E, Marconi G, Barcaccia G, Raggi L, FalcinelliM(2004) Isolation of candidate genes for apomixis in Poa pratensis L. Plant Mol Biol 56:879-894
6. Albertini E, Marconi G, Reale L, Barcaccia G, Porceddu A, Ferranti F, Falcinelli M (2005) SERK and APOSTART: candidate genes for apomixis in Poa pratensis L. Plant Physiol 138:2185-2199
7. Albertini E, Marconi G, Raggi L, Reale L, Barcaccia G, Colombo L, Falcinelli M (2007) Identification and characterization of genes candidate for apomixis in Poa pratensis L. In: Abstr Vol 3rd Int Apomixis Conf, Wernigerode, Germany, p 52
8. Arnaud-Haond S, Duarte CM, Alberto F, Serrao EA (2007) Standardizing methods to address clonality in population studies. Mol Ecol 16:5115-5139
9. Asker S (1980) Gametophytic apomixis: elements and genetic regulation. Hereditas 93:277-293
10. Asker SE, Jerling L (1992) Apomixis in plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
11. Autran D, Huanca-Mamani W, Vielle-Calzada J-P (2005) Genomic imprinting in plants: the epigenetic version of an Oedipus complex. Curr Opin Plant Biol 8:19-25
12. Babcock EL, Stebbins GL (1938) The American species of Crepis: their interrelationships and distribution as affected by polyploidy and apomixis. Carnegie Inst Washington Publ 504:1-119
13. Bachem CWB, van der Hoeven RS, deBruijn SM, Vreugdenhil D, Zabeau M, Visser RGF (1996) Visualization of differential gene expression using a novel method of RNA fingerprinting based on AFLP: analysis of gene expression during potato tuber development. Plant J 9:745-753
14. Baldwin D, Crane V, Rice D (1999) A comparison of gel-based, nylon filter and microarray techniques to detect differential RNA expression in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2:96-103
15. Bantin J, Matzk F, Dresselhaus T (2001) Tripsacum dactyloides (Poaceae): a natural model system to study parthenogenesis. Sex Plant Reprod 14:219-226
16. Barcaccia G, Mazzucato A, Belardinelli A, Pezzetti M, Lucretti S, Falcinelli M (1997) Inheritance of parental genomes in progenies of Poa pratensis L. from sexual and apomictic genotypes as assessed by RAPD markers and flow cytometry. Theor Appl Genet 95:516-524
17. Barcaccia G, Mazzucato A, Albertini E, Zethof J, Pezzetti M, Gerats A, Falcinelli M (1998) Inheritance of parthenogenesis in Poa pratensis L.: auxin test and AFLP linkage analyses support monogenic control. Theor Appl Genet 97:74-82
18. Barcaccia G, Mazzucato A, Falcinelli M (2000) Inheritance of apomictic seed production in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). J New Seeds 2:43-58
19. Barcaccia G, Varotto S, Meneghetti S, Albertini E, Porceddu A, Parrini P, Lucchin M (2001) Analysis of gene expression during flowering in apomeiotic mutants of Medicago spp: cloning of ESTs and candidate genes for 2n eggs. Sex Plant Reprod 14:233-238
20. Barcaccia G, Arzenton F, Sharbel TF, Varotto S, Parrini P, Lucchin M (2006) Genetic diversity and reproductive biology in ecotypes of the facultative apomict Hypericum perforatum L. Heredity 96:322-334
21. Barcaccia G, Baumlein H, Sharbel TF (2007) Apomixis in St. John's wort: an overview and glimpse towards the future. In: Hörandl E, Grossniklaus U, Van Dijk P, Sharbel TF (eds) Apomixis. Evolution, mechanisms and perspectives. International Association of Plant Taxonomy, Koeltz Scientific Books, Vienna, pp 259-280
22. Bashaw EC, Hanna WW (1990) Apomictic reproduction. In: Chapman GP (ed) Reproductive versatility in the grasses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 100-130
23. Bell G (1982) The masterpiece of nature. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA
24. Berthaud J, Savidan Y, Barré M, Leblanc O (1997) Maize, Tripsacum and teosinte. In: Fucillo D, Sears L, Stapelton P (eds) Biodiversity in trust. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 227-235
25. Bicknell RA, Koltunow AM (2004) Understanding apomixis: recent advances and remaining conundrums. Plant Cell 16:S228-S245
26. Bicknell RA, Borst NK, Koltunow AM (2000) Monogenic inheritance of apomixis in two Hieracium species with distinct developmental mechanisms. Heredity 84:228-237
27. Bicknell RA, Lambie SC, Butler RC (2003) Quantification of progeny classes in two facultatively apomictic accessions of Hieracium. Hereditas 138:11-20
28. Bierzychudek P (1987) Patterns in plant parthenogenesis. Experientia Suppl 55:197-217
29. Birky-Jr CW (1996) Heterozygosity, heteromorphy, and phylogenetic trees in asexual eukaryotes. Genetics 144:427-437
30. Boutilier K, Offringa R, Sharma VK, Kieft H, Ouellet T, Zhang L, Hattori J, Liu CM, van Lammeren AA, Miki BL, Custers JB, van Lookeren CampagneMM(2002) Ectopic expression of BABY BOOM triggers a conversion from vegetative to embryonic growth. Plant Cell 14:1737-1749
31. Brock MT, Weinig C, Galen CA (2005) Comparison of phenotypic plasticity in the native dandelion Taraxacum ceratophorum and its invasive congener T. officinale. New Phytol 166:173-183
32. Brown PO, Botstein D (1999) Exploring the new world of the genome with DNA microarrays. Nature Genet 21:33-37
33. Brown WV, Emery HP (1958) Apomixis in the Gramineae: Panicoideae. Am J Bot 45:253-263
34. Calderini O, Chang SB, de Jong H, Busti A, Paolocci F, Arcioni S, de Vries SC, Abma-Henkens MH, Lankhorst RM, Donnison IS, Pupilli F (2006) Molecular cytogenetics and molecular sequence analysis of an apomixis-linked BAC in Paspalum simplex reveal a non-precicentromere location and partial microcolinearity with rice. Theor Appl Genet 112:1179-1191
35. Carman JG (1997) Asynchronous expression of duplicate genes in angiosperms may cause apomixis, bispory, tetraspory, and polyembryony. Biol J Linn Soc 61:51-94
36. Catanach AS, Erasmuson SK, Podivinsky E, Jordan BR, Bicknell R (2006) Deletion mapping of genetic regions associated with apomixis in Hieracium. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:18650-18655
37. Chaudhury AM, Peacock JW (1993) Approaches to isolating apomictic mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana: prospects and progress. In: Khush GS (ed) Apomixis: exploiting hybrid vigor in rice. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, pp 66-71
38. Chen LZ, Miyazaki C, Kojima A, Saito A, Adachi T (1999) Isolation and characterization of a gene expressed during early embryo sac development in apomictic guinea grass (Panicum maximum). J Plant Physiol 154:55-62
39. Chen L, Guan L, Seo M, Hoffmann F, Adachi T (2005) Developmental expression of ASG-1 during gametogenesis in apomictic guinea grass (Panicum maximum). J Plant Physiol 162:1141-1148
40. Citterio S, Albertini E, Varotto S, Feltrin E, Soattin M, Marconi G, Sgorbati S, Lucchin M, Barcaccia G (2005) Alfalfa Mob1-like genes are expressed in reproductive organs during meiosis and gametogenesis. Plant Mol Biol 58:789-808
41. Cnudde F, Moretti C, Porceddu A, Pezzotti M, Gerats T (2003) Transcript profiling on developing Petunia hybrida floral organs. Sex Plant Reprod 16:77-85
42. Comai L, Madlung A, Josefsson C, Tyagi A (2003) Do the different parental 'heteromes' cause genomic shock in newly formed allopolyploids? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 358:1149-1155
43. Conner JA, Huo H, Albertini E, Ozias-Akins P (2007) Characterization of an apospory-specific genomic region-baby-boom gene in apomictic development in Pennisetum squamulatum. In: Abstr Vol 3rd Int Apomixis Conf, Wernigerode, Germany, p 54
44. Corral JM, Piwczynski M, Sharbel TF (2008) Allelic sequence divergence in the apomictic Boechera holboellii complex. In: Martens K, Schön I, Van Dijk P (eds) Lost sex. The evolutionary biology of parthenogenesis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (in press)
45. Crane CF (2001) Classification of apomictic mechanisms. In: Savidan Y, Carman JG, Dresselhaus T (eds) The flowering of apomixes: from mechanisms to genetic engineering. CIMMYT, IRD European Commission DG VI (FAIR), pp 24-43
46. Curtis MD, Grossniklaus U (2007) Amphimixis and apomixis: two sides of the same coin! In: Hörandl E, Grossniklaus U, Van Dijk P, Sharbel TF (eds) Apomixis. Evolution, mechanisms and perspectives. International Association of Plant Taxonomy, Koeltz Scientific Books, Vienna, pp 37-62
47. Donson J, Fang YW, Espiritu-Santo G, Xing WM, Salazar A, Miyamoto S, Armendarez V, Volkmuth W (2002) Comprehensive gene expression analysis by transcript profiling. Plant Mol Biol 48:75-97
48. do Valle CB, Glienke C, Leguizamon GOC (1994) Inheritance of apomixis in Brachiaria, a tropical forage grass. Apomixis Newslett 7:42-43
49. Dujardin M, Hanna WW (1983) Apomictic and sexual pearl millet x Pennisetum squamulatum hybrids. J Hered 74:277-279
50. Dujardin M, Hanna W (1984) Cytogenetics of double cross hybrids between Pennisetum americanum-P. purpureum amphiploids and P. americanum x Pennisetum squamulatum interspecific hybrids. Theor Appl Genet 69:97-100
51. Durrant WE, Rowland O, Piedras P, Hammond-Kosack KE, Jones JDG (2000) cDNA-AFLP reveals a striking overlap in race-specific resistance and wound response gene expression profiles. Plant Cell 12:963-977
52. Ebina M, Nakagawa H, Yamamoto T, Araya H, Tsuruta SI, Takahara M, Nakajima K (2005) Co-segregation of AFLP and RAPD markers to apospory in Guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). Grassland Sci 51:71-78
53. Farquharson LI (1955) Apomixis and polyembryony in Tripsacum dactyloides. Am J Bot 42:737-743
54. Fehér A, Pasternak TP, Dudits D (2003) Transition of somatic cells to an embryogenic state. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture 74:201-228
55. Feil R, Berger F (2007) Convergent evolution of genomic imprinting in plants and mammals. Trends Genet 23:192-199
56. Goel S, Chen Z, Conner JA, Akiyama Y, Hanna WW, Ozias-Akins P (2003) Physical evidence that a single hemizygous chromosomal region is sufficient to confer aposporous embryo sac formation in Pennisetum squamulatum and Cenchrus ciliaris. Genetics 163:1069-1082
57. Grazi F, Umaerus M, Akerberg E (1961) Observations on the mode of reproduction and the embryology of Poa pratensis. Hereditas 47:489-541
58. Green CD, Simons JF, Taillon BE, Lewin DA (2001) Open systems: panoramic views of gene expression. J Immunol Methods 250:67-79
59. Grimanelli D, Leblanc O, Espinosa E, Perotti E, Gonzalez de Leon D, Savidan Y (1998) Non-Mendelian transmission of apomixis in maize-Tripsacum hybrids caused by a transmission ratio distortion. Heredity 80:40-47
60. Grimanelli D, Leblanc O, Perotti E, Grossniklaus U (2001a) Developmental genetics of gametophytic apomixis. Trends Genet 17:597-604
61. Grimanelli D, Leblanc O, Perotti E, Grossniklaus U (2001b) Developmental genetics of gametophytic apomixis. Trends Genet 17:597-604
62. Grimanelli D, Garcia M, Kaszas E, Perotti E, Leblanc O (2003) Heterochronic expression of sexual reproductive programs during apomictic development in Tripsacum. Genetics 165:1521-1531
63. Grossniklaus U, Schneitz K (1998) The molecular and genetic basis of ovule and megagametophyte development. Sem Cell Dev Biol 9:227-238
64. Grossniklaus U, Nogler GA, van Dijk PJ (2001a) How to avoid sex: the genetic control of gametophytic apomixis. Plant Cell 13:1491-1497
65. Grossniklaus U, Spillane C, Page DR, Köhler C (2001b) Genomic imprinting and seed development: endosperm formation with and without sex. Curr Opin Plant Biol 4:21-27
66. Guitton AE, Berger F (2005) Control of reproduction by Polycomb Group complexes in animals and plants. Int J Dev Biol 49:707-716
67. Hair JB (1956) Subsexual reproduction in Agropyron. Heredity 10:129-160
68. Halkett F, Simon JC, Balloux F (2005) Tackling the population genetics of clonal and partially clonal organisms. Trends Ecol Evol 20:194
69. Harlan JR, DeWet JMJ (1977) Pathways of genetic transfer from Tripsacum to Zea mays. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:3494-3497
70. Harlan JR, DeWet JMJ, Naik SM, Lambert RJ (1970) Chromosome pairing within genomes in maize-Tripsacum hybrids. Science 167:1247-1248
71. Hecht V, Vielle-Calzada JP, Hartog MV, Schmidt EDL, Boutilier K, Grossniklaus U, de Vries SC (2001) The Arabidopsis SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE 1 gene is expressed in developing ovules and embryos and enhances embryogenic competence in culture. Plant Physiol 127:803-816
72. Holsinger KE (2000) Reproductive systems and evolution in vascular plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:7037-7042
73. Hörandl E (2006) The complex causality of geographical parthenogenesis. New Phytol 171:525-538
74. Hörandl E, Paun O (2007) Patterns and sources of genetic diversity in apomictic plants: implications for evolutionary potentials. In: Hörandl E, Grossniklaus U, Van Dijk P, Sharbel TF (eds) Apomixis. Evolution, mechanisms and perspectives. International Association of Plant Taxonomy, Koeltz Scientific Books, Vienna, pp 169-194
75. Hsieh TF, Hakim O, Ohad N, Fischer RL (2003) From flour to flower: how Polycomb group proteins influence multiple aspects of plant development. Trends Plant Sci 8:439-445
76. Jessup RW, Burson BL, Burow GB, Wang YW, Chang C, Li Z, Paterson AH, Hussey MA (2002) Disomic inheritance, suppressed recombination, and allelic interactions govern apospory in buffelgrass as revealed by genome mapping. Crop Sci 42:1688-1694
77. Jessup RW, Burson BL, Burow G, Wang YW, Chang C, Li Z, Paterson AH, Hussey MA (2003) Segmental allotetraploidy and allelic interactions in buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link syn. Cenchrus ciliaris L.) as revealed by genome mapping. Genome 46:304-313
78. Jones CS, Davies HV, Taylor MA (2000) Profiling of changes in gene expression during raspberry (Rubus idaeus) fruit ripening by application of RNA fingerprinting techniques. Planta 211:708-714
79. Kindiger B, Sokolov V (1997) Progress in the development of apomictic maize. Trends Agron 1:75-94
80. Kindiger B, Bai D, Sokolov V (1996) Assignment of gene(s) conferring apomixis in Tripsacum to a chromosome arm: cytological and molecular evidence. Genome 39:1139-1141
81. Kiyosue T, Ohad N, Yadegari R, Hannon M, Dinneny J, Wells D, Katz A, Margossian L, Harada JJ, Goldberg RB, Fischer RL (1999) Control of fertilization-independent endosperm development by the MEDEA polycomb gene Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:4186-4191
82. Köhler C, Grossniklaus U (2005) Seed development and genomic imprinting in plants. Prog Mol Subcell Biol 38:237-262
83. Koltunow AM (1993) Apomixis: embryo sacs and embryos formed without meiosis or fertilization in ovules. Plant Cell 5:1425-1437
84. Koltunow AM, Grossniklaus U (2003) Apomixis: a developmental perspective. Annu Rev Plant Biol 54:547-574
85. Koltunow AM, Bicknell RA, Chaudhury AM (1995) Apomixis: molecular strategies for the generation of genetically identical seeds without fertilization. Plant Physiol 108:1345-1352
86. Kondrashov AS (1994) Muller's ratchet under epistatic selection. Genetics 136:1469-1473
87. Labombarda P, Busti A, Caceres ME, Pupilli F, Arcioni S (2002) An AFLP marker tightly linked to apomixis reveals hemizygosity in a portion of the apomixis-controlling locus in Paspalum simplex. Genome 45:513-519
88. Laspina N, Vega T, Ortiz JPA, Podio M, Stein J, Quarin CL, Echenique VC, Pessino SC (2007) Identification of genes differentially expressed in inflorescences of sexual and aposporous Paspalum notatum. In: Abstr Vol 3rd Int Apomixis Conf, Wernigerode, Germany, p 53
89. Leblanc O, Mazzucato A (2001) Screening procedures to identify and quantify apomixis. In: Savidan Y, Carman JG, Dresselhaus T (eds) The flowering of apomixis: from mechanisms to genetic engineering. CIMMYT, pp 121-136
90. Leblanc O, Grimanelli D, De Leon G, Savidan Y (1995a) Detection of the apomictic mode of reproduction in maize-Tripsacum hybrids using maize RFLP markers. Theor Appl Genet 90:1198-1203
91. Leblanc O, Peel MD, Carman JG, Savidan Y (1995b) Megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in several Tripsacum species (Poaceae). Am J Bot 82:57-63
92. Leblanc O, Grimanelli D, Islam-Faridi M, Berthaud J, Savidan Y (1996) Reproductive behavior in maize-Tripsacum polyhaploid plants: implications for the transfer of apomixis into maize. J Hered 87:108-111
93. Leblanc O, Armstead I, Pessino S, Ortiz JP, Evans C, doValle C, Hayward MD (1997) Non-radioactive mRNA fingerprinting to visualise gene expression in mature ovaries of Brachiaria hybrids derived from B. brizantha, an apomictic tropical forage. Plant Sci 126:49-58
94. Lippman Z, Gendrel AV, Black M, Vaughn MW, Dadhla N, McCombie WR, Lavine K, Mittal V, May B, Kasschau KD, Carrington JC, Doerge RW, Colot V, Martienssen R (2004) Role of transposable elements in heterochromatin and epigenetic control. Nature 430:471-476
95. Lohe AR, Chaudhury A (2002) Genetic and epigenetic processes in seed development. Curr Opin Plant Biol 5:19-25
96. Luo M, Bilodeau P, Koltunow A, Dennis ES, Peacock WJ, Chaudhury AM (1999) Genes controlling fertilization-independent seed development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:296-301
97. Mangelsdorf PC, Reeves RG (1931) Hybridization of maize, Tripsacum and Euchlaena. J Hered 22:339-343
98. Marshall DR, Brown AHD (1981) The evolution of apomixis. Heredity 47:1-15
99. Martínez EJ, Urbani MH, Quarin CL, Ortiz JP (2001) Inheritance of apospory in bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum. Hereditas 135:19-25
100. Matz MV, Lukyanov SA (1998) Different strategies of differential display: areas of application. Nucleic Acids Res 26:5537-5543
101. Matzk F, Meister A, Schubert I (2000) An efficient screen for reproductive pathways using mature seeds of monocots and dicots. Plant J 21:97-108
102. Matzk F, Meister A, Brutovska R, Schubert I (2001) Reconstruction of reproductive diversity in Hypericum perforatum L. opens novel strategies to manage apomixis. Plant J 26:275-282
103. Matzk F, Prodanovic S, Bäumlein H, Schubert I (2005) The inheritance of apomixes in Poa pratensis confirms a five locus model with differences in gene expressivity and penetrance. Plant Cell 17:13-24
104. Maynard Smith J (1978) The evolution of sex. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
105. Meirmans PG, Van Tienderen PH (2004) Genotype and genodive: two programs for the analysis of genetic diversity of asexual organisms. Mol Ecol Notes 4:792-794
106. Mes THM (1998) Character compatibility of molecular markers to distinguish asexual and sexual reproduction. Mol Ecol 7:1719-1727
107. Michelmore RW, Paran I, Kesseli EV (1991) Identification of markers linked to disease-resistance genes by bulked segregant analysis: a rapid method to detect markers in specific genomic regions by using segregating populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:9828-9832
108. Miles JW, Escandon ML (1997) Further evidence on the inheritance of reproductive mode in Brachiaria. Can J Plant Sci 77:105-107
109. Muller HJ (1964) The relation of recombination to mutational advance. Mutation Res 106:2-9
110. Naumova T (1992) Apomixis in angiosperms: nucellar and integumentary embryony. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
111. Naumova TN, van der Laak J, Osadtchiy J, Matzk F, Kravtchenko A, Bergervoet J, Ramulu KS, Boutilier K (2001) Reproductive development in apomictic populations of Arabis holboellii (Brassicaceae). Sex Plant Reprod 14:195-200
112. Nogler GA (1984a) Gametophytic apomixis. In: Johri BM (ed) Embryology of angiosperms. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 475-518
113. Nogler GA (1984b) Genetics of apospory in Ranunculus auricomus. Bot Helv 94:411-422
114. Nowack MK, Shirzadi R, Dissmeyer N, Dolf A, Endl E, Grini PE, Schnittger A (2007) Bypassing genomic imprinting allows seed development. Nature 447:312-315
115. Noyes RD (2005) Inheritance of apomeiosis (diplospory) in fleabanes (Erigeron, Asteraceae). Heredity 94:193-198
116. Noyes RD, Rieseberg LH (2000) Two independent loci control agamospermy (apomixis) in the triploid flowering plant Erigeron annuus. Genetics 155:379-390
117. Noyes RD, Baker R, Mai B (2007) Mendelian segregation for two-factor apomixis in Erigeron annuus (Asteraceae). Heredity 98:92-98
118. Ogas J, Kaufmann S, Henderson J, Somerville C (1999) PICKLE is a CHD3 chromatin-remodeling factor that regulates the transition from embryonic to vegetative development in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:13839-13844
119. Ohad N, Margossian L, Hsu YC, Williams C, Repetti P, Fischer RL (1996) A mutation that allows endosperm development without fertilization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:5319-5324
120. Osborn TC, Chris Pires J, Birchler JA, Auger DL, Jeffery Chen Z, Lee HS, Comai L, Madlung A, Doerge RW, Colot V, Martienssen RA (2003) Understanding mechanisms of novel gene expression in polyploids. Trends Genet 19:141-147
121. Ozias-Akins P (2006) Apomixis: developmental characteristics and genetics. Crit Rev Plant Sci 25:199-214
122. Ozias-Akins P, Roche D, Hanna WW (1998) Tight clustering and hemizygosity of apomixislinked molecular markers in Pennisetum squamulatum genetic control of apospory by a divergent locus that may have no allelic form in sexual genotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:5127-5132
123. Ozias-Akins P, Akiyama Y, Hanna WW (2003) Molecular characterization of the genomic region linked with apomixis in Pennisetum/Cenchrus. Funct Integrat Genomics 3:94-104
124. Peacock JP (1992) Genetic engineering and mutagenesis for apomixis in rice. Apomixis Newslett 4:3-7
125. Pessino SC, Ortiz J, Leblanc O, do Valle CB, Hayward MD (1997) Identification of a maize linkage group related to apomixis in Brachiaria. Theor Appl Genet 94:439-444
126. Pessino SC, Evans C, Ortiz JPA, Armstead I, do Valle CB, Hayward MD (1998) A genetic map of the apospory-region in Brachiaria hybrids: identification of two markers closely associated with the trait. Hereditas 128:153-158
127. Pessino SC, Espinoza F, Martínez EJ, Ortiz JPA, Valle EM, Quarin CL (2001) Isolation of cDNA clones differentially expressed in flowers of apomictic and sexual Paspalum notatum. Hereditas 134:35-42
128. Petrov DF, Belousova NI, Fokina ES, Laikova LI, Yatsenko RM, Sorokina TP (1984) Transfer of some elements of apomixis from Tripsacum to maize. In: Petrov DF (ed) Apomixis and its role in evolution and breeding. Oxonian Press, New Delhi, pp 9-73
129. Porceddu A, Albertini E, Barcaccia G, Falistocco E, Falcinelli M (2002) Linkage mapping in apomictic and sexual Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) genotypes using a two way pseudo-testcross strategy based on AFLP and SAMPL markers. Theor Appl Genet 104:273-280
130. Pouchkina-Stantcheva NN, McGee BM, Boschetti C, Tolleter D, Chakrabortee S, Popova AV, Meersman F, Macherel D, Hincha DK, Tunnacliffe A (2007) Functional divergence of former alleles in an ancient asexual invertebrate. Science 318:268-271
131. Pupilli F, Labombarda P, Caceres ME, Quarin CL, Arcioni S (2001) The chromosome segment related to apomixis in Paspalum simplex is homoeologous to the telomeric region of the long arm of rice chromosome 12. Mol Breed 8:53-61
132. Pupilli F, Martínez EJ, Busti A, Calderini O, Quarin CL, Arcioni S (2004) Comparative mapping reveals partial conservation of synteny at the apomixis locus in Paspalum spp. Mol Genet Genomics 270:539-548
133. Quarin CL, Hanna WW, Fernandez A (1982) Genetic studies in diploid and tetraploid Paspalum species. Embryo sac development, chromosome behavior and fertility in P. cromyorrhizon, P. laxum and P. proliferum. J Hered 73:254-256
134. Randolph LF (1970) Variation among Tripsacum populations of Mexico and Guatemala. Brittonia 22:305-337
135. Ranganath RM (2004) Harnessing the developmental potential of nucellar cells: barriers and opportunities. Trends Biotechnol 22:504-510
136. Ravi M, Marimuthu MP, Siddiqi I (2008) Gamete formation without meiosis in Arabidopsis. Nature 451:1121-1124
137. Reijans M, Lascaris R, Groeneger AO, Wittenberg A, Wesselink E, van Oeveren J, de Wit E, Boorsma A, Voetdijk B, van der Spek H, Grivell LA, Simons G (2003) Quantitative comparison of cDNA-AFLP, microarrays, and GeneChip expression data in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genomics 82:606-618
138. Reusch JDH (1961) The relationship between reproduction factors and seed set in Paspalum dilatatum. S Afr J Agric Sci 4:513-530
139. Rice W, Friberg U (2007) Genomic clues to an ancient asexual scandal. Genome Biol 8:232
140. Richards AJ (1996) Genetic variability in obligate apomicts of the genus Taraxacum. Folia Geobot Phytotaxon 31:405-414
141. Richards AJ (1997) Plant breeding systems. Chapman and Hall, London
142. Richards AJ (2003) Apomixis in flowering plants: an overview. Philos Trans Roy Soc Lond B Biol Sci 358:1085-1093
143. Roche D, Cong P, Chen ZB, Hanna WW, Gustine DL, Sherwood RT, Ozias-Akins P (1999) An apospory-specific genomic region is conserved between buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) and Pennisetum squamulatum Fresen. Plant J 19:203-208
144. Roche DR, Hanna W, Ozias-Akins P (2001) Is supernumerary chromatin involved in gametophytic apomixis of polyploid plants? Sex Plant Reprod 13:343-349
145. Roche DR, Conner JA, Budiman MA, Frisch D, Wing R, Hanna WW, Ozias-Akins P (2002) Construction of BAC libraries from two apomictic grasses to study the microcolinearity of their apospory-specific genomic regions. Theor Appl Genet 104:804-812
146. Rodrigues JCM, Cabral GB, Dusi DMA, de Mello LV, Rigden DJ, Carneiro VTC (2003) Identification of differentially expressed cDNA sequences in ovaries of sexual and apomictic plants of Brachiaria brizantha. Plant Mol Biol 53:745-757
147. Rosenberg O (1907) Experimental and cytological studies in the Hieracia. II. Cytological studies on the apogamy in Hieracium. Bot Tidsskr 28:143-170
148. Rutishauser A (1948) Pseudogamie und Polymorphie in der Gattung Potentilla. Arch Julius Klaus Stift Vererbungsforsch Sozialanthropol Rassenhyg 23:267-424
149. Savidan YH (1982) Nature et hérédité de l'apomixie chez Panicum maximum Jacq. OSTROM, Paris, Trav Doc OSTROM 153:1-159
150. Savidan Y (2000) Apomixis: genetics and breeding. Plant Breed Rev 18:13-86
151. Savidan Y, Carman JG, Dresselhaus T (2001) The flowering of apomixis: from mechanisms to genetic engineering. CIMMYT, IRD, European Commission DG VI (FAIR)
152. Schmidt ED, Guzzo F, Toonen MA, de Vries SC (1997) A leucine-rich repeat containing receptor-like kinase marks somatic plant cells competent to form embryos. Development 124:2049-2062
153. Schranz ME, Kantama L, de Jong H, Mitchell-Olds T (2006) Asexual reproduction in a close relative of Arabidopsis: a genetic investigation of apomixis in Boechera (Brassicaceae). New Phytol 171:425-438
154. Sharbel TF, Mitchell-Olds T (2001) Recurrent polyploid origins and chloroplast phylogeography in the Arabis holboellii complex (Brassicaceae). Heredity 87:59-68
155. Sharbel TF, Voigt M-L, Corral JM, Thiel T, Varshney A, Kumlehn J, Vogel H, Rotter B (2009) Molecular signatures of apomictic and sexual ovules in the Boechera holboellii complex. Plant J 58:870-882
156. Sherwood RT, Berg CC, Young BA (1994) Inheritance of apospory in buffelgrass. Crop Sci 34:1490-1494
157. Spillane C, Stimer A, Grossniklaus U (2001) Apomixis in agriculture: the quest for clonal seeds. Sex Plant Reprod 14:179-187
158. Swanson-Wagner RA, Jia Y, DeCook R, Borsuk LA, Nettleton D, Schnable PS (2006) All possible modes of gene action are observed in a global comparison of gene expression in a maize F1
159. hybrid and its inbred parents. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:6805-6810
160. Takeda S, Paszkowski J (2006) DNA methylation and epigenetic inheritance during plant gametogenesis. Chromosoma 115:27-35
161. Tas ICQ, van Dijk PJ (1999) Crosses between sexual and apomictic dandelions (Taraxacum). I. The inheritance of apomixis. Heredity 83:707-714
162. Tucker MR, Araujo ACG, Paech NA, Hecht V, Schmidt EDL, Rossell JB, de Vries SC, Koltunow AMG (2003) Sexual and apomictic reproduction in Hieracium subgenus Pilosella are closely interrelated developmental pathways. Plant Cell 15:1524-1537
163. Vandel A (1928) La parthénogenèse géographique. Contribution àl'étude biologique et cytologique de la parthénogenèse naturelle. Bull Biol France Belgique 62:164-281
164. van Dijk P, Bakx-Schotman J (2004) Formation of unreduced megaspores (diplospory) in apomictic dandelions (Taraxacum officinale) is controlled by a sex-specific dominant locus. Genetics 166:483-492
165. van Dijk PJ, Tas ICQ, Falque M, Bakx-Schotman T (1999) Crosses between sexual and apomictic dandelions (Taraxacum). II. The breakdown of apomixis. Heredity 83:715-721
166. van Dijk PJ, van Baarlen P, de Jong JH (2003) The occurrence of phenotypically complementary apomixis-recombinants in crosses between sexual and apomictic dandelions (Taraxacum officinale). Sex Plant Reprod 16:71-76
167. Vielle-Calzada JP, Nuccio ML, Budiman MA, Thomas TL, Burson BL, Hussey MA, Wing RA (1996) Comparative gene expression in sexual and apomictic ovaries of Pennisetum ciliare (L) Link. Plant Mol Biol 32:1085-1092
168. Vielle-Calzada JP, Thomas J, Spillane C, Coluccio A, Hoeppner MA, Grossniklaus U (1999) Maintenance of genomic imprinting at the Arabidopsis medea locus requires zygotic DDM1
169. activity. Genes Dev 13:2971-2982
170. Vijverberg K, van Dijk P J (2007) Genetic linkage mapping of apomixis loci. In: Hörandl E, Grossniklaus U, Van Dijk P, Sharbel TF (eds) Apomixis. Evolution, mechanisms and perspectives. International Association of Plant Taxonomy, Koeltz Scientific Books, Vienna, pp 137-158
171. Vijverberg K, Van der Hulst RGM, Lindhout P, van Dijk PJ (2004) A genetic linkage map of the diplosporous chromosomal region in Taraxacum officinale (common dandelion; Asteraceae). Theor Appl Genet 108:725-732
172. VilàM, Gómez A, Maron J (2003) Are alien plants more competitive than their native conspecifics? A test using Hypericum perforatum L. Oecologia 137:211-215
173. Voigt ML, Melzer M, Rutten T, Mitchell-Olds T, Sharbel TF (2007) Gametogenesis in the apomictic Boechera holboellii complex: the male perspective. In: Hörandl E, Grossniklaus U, Van Dijk P, Sharbel TF (eds) Apomixis. Evolution, mechanisms and perspectives. International Association of Plant Taxonomy. Koeltz Scientific Books, Vienna, pp 235-258
174. Welch JLM, Welch DBM, Meselson M (2004) Cytogenetic evidence for asexual evolution of bdelloid rotifers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:1618-1621
175. Xiao W, Custard KD, Brown RC, Lemmon BE, Harada JJ, Goldberg RB, Fischer RL (2006) DNA methylation is critical for Arabidopsis embryogenesis and seed viability. Plant Cell 18:805-814
176. Zuo J, Niu QW, Frugis G, Chua NH (2002) The WUSCHEL gene promotes vegetative-toembryonic transition in Arabidopsis. Plant J 30:349-359