Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory bowel diseases-a systematic review

British Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 107, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2012, Pages

  Cabré, Eduard ^a,b   Mañosa, Míriam ^a,b   Gassull, Miquel A ^c  

^a HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARI GERMANS TRIAS I PUJOL   (Spain)

^b INSTITUTO DE SALUD CARLOS III   (Spain)

^c Germans Trias i Pujol Foundation   (Spain)

Author keywords

Crohn's disease; DHA; EPA; Fish oil; Omega 3 fatty acids; Ulcerative colitis

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; FISH OIL; GAMMA LINOLENIC ACID; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; MESALAZINE; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PLACEBO; PROBIOTIC AGENT; SALAZOSULFAPYRIDINE; STEROID; TRACE ELEMENT;

CROHN DISEASE; DIARRHEA; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DRUG CAPSULE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; DYSPEPSIA; ENTERIC FEEDING; ENTERITIS; HUMAN; INTESTINE RESECTION; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PROCTITIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RECURRENCE RISK; REMISSION; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TASTE DISORDER; ULCERATIVE COLITIS; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

COLITIS, ULCERATIVE; CROHN DISEASE; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; FATTY ACIDS, OMEGA-3; HUMANS;

EID: 84861109303     PISSN: 00071145     EISSN: 14752662     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114512001626     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Kappelman MD, Rifas-Shiman SL, Kleinman K, et al. (2007) The prevalence and geographic distribution of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in the United States. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5, 1424-1429. (Pubitemid 350181588)
2. Loftus CG, Loftus EV Jr, Harmsen WS, et al. (2007) Update on the incidence and prevalence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940-2000. Inflamm Bowel Dis 13, 254-261. (Pubitemid 46465905)
3. Shivananda S, Lennard-Jones J, Logan R, et al. (1996) Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease across Europe: Is there a difference between north and south? Results of the European collaborative study on inflammatory bowel disease (EC-IBD). Gut 39, 690-697. (Pubitemid 26426470)
4. Lakatos PL (2006) Recent trends in the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases: up or down? World J Gastroenterol 12, 6102-6108. (Pubitemid 44688157)
5. Baumgart DC & Carding SR (2007) Inflammatory bowel disease: cause and immunobiology. Lancet 1627-1640. (Pubitemid 46722636)
6. Travis SPL, Stange EF, Lémann M, et al. (2008) European evidence-based consensus on the management of ulcerative colitis: current management. J Crohn's Colitis 2, 24-62. (Pubitemid 351179488)
7. Dignass A, van Assche G, Lindsay JO, et al. (2010) The second European evidence-based Consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: Current management. J Crohn's Colitis 4, 28-62.
8. Toruner M, Loftus EV Jr, Harmsen WS, et al. (2008) Risk factors for opportunistic infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 134, 929-936. (Pubitemid 351451967)
9. Biancone L, Calabrese E, Petruzziello C, et al. (2007) Treatment with biologic therapies and the risk of cancer in patients with IBD. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 4, 78-91. (Pubitemid 46454794)
10. Bewtra M & Lewis JD (2009) Safety profile of IBD: lymphoma risks. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 38, 669-689.
11. Calder PC (2006) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 83, 1505S-1519S. (Pubitemid 44713092)
12. Calder PC (2009) Fatty acids and immune function: relevance to inflammatory bowel diseases. Int Rev Immunol 28, 506-534.
13. Weylandt KH, Kang JX, Wiedenmann B, et al. (2007) Lipoxins and resolvins in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 13, 797-799. (Pubitemid 46909995)
14. De Ley M, De Vos R, Hommes DW, et al. (2007) Fish oil for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD005986.
15. Turner D, Steinhart AH & Griffiths AM (2007) Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD006443.
16. Turner D, Zlotkin SH, Shah PS, et al. (2009) Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD006320.
17. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. (1996) Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials 17, 1-12. (Pubitemid 26120810)
18. Silverberg MS, Satsangi J, Ahmad T, et al. (2005) Toward an integrated clinical, molecular and serological classification of inflammatory bowel disease: Report of a Working Party of the 2005 Montreal World Congress of Gastroenterology. Can J Gastroenterol 19, 5-36.
19. Salomon P, Kornbluth AA & Janowitz HD (1990) Treatment of ulcerative colitis with fish oil n-3-omega-fatty acid: an open trial. J Clin Gastroenterol 12, 157-161. (Pubitemid 20117212)
20. Lorenz R, Weber PC, Szimnau P, et al. (1989) Supplementation with n-3 fatty acids from fish oil in chronic inflammatory bowel disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over trial. J Intern Med Suppl 731, 225-232. (Pubitemid 19191772)
21. Greenfield SM, Green AT, Teare JP, et al. (1993) A randomized controlled study of evening primrose oil and fish oil in ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 7, 159-166. (Pubitemid 23109462)
22. Bjorkkjaer T, Brunborg LA, Arslan G, et al. (2004) Reduced joint pain after short-term duodenal administration of seal oil in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: comparison with soy oil. Scand J Gastroenterol 39, 1088-1094. (Pubitemid 39536398)
23. Trebble TM, Arden NK, Wootton SA, et al. (2004) Fish oil and antioxidants alter the composition and function of circulating mononuclear cells in Crohn disease. Am J Clin Nutr 80, 1137-1144. (Pubitemid 41350672)
24. Trebble TM, Stroud MA, Wootton SA, et al. (2005) High-dose fish oil and antioxidants in Crohn's disease and the response of bone turnover: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 94, 253-261. (Pubitemid 41357797)
25. Brunborg LA, Madland TM, Lind RA, et al. (2008) Effects of short-term oral administration of dietary marine oils in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and joint pain: a pilot study comparing seal oil and cod liver oil. Clin Nutr 27, 614-622.
26. Geerling BJ, Badart-Smook A, van Deursen C, et al. (2000) Nutritional supplementation with n-3 fatty acids and antioxidants in patients with Crohn's disease in remission: Effects on antioxidant status and fatty acid profile. Inflammat Bowel Dis 6, 77-84.
27. Eivindson M, Gronbaek H, Nielsen JN, et al. (2005) Insulinlike growth factors (IGFs) and IGF binding proteins in active Crohn's disease treated with omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids and corticosteroids. Scand J Gastroenterol 40, 1214-1221. (Pubitemid 41510681)
28. Nielsen AA, Nielsen JN, Gronbaek H, et al. (2007) Impact of enteral supplements enriched with omega-3 fatty acids and/or omega-6 fatty acids, arginine and ribonucleic acid compounds on leptin levels and nutritional status in active Crohn's disease treated with prednisolone. Digestion 75, 10-16. (Pubitemid 46712747)
29. Uchiyama K, Nakamura M, Odahara S, et al. (2010) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet therapy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 16, 1696-1707.
30. Sakurai T, Matsui T, Yao T, et al. (2002) Short-term efficacy of enteral nutrition in the treatment of active Crohn's disease: a randomized, controlled trial comparing nutrient formulas. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 26, 98-103. (Pubitemid 34163552)
31. Bamba T, Shimoyama T, Sasaki M, et al. (2003) Dietary fat attenuates the benefits of an elemental diet in active Crohn's disease: a randomized, controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15, 151-157. (Pubitemid 36269779)
32. Aslan A & Triadafilopoulos G (1992) Fish oil fatty acid supplementation in ulcerative colitis: a double blind, placebocontrolled, crossover study. Am J Gastroenterol 87, 432-437.
33. Hawthorne AB, Daneshmend TK, Hawkey CJ, et al. (1992) Treatment of ulcerative colitis with fish oil supplementation: a prospective 12-month randomised controlled trial. Gut 33, 922-928.
34. Stenson WF, Cort D, Rodgers J, et al. (1992) Dietary supplements with fish oil in ulcerative colitis. Ann Intern Med 116, 609-614.
35. Belluzzi A, Brignola C, Campieri M, et al. (1996) Effect of an enteric-coated fish-oil preparation on relapses in Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med 334, 1557-1560. (Pubitemid 26177482)
36. Loeschke K, Ueberschaer B, Pietsch A, et al. (1996) n-3 fatty acids only delay early relapse of ulcerative colitis in remission. Dig Dis Sci 41, 2087-2094. (Pubitemid 26366812)
37. Lorenz-Meyer H, Bauer P, Nicolay C, et al. (1996) Omega-3 fatty acids and low carbohydrate diet for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease: A randomized controlled multicenter trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 31, 778-785. (Pubitemid 26255046)
38. Mantzaris GJ, Archavlis E, Zografos C, et al. (1996) A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study of fish oil in ulcerative colitis. Hellen J Gastroenterol 9, 138-141. (Pubitemid 28461384)
39. Belluzzi A, Campieri M, Belloli C, et al. (1997) A new enteric coated preparation of omega-3 fatty acids for preventing post-surgical recurrence in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 112, A930 (abstract).
40. Stack WA, Cole AT, Makhdoom Z, et al. (1997) A randomised controlled trial of essential fatty acids (EFA) in acute ulcerative colitis (UC). Gut 40, Suppl. 1, A23 (abstract).
41. Almallah YZ, Richardson S, O'Hanrahan T, et al. (1998) Distal procto-colitis, natural cytotoxicity, and essential fatty acids. Am J Gastroenterol 93, 804-809. (Pubitemid 29063926)
42. Dichi I, Frenhane P, Dichi JB, et al. (2000) Comparison of v-3 fatty acids and sulfasalazine in ulcerative colitis. Nutrition 16, 87-90. (Pubitemid 30103707)
43. Varghese TJ, Coomansingh D, Richardson S, et al. (2000) Clinical response of ulcerative colitis with dietary omega-3 fatty acids: a double-blind randomized study. Br J Surg 87, Suppl. 1, 73 (abstract).
44. Middleton SJ, Naylor S, Woolner J, et al. (2002) A doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of essential fatty acid supplementation in the maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 16, 1131-1135. (Pubitemid 34680756)
45. Nielsen AA, Jorgensen LG, Nielsen JN, et al. (2005) Omega-3 fatty acids inhibit an increase of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with active Crohn's disease compared with omega-6 fatty acids. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 22, 1121-1128. (Pubitemid 41779520)
46. Romano C, Cucchiara S, Barabino A, et al. (2005) Usefulness of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in addtion to mesalazine in maintaining remission in pediatric Crohn's disease: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. World J Gastroenterol 11, 7118-7121. (Pubitemid 43154005)
47. Seidner DL, Lashner BA, Brzezinski A, et al. (2005) An oral supplement enriched with fish oil, soluble fiber, and antioxidants for corticosteroid sparing in ulcerative colitis: a randomized, controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 3, 358-369. (Pubitemid 40488344)
48. Feagan BG, Sandborn WJ, Mittmann U, et al. (2008) Omega-3 free fatty acids for the maintenance of remission in Crohn disease: The EPIC randomized controlled trials. JAMA 299, 1690-1697. (Pubitemid 351519866)
49. Grogan JL, Casson DH, Terry A, et al. (2011) Enteral feeding therapy for newly diagnosed pediatric Crohn's disease: A double-blind randomized controlled trial with two years follow-up. Inflamm Bowel Dis, doi: 10·1002/ibd.21690 [Epub ahead of print].
50. Kromann N & Green A (1980) Epidemiological studies in the Upernavik district. Greenland. Acta Med Scand 208, 401-406.
51. Hillier K, Jewell R, Dorrell L, et al. (1991) Incorporation of fatty acids from fish oil and olive oil into colonic mucosal lipids and effects upon eicosanoid synthesis in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 32, 1151-1155.
52. McCall TB, O'Leary D, Bloomfield J, et al. (1989) Therapeutic potential of fish oil in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 3, 415-424.
53. Vilaseca J, Salas A, Guarner F, et al. (1990) Dietary fish oil reduces progression of chronic inflammatory lesions in a rat model of granulomatous colitis. Gut 31, 539-544. (Pubitemid 20185956)
54. Nieto N, Torres MI, Rios A, et al. (2002) Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids improve histological and biochemical alterations in rats with experimental ulcerative colitis. J Nutr 132, 11-19. (Pubitemid 34042448)
55. Camuesco D, Gálvez J, Nieto A, et al. (2005) Dietary olive oil supplemented with fish oil, rich in EPA and DHA (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, attenuates colonic inflammation in rats with DSS-induced colitis. J Nutr 135, 687-694. (Pubitemid 40464089)
56. Kono H, Fujii H, Ogiku M, et al. (2010) Enteral diets enriched with medium-chain triglycerides and n-3 fatty acids prevent chemically induced experimental colitis in rats. Transl Res 156, 282-291.
57. Siguel EN & Lerman RH (1996) Prevalence of essential fatty acid deficiency in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Metabolism 45, 12-23. (Pubitemid 26104262)
58. Kuroki F, Iida M, Matsumoto T, et al. (1997) Serum n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are depleted in Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 42, 1137-1141. (Pubitemid 27343435)
59. Esteve M, Ramírez M, Fernández-Bañares F, et al. (1992) Plasma polyunsaturated fatty acid pattern in active inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 33, 1365-1369.
60. Esteve M, Núñez MC, Fernández-Bañares F, et al. (1993) Abnormal Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Pattern in Nonactive Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gut 34, 1370-1373. (Pubitemid 23293621)
61. Fernández-Bañares F, Esteve M, Mañé J, et al. (1997) Changes in mucosal fatty acid profile in inflammatory bowel disease and in experimental colitis: A common response to bowel inflammation. Clin Nutr 16, 177-183. (Pubitemid 27417597)
62. Socha P, Ryzko J, Koletzko B, et al. (2005) Essential fatty acid depletion in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 40, 573-577. (Pubitemid 40676251)
63. Figler M, Gasztonyi B, Cseh J, et al. (2007) Association of n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipid classes with inflammatory bowel diseases. Br J Nutr 97, 1154-1161. (Pubitemid 46925368)
64. Belluzzi A, Brignola C, Campieri M, et al. (1994) Effects of new fish oil derivative on fatty acid phospholipid-membrane pattern in a group of Crohn's disease patients. Dig Dis Sci 39, 2589-2594.
65. El Boustani S, Colette C, Monnier L, et al. (1987) Enteral absorption in man of eicosapentanoic acid in different chemical forms. Lipids 22, 711-714. (Pubitemid 18066900)
66. Lawson LD & Hughes BG (1988) Human absorption of fish oil fatty acids as triacylglycerols, free acids, or ethyl esters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 152, 328-335.
67. Alzoghaibi MA, Walsh SW, Willey A, et al. (2003) Linoleic acid, but not oleic acid, upregulates the production of interleukin-8 by human intestinal smooth muscle cells isolated from patients with Crohn's disease. Clin Nutr 529-535. (Pubitemid 37455719)
68. Serizawa H, Miura S, Imaeda H, et al. (1996) Reversal of altered intestinal mucosal immunity in rats fed elemental diet by supplementation of oleic acid. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 11, 811-818. (Pubitemid 26297933)
69. Sanchez-Fidalgo S, Villegas I, Cardeno A, et al. (2010) Extravirgin olive oil-enriched diet modulates DSS-colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis in mice. Clin Nutr 29, 663-673.
70. Wanten GJA & Naber AH (2004) Cellular and physiological effects of medium-chain fatty acids. Mini Rev Medic Chem 4, 847-857. (Pubitemid 39200072)
71. Tsujikawa T, Ohta N, Nakamura T, et al. (1999) Mediumchain triglycerides modulate ileitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1166-1172. (Pubitemid 30032954)
72. Tsujikawa T, Ohta N, Nakamura T, et al. (2001) Mediumchain triglyceride-rich enteral nutrition is more effective than low-fat enteral nutrition in rat colitis, but is equal in enteritis. J Gastroenterol 673-680. (Pubitemid 33040940)
73. Ohta N, Tsujikawa T, Nakamura T, et al. (2003) A comparison of the effects of medium-and long-chain triglycerides on neutrophil stimulation in experimental ileitis. J Gastroenterol 127-133. (Pubitemid 36372286)
74. Mañé J, Pedrosa E, Lorén V, et al. (2009) Partial replacement of dietary (n-6) fatty acids with medium-chain triglycerides decreases the incidence of spontaneous colitis in interleukin-10 deficient mice. J Nutr 139, 603-610.
75. Middleton SJ, Rucker JT, Kirby GA, et al. (1995) Longchain triglycerides reduce the efficacy of enteral feeds in patients with active Crohn's disease. Clin Nutr 14, 229-236.
76. Khoshoo V, Reifen R, Neuman MG, et al. (1996) Effect of low-and high-fat, peptide based diets on body composition and disease activity in adolescents with active Crohn's disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 20, 401-405. (Pubitemid 26399215)
77. Borrelli O, Cordischi L, Cirulli M, et al. (2006) Polymeric diet alone versus corticosteroids in the treatment of active pediatric Crohn's disease: A randomized controlled openlabel triald. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 744-753. (Pubitemid 43825808)