The effect of elections on postconflict peace and reconstruction

Journal of Politics

Volumn 74, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 558-570

  Flores, Thomas Edward ^a   Nooruddin, Irfan ^b  

^a GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84861072283     PISSN: 00223816     EISSN: 14682508     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022381611001733     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Ball, Nicole, with Tami Halevy. 1996. Making Peace Work: The Role of the International Development Community. Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council.
2. Bates, Robert H. 2001. Prosperity and Violence: The Political Economy of Development. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.
3. Brancati, Dawn and Jack L. Snyder. 2011. "Rushing to the Polls: The Causes of Early Post-Conflict Election." Journal of Conflict Resolution. 55 (3): 469-492.
4. Chesterman, Simon. 2004. You, the People: The United Nations, Transition Administration, and State-Building. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5. Clague, Christopher, Philip Keefer, Stephen Knack, and Mancur Olson. 1996. "Property and Contract Rights in Autocracies and Democracies." Journal of Economic Growth 1 (2): 243-76. (Pubitemid 126434927)
6. Collier, Paul. 2009. Wars, Guns and Votes: Democracy in Dangerous Places. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
7. Collier, Paul, V. L. Elliott, Ha°vard Hegre, Anke Hoeffler, Marta Reynal-Querol, and Nicholas Sambanis. 2003. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy. Washington, DC: World Bank and Oxford University Press.
8. Coyne, Christopher J. 2008. After War: The Political Economy of Exporting Democracy. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
9. Coyne, Christopher J., and Peter J. Boettke. 2009. "The Problem of Credible Commitment in Reconstruction." Journal of Institutional Economics 5 (1): 1-23.
10. de Zeeuw, Jeroen, and Krishna Kumar, eds. 2006. Promoting Democracy in Post-Conflict Societies. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.
11. Diamond, Larry. 2006. "Promoting Democracy in Post-Conflict and Failed States: Lessons and Challenges." Taiwan Journal of Democracy 2 (2): 93-116.
12. European Union (2004). European Union Election Observer Mission Final Report." December 2004. Accessed at: http://ec.europa.eu.
13. Flores, Thomas Edward, and Irfan Nooruddin. 2009a. "Democracy Under the Gun: Understanding Post-Conflict Economic Recovery." Journal of Conflict Resolution 53 (1): 3-29.
14. Flores, Thomas Edward, and Irfan Nooruddin. 2009b. "Financing the Peace: Evaluating World Bank Post-Conflict Assistance Programs." Review of International Organizations 4 (1): 1-27.
15. Fortna, Virginia P. 2008. Does Peacekeeping Work? Shaping Belligerents' Choices after Civil War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
16. Fox, Gregory H. 2003. "International Law and the Entitlement to Democracy After War." Global Governance 9 (2): 179-97. (Pubitemid 36678115)
17. Ghobarah, Hazem Adam, Paul K. Huth, and Bruce Russett. 2003. "Civil Wars Kill and Maim People-Long After the Shooting Stops." American Political Science Review 97 (2): 189-202. (Pubitemid 36737842)
18. Gleditsch, Nils Petter, Peter Wallensteen, Mikael Eriksson, Margareta Sollenberg & Ha°vard Strand. 2002. "Armed Conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset." Journal of Peace Research 39 (5): 615-637.
19. Hartzell, Caroline A., and Matthew Hoddie. 2007. Crafting Peace: Power-Sharing Institutions and the Negotiated Settlement of Civil Wars. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press.
20. Huntington, Samuel P. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
21. Hyde, Susan D. 2011. The Pseudo-Democrat's Dilemma: Why Election Monitoring Became an International Norm. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
22. Hyde, Susan D., and Nikolay Marinov. 2010. "National Elections Across Democracy and Autocracy: Which Elections Can be Lost?" Yale University. Unpublished manuscript.
23. Jarstad, Anna K., and Timothy D. Sisk, eds. 2008. From War to Democracy: Dilemmas of Peacebuilding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
24. Jensen, Nathan M. 2008. "Political Regimes and Political Risk: Democratic Institutions and Expropriation Risk for Multinational Investors." Journal of Politics 70 (4): 1040-52.
25. Kang, Seonjou, and James Meernik. 2004. "Determinants of Postconflict Economic Assistance." Journal of Peace Research 41 (2): 149-66.
26. Kang, Seonjou, and James Meernik. 2005. "Civil War Destruction and the Prospects for Economic Growth." Journal of Politics 67 (1): 88-109. (Pubitemid 41602121)
27. Keefer, Philip. 2008. "Insurgency and Credible Commitment in Autocracies and Democracies." World Bank Economic Review 22 (1): 33-61.
28. Kreutz, Joakim, and Andrew Mack. 2005. "UCDP Conflict Termination Project and Civil War Data." Available from Uppsala Conflict Database Project.
29. Licklider, Roy. 1995. "The Consequences of Negotiated Settlements in Civil Wars, 1945-1993." American Political Science Review 89 (3): 681-90.
30. Lyons, Terrence. 1999. Voting for Peace: post-conflict Elections in Liberia. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
31. Lyons, Terrence. 2004. "Post-conflict Elections and the Process of Demilitarizing Politics: The Role of Electoral Administration." Democratization 11 (3): 36-62. (Pubitemid 38847551)
32. Malloch Brown, Mark. 2003. "Democratic governance: Toward a Framework for Sustainable Peace." Global Governance 9 (2): 141-46.
33. Mansfield, Edward D., and Jack Snyder. 1995. "Democratization and War." Foreign Affairs 74 (3): 79-97.
34. Mansfield, Edward D., and Jack Snyder. 2002. "Democratic Transitions, Institutional Strength, and War." International Organization 56 (2): 297-337.
35. Mattes, Michaela, and Burcu Savun. 2009. "Fostering Peace after Civil War: Commitment Problems and Agreement Design." International Studies Quarterly 53: 733-55.
36. McNeil, Jr, Donald G. 1997. "Under the World's Eye, Postwar Liberia Goes to the Polls." The New York Times. July 20.
37. Newman, Edward, and Roland Rich, eds. 2004. The UN Role in Promoting Democracy: Between Ideals and Reality. Tokyo: United Nations, University Press.
38. Noel, Sid, ed. 2005. From Power Sharing to Democracy: Postconflict Institutions in Ethnically Divided Societies. Montreal: McGill-Queen's, University Press.
39. Nooruddin, Irfan. 2011. Coalition Politics and Economic Development: Credibility and the Strength of Weak Governments. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
40. Ottaway,Marina. 2003. "Promoting Democracy After Conflict: The Difficult Choices." International Studies Perspectives 4: 314-22.
41. Paris, Roland. 2004. At War's End: Building Peace After Civil Conflict. New York: Cambridge University Press.
42. Posen, Barry. 1993. "The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict." Survival 35 (1): 27-47.
43. Quinn, J. Michael, T. David Mason, and Mehmet Gurses. 2007. "Sustaining the Peace: Determinants of Civil War Recurrence." International Interactions 33: 167-93.
44. Reilly, Benjamin. 2003. "Post-Conflict Elections: Constraints and Dangers." International Peacekeeping 9 (2): 118-39.
45. Reilly, Benjamin. 2004. "Elections in Post-Conflict Societies." In From War to Democracy: Dilemmas of Peacebuilding, ed. Edward Newman and Roland Rich. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 113-34.
46. Reilly, Benjamin. 2008. "Post-conflict Elections: Uncertain Turning Points of Transition." In War-to-Democracy Transitions: Dilemmas of Democratization and Peacebuilding in War-Torn Societies, ed. Anna Jarstad and Timothy D. Sisk. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 157-81.
47. Savun, Burcu, and Daniel C. Tirone. 2011. "Foreign Aid, Democratization, and Civil Conflict: How does Democracy Aid affect Civil Conflict?" American Journal of Political Science 55: 233-46.
48. Schultz, Kenneth. 1998. "Domestic Opposition and Signaling in International Crises." American Political Science Review 92 (4): 829-44. (Pubitemid 128185281)
49. Synge, Richard. 1997. Mozambique: UN Peacekeeping in Action: 1992-1994. Washington, DC: USIP Press.
50. Tanner, Victor. 1998. "Liberia: Railroading Peace." Review of African Political Economy 25 (75): 133-47.
51. USAID. 2005. Post-Conflict Elections and Democratization: An Experience Review. Issue Paper No. 8 (May). Washington, DC: Department of State.
52. Walter, Barbara F. 1997. "The Critical Barrier to Civil War Settlement." International Organization 51 (3): 335-364.
53. Walter, Barbara F. 1999. "Designing Transitions from Civil War: Demobilization, Democratization, and Commitments to Peace." International Security 24 (1): 127-55.
54. World Bank. 2006a. World Development Indicators, 2006. CD-ROM.
55. World Bank. 2006b. Post-Conflict Fund and LICUS Trust Fund: Annual Report-Fiscal Year 2005. Washington, DC: World Bank.