메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 1694-1703

Epigenetic changes in fetal hypothalamic energy regulating pathways are associated with maternal undernutrition and twinning

Author keywords

Glucocorticoid receptor; Methylation analysis; Proopiomelanocortin

Indexed keywords

DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN;

EID: 84860912504     PISSN: 08926638     EISSN: 15306860     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-198762     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (104)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0026772772 scopus 로고
    • Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: The thrifty phenotype hypothesis
    • Hales, C. N., and Barker, D. J. (1992) Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Diabetologia 35, 595-601
    • (1992) Diabetologia , vol.35 , pp. 595-601
    • Hales, C.N.1    Barker, D.J.2
  • 2
    • 46449087037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease
    • Gluckman, P. D., Hanson, M. A., Cooper, C., and Thornburg, K. L. (2008) Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 359, 61-73
    • (2008) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.359 , pp. 61-73
    • Gluckman, P.D.1    Hanson, M.A.2    Cooper, C.3    Thornburg, K.L.4
  • 3
    • 34247168615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The origins of the developmental origins theory
    • Barker, D. J. (2007) The origins of the developmental origins theory. J. Intern. Med. 261, 412-417
    • (2007) J. Intern. Med. , vol.261 , pp. 412-417
    • Barker, D.J.1
  • 4
    • 0035704552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thrifty phenotype hypothesis
    • DOI 10.1093/bmb/60.1.5
    • Hales, C. N., and Barker, D. J. (2001) The thrifty phenotype hypothesis. Br. Med. Bull. 60, 5-20 (Pubitemid 34123501)
    • (2001) British Medical Bulletin , vol.60 , pp. 5-20
    • Hales, C.N.1    Barker, D.J.P.2
  • 6
    • 77956261336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of the birth weight-obesity relation using a longitudinal cohort and sibling and twin pairs
    • The, N. S., Adair, L. S., and Gordon-Larsen, P. (2010) A study of the birth weight-obesity relation using a longitudinal cohort and sibling and twin pairs. Am. J. Epidemiol. 172, 549-557
    • (2010) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.172 , pp. 549-557
    • The, N.S.1    Adair, L.S.2    Gordon-Larsen, P.3
  • 7
    • 65349150026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periconceptional undernutrition of ewes impairs glucose tolerance in their adult offspring
    • Todd, S. E., Oliver, M. H., Jaquiery, A. L., Bloomfield, F. H., and Harding, J. E. (2009) Periconceptional undernutrition of ewes impairs glucose tolerance in their adult offspring. Pediatr. Res. 65, 409-413
    • (2009) Pediatr. Res. , vol.65 , pp. 409-413
    • Todd, S.E.1    Oliver, M.H.2    Jaquiery, A.L.3    Bloomfield, F.H.4    Harding, J.E.5
  • 8
    • 3042808727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the early growth of twins and singletons
    • DOI 10.1080/03014460410001670120
    • Buckler, J. M., and Green, M. (2004) A comparison of the early growth of twins and singletons. Ann. Hum. Biol. 31, 311-332 (Pubitemid 38852075)
    • (2004) Annals of Human Biology , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 311-332
    • Buckler, J.M.H.1    Green, M.2
  • 10
    • 0030980023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low birth weight is associated with NIDDM in discordant monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs
    • DOI 10.1007/s001250050698
    • Poulsen, P., Vaag, A. A., Kyvik, K. O., Moller Jensen, D., and Beck-Nielsen, H. (1997) Low birth weight is associated with NIDDM in discordant monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. Diabetologia 40, 439-446 (Pubitemid 27132614)
    • (1997) Diabetologia , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 439-446
    • Poulsen, P.1    Vaag, A.A.2    Kyvik, K.O.3    Moller, J.D.4    Beck-Nielsen, H.5
  • 11
    • 67650245573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-dependent nongenetic influences of birth weight and adult body fat on insulin sensitivity in twins
    • Monrad, R. N., Grunnet, L. G., Rasmussen, E. L., Malis, C., Vaag, A., and Poulsen, P. (2009) Age-dependent nongenetic influences of birth weight and adult body fat on insulin sensitivity in twins. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 2394-2399
    • (2009) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.94 , pp. 2394-2399
    • Monrad, R.N.1    Grunnet, L.G.2    Rasmussen, E.L.3    Malis, C.4    Vaag, A.5    Poulsen, P.6
  • 12
    • 0025038674 scopus 로고
    • Altered expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNAs in food-restricted and food-deprived rats
    • Brady, L. S., Smith, M. A., Gold, P. W., and Herkenham, M. (1990) Altered expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNAs in food-restricted and food-deprived rats. Neuroendocrinology 52, 441-447 (Pubitemid 20366597)
    • (1990) Neuroendocrinology , vol.52 , Issue.5 , pp. 441-447
    • Brady, L.S.1    Smith, M.A.2    Gold, P.W.3    Herkenham, M.4
  • 13
    • 0031964236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid regulation of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin
    • DOI 10.1159/000054298
    • Wardlaw, S. L., McCarthy, K. C., and Conwell, I. M. (1998) Glucocorticoid regulation of hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin. Neuroendocrinology 67, 51-57 (Pubitemid 28039380)
    • (1998) Neuroendocrinology , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-57
    • Wardlaw, S.L.1    McCarthy, K.C.2    Conwell, I.M.3
  • 14
    • 0023779936 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid regulation of proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid content of rat hypothalamus
    • Beaulieu, S., Gagne, B., and Barden, N. (1988) Glucocorticoid regulation of proopiomelanocortin messenger ribonucleic acid content of rat hypothalamus. Mol. Endocrinol. 2, 727-731
    • (1988) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.2 , pp. 727-731
    • Beaulieu, S.1    Gagne, B.2    Barden, N.3
  • 15
    • 0033305160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective dependence of intracerebroventricular neuropeptide Y-elicited effects on central glucocorticoids
    • Zakrzewska, K. E., Sainsbury, A., Cusin, I., Rouru, J., Jeanrenaud, B., and Rohner-Jeanrenaud, F. (1999) Selective dependence of intracerebroventricular neuropeptide Y-elicited effects on central glucocorticoids. Endocrinology 140, 3183-3187 (Pubitemid 30650635)
    • (1999) Endocrinology , vol.140 , Issue.7 , pp. 3183-3187
    • Zakrzewska, K.E.1    Sainsbury, A.2    Cusin, I.3    Rouru, J.4    Jeanrenaud, B.5    Rohner-Jeanrenaud, F.6
  • 16
    • 38549134585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal perinatal undernutrition drastically reduces postnatal leptin surge and affects the development of arcuate nucleus proopiomelanocortin neurons in neonatal male rat pups
    • DOI 10.1210/en.2007-1263
    • Delahaye, F., Breton, C., Risold, P. Y., Enache, M., Dutriez-Casteloot, I., Laborie, C., Lesage, J., and Vieau, D. (2008) Maternal perinatal undernutrition drastically reduces postnatal leptin surge and affects the development of arcuate nucleus proopiomelanocortin neurons in neonatal male rat pups. Endocrinology 149, 470-475 (Pubitemid 351159317)
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , Issue.2 , pp. 470-475
    • Delahaye, F.1    Breton, C.2    Risold, P.-Y.3    Enache, M.4    Dutriez-Casteloot, I.5    Laborie, C.6    Lesage, J.7    Vieau, D.8
  • 17
    • 74949087038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional programming affects hypothalamic organization and early response to leptin
    • Coupe, B., Amarger, V., Grit, I., Benani, A., and Parnet, P. (2010) Nutritional programming affects hypothalamic organization and early response to leptin. Endocrinology 151, 702-713
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , pp. 702-713
    • Coupe, B.1    Amarger, V.2    Grit, I.3    Benani, A.4    Parnet, P.5
  • 20
    • 68149116187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional models of the developmental programming of adult health and disease
    • Symonds, M. E., and Budge, H. (2009) Nutritional models of the developmental programming of adult health and disease. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 68, 173-178
    • (2009) Proc. Nutr. Soc. , vol.68 , pp. 173-178
    • Symonds, M.E.1    Budge, H.2
  • 21
    • 77954890700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic changes in the hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin and glucocorticoid receptor genes in the ovine fetus after periconceptional undernutrition
    • Stevens, A., Begum, G., Cook, A., Connor, K., Rumball, C., Oliver, M., Challis, J., Bloomfield, F., and White, A. (2010) Epigenetic changes in the hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin and glucocorticoid receptor genes in the ovine fetus after periconceptional undernutrition. Endocrinology 151, 3652-3664
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , pp. 3652-3664
    • Stevens, A.1    Begum, G.2    Cook, A.3    Connor, K.4    Rumball, C.5    Oliver, M.6    Challis, J.7    Bloomfield, F.8    White, A.9
  • 23
    • 79951720177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pituitary-specific enhancer of the POMC gene with preferential activity in corticotrope cells
    • Langlais, D., Couture, C., Sylvain-Drolet, G., and Drouin, J. (2011) A pituitary-specific enhancer of the POMC gene with preferential activity in corticotrope cells. Mol. Endocrinol. 25, 348-359
    • (2011) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.25 , pp. 348-359
    • Langlais, D.1    Couture, C.2    Sylvain-Drolet, G.3    Drouin, J.4
  • 24
    • 16244381143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of neuronal enhancers of the proopiomelanocortin gene by transgenic mouse analysis and phylogenetic footprinting
    • DOI 10.1128/MCB.25.8.3076-3086.2005
    • De Souza, F. S., Santangelo, A. M., Bumaschny, V., Avale, M. E., Smart, J. L., Low, M. J., and Rubinstein, M. (2005) Identification of neuronal enhancers of the proopiomelanocortin gene by transgenic mouse analysis and phylogenetic footprinting. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 3076-3086 (Pubitemid 40464311)
    • (2005) Molecular and Cellular Biology , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 3076-3086
    • De Souza, F.S.J.1    Santangelo, A.M.2    Bumaschny, V.3    Avale, M.E.4    Smart, J.L.5    Low, M.J.6    Rubinstein, M.7
  • 25
    • 56749169163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conserved molecular mechanism is responsible for the auto-up-regulation of glucocorticoid receptor gene promoters
    • Geng, C. D., Schwartz, J. R., and Vedeckis, W. V. (2008) A conserved molecular mechanism is responsible for the auto-up-regulation of glucocorticoid receptor gene promoters. Mol. Endocrinol. 22, 2624-2642
    • (2008) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.22 , pp. 2624-2642
    • Geng, C.D.1    Schwartz, J.R.2    Vedeckis, W.V.3
  • 26
    • 77957970301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic modifications and human disease
    • Portela, A., and Esteller, M. (2010) Epigenetic modifications and human disease. Nat. Biotechnol. 28, 1057-1068
    • (2010) Nat. Biotechnol. , vol.28 , pp. 1057-1068
    • Portela, A.1    Esteller, M.2
  • 27
    • 34249026300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-Resolution Profiling of Histone Methylations in the Human Genome
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.05.009, PII S0092867407006009
    • Barski, A., Cuddapah, S., Cui, K., Roh, T. Y., Schones, D. E., Wang, Z., Wei, G., Chepelev, I., and Zhao, K. (2007) High-resolution profiling of histone methylations in the human genome. Cell 129, 823-837 (Pubitemid 46802390)
    • (2007) Cell , vol.129 , Issue.4 , pp. 823-837
    • Barski, A.1    Cuddapah, S.2    Cui, K.3    Roh, T.-Y.4    Schones, D.E.5    Wang, Z.6    Wei, G.7    Chepelev, I.8    Zhao, K.9
  • 28
    • 34249299791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The complex language of chromatin regulation during transcription
    • Berger, S. L. (2007) The complex language of chromatin regulation during transcription. Nature 447, 407-412
    • (2007) Nature , vol.447 , pp. 407-412
    • Berger, S.L.1
  • 29
    • 79955939344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic changes in the hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin gene: A mechanism linking maternal undernutrition to obesity in the offspring?
    • Stevens, A., Begum, G., and White, A. (2011) Epigenetic changes in the hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin gene: a mechanism linking maternal undernutrition to obesity in the offspring? Eur. J. Pharmacol. 660, 194-201
    • (2011) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.660 , pp. 194-201
    • Stevens, A.1    Begum, G.2    White, A.3
  • 30
    • 0031889008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the pituitary adrenal axis in fetal sheep twins
    • Schwartz, J., and Rose, J. C. (1998) Development of the pituitary adrenal axis in fetal sheep twins. Am. J. Physiol. 274, R1-R8
    • (1998) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.274
    • Schwartz, J.1    Rose, J.C.2
  • 31
    • 0024265001 scopus 로고
    • Direct measurement of the precursors of adrenocorticotropin in human plasma by two-site immunoradiometric assay
    • Crosby, S. R., Stewart, M. F., Ratcliffe, J. G., and White, A. (1988) Direct measurement of the precursors of adrenocorticotropin in human plasma by two-site immunoradiometric assay. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 67, 1272-1277 (Pubitemid 19012964)
    • (1988) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.67 , Issue.6 , pp. 1272-1277
    • Crosby, S.R.1    Steward, M.F.2    Ratcliffe, J.G.3    White, A.4
  • 33
    • 0035710746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -deltadeltaCT method
    • DOI 10.1006/meth.2001.1262
    • Livak, K. J., and Schmittgen, T. D. (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2[-delta delta C(T)] method. Methods 25, 402-408 (Pubitemid 34164012)
    • (2001) Methods , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 402-408
    • Livak, K.J.1    Schmittgen, T.D.2
  • 36
    • 33846862405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-throughput mapping of the chromatin structure of human promoters
    • DOI 10.1038/nbt1279, PII NBT1279
    • Ozsolak, F., Song, J. S., Liu, X. S., and Fisher, D. E. (2007) High-throughput mapping of the chromatin structure of human promoters. Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 244-248 (Pubitemid 46227125)
    • (2007) Nature Biotechnology , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 244-248
    • Ozsolak, F.1    Song, J.S.2    Liu, X.S.3    Fisher, D.E.4
  • 39
    • 77956189840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CTCF shapes chromatin by multiple mechanisms: The impact of 20 years of CTCF research on understanding the workings of chromatin
    • Ohlsson, R., Bartkuhn, M., and Renkawitz, R. (2010) CTCF shapes chromatin by multiple mechanisms: the impact of 20 years of CTCF research on understanding the workings of chromatin. Chromosoma 119, 351-360
    • (2010) Chromosoma , vol.119 , pp. 351-360
    • Ohlsson, R.1    Bartkuhn, M.2    Renkawitz, R.3
  • 40
    • 78650747491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery and characterization of chromatin states for systematic annotation of the human genome
    • Ernst, J., and Kellis, M. (2010) Discovery and characterization of chromatin states for systematic annotation of the human genome. Nat. Biotechnol. 28, 817-825
    • (2010) Nat. Biotechnol. , vol.28 , pp. 817-825
    • Ernst, J.1    Kellis, M.2
  • 42
    • 33847076246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic and Epigenetic Regulators of Pluripotency
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.010, PII S0092867407001912
    • Surani, M. A., Hayashi, K., and Hajkova, P. (2007) Genetic and epigenetic regulators of pluripotency. Cell 128, 747-762 (Pubitemid 46273582)
    • (2007) Cell , vol.128 , Issue.4 , pp. 747-762
    • Surani, M.A.1    Hayashi, K.2    Hajkova, P.3
  • 44
    • 72949099235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic responses to environmental change and their evolutionary implications
    • Turner, B. M. (2009) Epigenetic responses to environmental change and their evolutionary implications. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 364, 3403-3418
    • (2009) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. , vol.364 , pp. 3403-3418
    • Turner, B.M.1
  • 45
    • 0037701826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proopiomelanocortin gene expression and DNA methylation: Implications for Cushing's syndrome and beyond
    • Newell-Price, J. (2003) Proopiomelanocortin gene expression and DNA methylation: implications for Cushing's syndrome and beyond. J. Endocrinol. 177, 365-372
    • (2003) J. Endocrinol. , vol.177 , pp. 365-372
    • Newell-Price, J.1
  • 46
    • 34247136384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techniques used in studies of epigenome dysregulation due to aberrant DNA methylation: An emphasis on fetal-based adult diseases
    • Ho, S. M., and Tang, W. Y. (2007) Techniques used in studies of epigenome dysregulation due to aberrant DNA methylation: an emphasis on fetal-based adult diseases. Reprod. Toxicol. 23, 267-282
    • (2007) Reprod. Toxicol. , vol.23 , pp. 267-282
    • Ho, S.M.1    Tang, W.Y.2
  • 47
    • 0027356234 scopus 로고
    • DNA methylation and embryogenesis
    • Razin, A., and Cedar, H. (1993) DNA methylation and embryogenesis. EXS 64, 343-357
    • (1993) EXS , vol.64 , pp. 343-357
    • Razin, A.1    Cedar, H.2
  • 48
    • 34247337735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal influences on susceptibility to diet-induced obesity are mediated by altered neuroendocrine gene expression
    • DOI 10.1677/joe.1.07017
    • Ikenasio-Thorpe, B. A., Breier, B. H., Vickers, M. H., and Fraser, M. (2007) Prenatal influences on susceptibility to diet-induced obesity are mediated by altered neuroendocrine gene expression. J. Endocrinol. 193, 31-37 (Pubitemid 46638529)
    • (2007) Journal of Endocrinology , vol.193 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-37
    • Ikenasio-Thorpe, B.A.1    Breier, B.H.2    Vickers, M.H.3    Fraser, M.4
  • 49
    • 79959879208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central insulin and leptin-mediated autonomic control of glucose homeostasis
    • Marino, J. S., Xu, Y., and Hill, J. W. (2011) Central insulin and leptin-mediated autonomic control of glucose homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 22, 275-285
    • (2011) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.22 , pp. 275-285
    • Marino, J.S.1    Xu, Y.2    Hill, J.W.3
  • 50
    • 0036190875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PROMO: Detection of known transcription regulatory elements using species-tailored searches
    • Messeguer, X., Escudero, R., Farre, D., Nunez, O., Martinez, J., and Alba, M. M. (2002) PROMO: detection of known transcription regulatory elements using species-tailored searches. Bioinformatics 18, 333-334 (Pubitemid 34183117)
    • (2002) Bioinformatics , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 333-334
    • Messeguer, X.1    Escudero, R.2    Farre, D.3    Nunez, O.4    Martinez, J.5    Alba, M.M.6
  • 51
    • 0042622245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of patterns in biological sequences at the ALGGEN server: PROMO and MALGEN
    • DOI 10.1093/nar/gkg605
    • Farre, D., Roset, R., Huerta, M., Adsuara, J. E., Rosello, L., Alba, M. M., and Messeguer, X. (2003) Identification of patterns in biological sequences at the ALGGEN server: PROMO and MALGEN. Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 3651-3653 (Pubitemid 37442215)
    • (2003) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.31 , Issue.13 , pp. 3651-3653
    • Farre, D.1    Roset, R.2    Huerta, M.3    Adsuara, J.E.4    Rosello, L.5    Alba, M.M.6    Messeguer, X.7
  • 52
    • 0036240298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of maternal undernutrition during the periconceptional period, fetal number, and fetal sex on the development of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis in sheep during late gestation
    • Edwards, L. J., and McMillen, I. C. (2002) Impact of maternal undernutrition during the periconceptional period, fetal number, and fetal sex on the development of the hypothalamopituitary adrenal axis in sheep during late gestation. Biol. Reprod. 66, 1562-1569 (Pubitemid 34462304)
    • (2002) Biology of Reproduction , vol.66 , Issue.5 , pp. 1562-1569
    • Edwards, L.J.1    McMillen, I.C.2
  • 53
    • 73449135780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different periods of periconceptional undernutrition have different effects on growth, metabolic and endocrine status in fetal sheep
    • Rumball, C. W., Bloomfield, F. H., Oliver, M. H., and Harding, J. E. (2009) Different periods of periconceptional undernutrition have different effects on growth, metabolic and endocrine status in fetal sheep. Pediatr. Res. 66, 605-613
    • (2009) Pediatr. Res. , vol.66 , pp. 605-613
    • Rumball, C.W.1    Bloomfield, F.H.2    Oliver, M.H.3    Harding, J.E.4
  • 54
    • 40049101847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of twin pregnancy and periconceptional undernutrition on maternal metabolism, fetal growth and glucose-insulin axis function in ovine pregnancy
    • DOI 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.144071
    • Rumball, C. W., Harding, J. E., Oliver, M. H., and Bloomfield, F. H. (2008) Effects of twin pregnancy and periconceptional undernutrition on maternal metabolism, fetal growth and glucose-insulin axis function in ovine pregnancy. J. Physiol. 586, 1399-1411 (Pubitemid 351321276)
    • (2008) Journal of Physiology , vol.586 , Issue.5 , pp. 1399-1411
    • Rumball, C.W.H.1    Harding, J.E.2    Oliver, M.H.3    Bloomfield, F.H.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.