Forgiveness and spirituality in organizational life: Theory, status of research, and new ideas for discovery

Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 119-134

  Worthington, Everett L ^a   Greer, Chelsea L ^a   Hook, Joshua N ^a   Davis, Don E ^a   Gartner, Aubrey L ^a   Jennings, David J ^a   Norton, Lucy ^a   Van Tongeren, Daryl R ^a   Greer, Todd W ^b   Toussaint, Loren ^c  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b REGENT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c LUTHER COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Communication; Conflict; Forgiveness; Reconciliation; Sacred; Spirituality

Indexed keywords

EID: 84860868336     PISSN: 14766086     EISSN: 1942258X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14766081003765273     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Aquino, K. and Thau, S. 2009. Workplace victimization: Aggression from the target's perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 717-741.
2. Aquino, K., Glover, S.L., Goldman, B. and Folger, R. 2003. When push doesn't come to shove: Interpersonal forgiveness in workplace relationships. Journal of Management Inquiry, 12, 209-216.
3. Aquino, K., Tripp, T.M. and Bies, R.J. 2006. Getting even or moving on? Power, procedural justice, and types of offense as predictors of revenge, forgiveness, reconciliation, and avoidance in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 653-668.
4. Barling, J., Dupre, K.E. and Kelloway, E.K. 2009. Predicting workplace aggression and violence. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 671-692.
5. Berry, C.M., Ones, D.S. and Sackett, P.R. 2007. Interpersonal deviance, organizational deviance, and their common correlates: a review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 410-424.
6. Boccato, G., Capozza, D., Falvo, R. and Durante, F. 2008. The missing link: Ingroup, outgroup and the human species. Social Cognition, 26, 224-234.
7. Bradfield, M. and Aquino, K. 1999. The effects of blame attributions and offender like-ableness on forgiveness and revenge in the workplace. Journal of Management, 25, 607-631.
8. Brewer, M.B. 1979. In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324.
9. Cropanzano, R., Byrne, Z.S., Bobocel, D.R. and Rupp, D.E. 2001. Moral virtues, fairness heuristics, social entities, and other denizens of organizational justice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58, 164-209.
10. Davis, D.E., Hook, J.N. and Worthington, E.L., Jr. 2008. Relational spirituality and forgiveness: The roles of attachment to God, religious coping, and viewing the transgression as a desecration. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 27, 293-301.
11. De Dreu, C.K.W. 2008. The virtue and vice of workplace conflict: Food for (pessimistic) thought. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29(1), 5-18.
12. Elovainio, M., Kivimaki, M., Vahtera, J., Virtanen, M. and Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L. 2003. Personality as a moderator in the relations between perceptions of organizational justice and sickness absence. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 379-395.
13. Exline, J.J., Worthington, E.L., Jr., Hill, P.C. and McCullough, M.E. 2003. Forgiveness and justice: A research agenda for social and personality psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7, 337-348.
14. Giebels, E. and Janssen, O. 2005. Conflict stress and reduced well-being at work: The buffering effect of third-party help. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14, 137-155.
15. Haidt, J., Rozin, P., McCauley, C.R. and Imada, S. 1997. Body, psyche, and culture: The relationship between disgust and morality. Psychology and Developing Societies, 9, 107-131.
16. Herschcovis, M.S., Turner, N., Barling, J., Arnold, K.A., Dupré, K.E., Inness, M., LeBlanc, M.M. and Sivanathan, N. 2007. Predicting workplace aggression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 228-238.
17. Hill, P.C., Exline, J.J. and Cohen, A.B. 2005. The social psychology of justice and forgiveness in civil and organizational settings. In: E.L. Worthington, Jr., ed. Handbook of forgiveness. New York: Brunner-Routledge, 477-490.
18. Judge, T., LePine, J. and Rich, B. 2006. Loving yourself abundantly: Relationship of the narcissistic personality to self-and other perceptions of workplace deviance, leadership, and task and contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 762-776.
19. Keltner, D. and Haidt, J. 2003. Approaching awe, a moral, spiritual, and aesthetic emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 17(2), 297-314.
20. Kirkpatrick, L.A. 2005. Attachment, evolution, and the psychology of religion. New York: Guilford Press.
21. Little, L.M., Simmons, B.L. and Nelson, D.L. 2007. Health among leaders: Positive and negative affect, engagement and burnout, forgiveness and revenge. Journal of Management Studies, 44(2), 243-260.
22. Luskin, F., Aberman, R. and DeLorenzo, A.E., Sr. The training of emotional competence in financial services advisors. http://learningtoforgive. com/researchfiles/research6.htm [Accessed September 6, 2009].
23. McCullough, M.E. 2008. Beyond revenge: The evolution of the forgiveness instinct. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
24. McCullough, M.E., Pargament, K.I. and Thoresen, C.E., eds. 2000. Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice. New York: Guilford Press.
25. McCullough, M.E. and Worthington, E.L. Jr. 1999. Religion and the forgiving personality. Journal of Personality, 67, 1141-1164.
26. Mullet, E., Neto, F. and Riviere, S. 2005. Personality and its effects on resentment, revenge, and forgiveness and on self-forgiveness. In: E.L. Worthington, Jr., ed. Handbook of forgiveness. New York: Brunner-Routledge, 159-182.
27. Narayanan, L., Menon, S. and Spector, P.E. 1999. Stress in the workplace: A comparison of gender and occupations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20, 63-73.
28. Pargament, K.I., Magyar, G.M., Benore, E. and Mahoney, A. 2005. Sacrilege: A study of sacred loss and desecration and their implications for health and well-being in a community sample. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 44, 59-78.
29. Park, C.L. and Ai, A.L. 2006. Meaning making and growth: New directions for research on survivors of trauma. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 11, 389-407.
30. Schönbach, P., 1990. Account episodes: The management or escalation of conflict. New York: Cambridge University Press.
31. Shults, F.L. and Sandage, S.J. 2006. Transforming spirituality: Integrating theology and psychology. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic.
32. Skarlicki, D.P. and Folger, R., 1997. Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 434-443.
33. Struthers, C.W., Dupuis, R. and Eaton, J. 2005. Promoting forgiveness among co-workers following a workplace transgression: The effects of social motivation training. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 37(4), 299-308.
34. Wade, N.G. and Worthington, E.L., Jr. 2003. Overcoming interpersonal offenses: Is forgiveness the only way to deal with unforgiveness? Journal of Counseling and Development, 81, 343-353.
35. Wohl, M.J. and Branscombe, N.R. 2005. Forgiveness and collective guilt assignment to historical perpetrator groups depend on level of social category inclusiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(2), 288-303.
36. Worthington, E.L., Jr., 1988. Understanding the values of religious clients: A model and its application to counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35, 166-174.
37. Worthington, E.L., Jr., ed. 2005. Handbook of forgiveness. New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
38. Worthington, E.L., Jr. 2006. Forgiveness and reconciliation: Theory and application. New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
39. Worthington, E.L., Jr. 2009. A just forgiveness: Responsible healing without excusing injustice. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
40. Worthington, E.L., Jr., Berry, J.W., Shivy, V.A. and Brownstein, E. 2005. Forgiveness and positive psychology in business ethics and corporate social responsibility. In: R.A. Giacalone, C. Dunn and C.L. Jurkiewicz, eds. Positive psychology in business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, pp. 265-284.
41. Worthington, E.L., Jr. and Sotoohi, G. In press. Physiological assessment of forgiveness, grudges, and revenge: Theories, research methods, and implications. In: F. Columbus, ed. Psychophysiology: Psychological, psychiatric, cognitive, social and neuroscience aspects. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, in press.
42. Worthington, E.L., Jr. and Wade, N.G., 1999. The social psychology of unforgiveness and forgiveness and implications for clinical practice. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18, 385-418.
43. Worthington, E.L., Jr., Witvliet, C.V.O., Pietrini, P. and Miller, A.J. 2007. Forgiveness, health, and well-being: A review of evidence for emotional versus decisional forgiveness, dispositional forgivingness, and reduced unforgiveness. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, 291-302.
44. Zapf, D. and Gross, C. 2001. Conflict escalation and coping with workplace bullying: A replication and extension. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 497-522.