메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 60, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 11-33

Changes in structure and composition of evergreen forests on an altitudinal gradient in the Venezuelan Guayana Shield

Author keywords

Altitudinal gradient; Floristic composition; Forest structure; Venezuelan Guayana

Indexed keywords


EID: 84860589054     PISSN: 00347744     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v60i1.2360     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (22)

References (123)
  • 1
    • 69249238910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparación de la gravedad específica y características anatómicas de la madera de dos comunidades vegetales en México
    • UNAM
    • Aguilar-Rodríguez, S., L. Abundiz-Bonilla & J. Barajas- Morales. 2001. Comparación de la gravedad específica y características anatómicas de la madera de dos comunidades vegetales en México. Anales del Instituto de Biología UNAM 72: 171-185.
    • (2001) Anales del Instituto de Biología , vol.72 , pp. 171-185
    • Aguilar-Rodríguez, S.1    Abundiz-Bonilla, L.2    Barajas-Morales, J.3
  • 4
    • 0001478533 scopus 로고
    • Climax vegetation in tropical America
    • Beard, J.S. 1944. Climax Vegetation in Tropical America. Ecology 25: 127-158.
    • (1944) Ecology , vol.25 , pp. 127-158
    • Beard, J.S.1
  • 6
    • 84871355872 scopus 로고
    • Estudio botánico-forestal de las Selvas Pluviales del Río Apacará, región de Urimán, estado Bolívar
    • Bemardi, A.L. 1957. Estudio botánico-forestal de las Selvas Pluviales del Río Apacará, región de Urimán, estado Bolívar. Publ. Dir. Cult. Univ. de los Andes 63: 150.
    • (1957) Publ. Dir. Cult. Univ. de los Andes , vol.63 , pp. 150
    • Bemardi, A.L.1
  • 7
    • 84860587640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working paper for the floristic group during the Guayana Shield Conservation Prority Setting Workshop. Conservation International. UNDP. UICN-Netheriands, Paramaribo, Surinam
    • Berry, P. 2002. Floristics of the Guayana Shield. Working paper for the floristic group during the Guayana Shield Conservation Prority Setting Workshop. Conservation International. UNDP. UICN-Netheriands, Paramaribo, Surinam.
    • (2002) Floristics of the Guayana Shield
    • Berry, P.1
  • 8
    • 0000017012 scopus 로고
    • Floristic analysis and phytogeography
    • R Berry, B. Hoist & K. Yatskievych (eds.): Introduction. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis and Timber, Portland, Oregon. USA
    • Berry, P., O. Huber & B. Hoist. 1995. Floristic analysis and phytogeography, p. 161-192. In R Berry, B. Hoist & K. Yatskievych (eds.). Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. I: Introduction. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis and Timber, Portland, Oregon. USA.
    • (1995) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana , vol.1 , pp. 161-192
    • Berry, P.1    Huber, O.2    Hoist, B.3
  • 11
    • 33845473904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional and phylogenetic variation of wood density across 2456 neotropical tree species
    • DOI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2356:RAPVOW]2.0.CO;2
    • Chave, J., H. Muller-Landau, T. Baker, T. Easdale, H. ter Steege & C. Web. 2006. Regional and phylogenetic variation of wood density across 2456 neotropical tree species. Ecol. Appl. 16: 2356-2367. (Pubitemid 44917592)
    • (2006) Ecological Applications , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 2356-2367
    • Chave, J.1    Muller-Landau, H.C.2    Baker, T.R.3    Easdale, T.A.4    Hans Steege, T.E.R.5    Webb, C.O.6
  • 12
    • 0028974452 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of neotropical tree and liana species richness from soil and climatic data
    • Clinebell, R., O. Phillips, A. Gentry, N. Stark & H. Zuuring. 1995 Prediction of neotropical tree and liana species richness from soil and climatic data. Biodiversity Conserv. 4: 56-90.
    • (1995) Biodiversity Conserv. , vol.4 , pp. 56-90
    • Clinebell, R.1    Phillips, O.2    Gentry, A.3    Stark, N.4    Zuuring, H.5
  • 14
    • 0030304884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciesarea and species -individual relationships for tropical trees - A comparison of three 50 ha plots
    • Condit, R., S. Hubbell, J.V. Lafrankie, R. Sukumar, N. Manokaran, R. Foster & P.S. Ashton. 1996. Speciesarea and species -individual relationships for tropical trees-a comparison of three 50 ha plots. J. Ecol. 84: 549-562.
    • (1996) J. Ecol. , vol.84 , pp. 549-562
    • Condit, R.1    Hubbell, S.2    Lafrankie, J.V.3    Sukumar, R.4    Manokaran, N.5    Foster, R.6    Ashton, P.S.7
  • 15
    • 84871354351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CVG-TECMIN. 1987. Proyecto Inventario de los Recursos Naturales de la Región Guayana. Hojas NB-20- 4, NB-20-8, NB-20-12, NB-20-16, 8 volumes, maps 1:500,000. Ciudad Bolívar. Venezuela. CVG-TECMIN
    • CVG-TECMIN. 1987. Proyecto Inventario de los Recursos Naturales de la Región Guayana. Hojas NB-20- 4, NB-20-8, NB-20-12, NB-20-16, 8 volumes, maps 1:500,000. Ciudad Bolívar. Venezuela. CVG-TECMIN.
  • 16
    • 84871356141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CVG-TECMIN. 1989. Proyecto Inventario de los Recursos Naturales de la Región Guayana. Hojas NB-20- 3, NB-20-7, NB-20-11, NB-20-15, NA-20-3, 8 volumes, maps 1:500,000. Ciudad Bolívar. Venezuela. CVG-TECMIN
    • CVG-TECMIN. 1989. Proyecto Inventario de los Recursos Naturales de la Región Guayana. Hojas NB-20- 3, NB-20-7, NB-20-11, NB-20-15, NA-20-3, 8 volumes, maps 1:500,000. Ciudad Bolívar. Venezuela. CVG-TECMIN.
  • 17
    • 0000970782 scopus 로고
    • Loss on ignition as an estimate of soil organic mater
    • Davies, B.E. 1974. Loss on ignition as an estimate of soil organic mater. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 38: 150-151.
    • (1974) Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. , vol.38 , pp. 150-151
    • Davies, B.E.1
  • 18
    • 0013638605 scopus 로고
    • On the island origin of the endemic trees of the British Guiana peneplain
    • Davis, TA.W. 1941.On the island origin of the endemic trees of the British Guiana peneplain. J. Ecol. 29: 1-13.
    • (1941) J. Ecol. , vol.29 , pp. 1-13
    • Davis, T.A.W.1
  • 19
    • 0002990543 scopus 로고
    • Particle fractionation and particle size analysis
    • CA. Black (ed.)
    • Day, PÜ. 1965. Particle fractionation and particle size analysis, 985-994. In CA. Black (ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Agronomy.
    • (1965) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Agronomy , pp. 985-994
    • Day, P.R.1
  • 22
    • 0030886251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canopy dieback in lower montane forests of Alto Uriman, Venezuelan Guayana
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1009719805461
    • Dezzeo, N., L. Hernández & H. Folster. 1997. Canopy dieback in humid submontane forests of Alto Uriman, Venezuelan Guayana. Plant Ecol. 132: 197-209. (Pubitemid 27398808)
    • (1997) Plant Ecology , vol.132 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-209
    • Dezzeo, N.1    Hernandez, L.2    Folster, H.3
  • 23
    • 4544249940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in soil properties and vegetation characteristics along a forest-savanna gradient in southern Venezuela
    • DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.016, PII S037811270400444X
    • Dezzeo, N., N. Chacón, E. Sanoja & G. Picón. 2004. Changes in soil properties and vegetation characteristics along a forest-savanna gradient in Southern Venezuela. For. Ecol. Manage. 200: 183-193. (Pubitemid 39239323)
    • (2004) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.200 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 183-193
    • Dezzeo, N.1    Chacon, N.2    Sanoja, E.3    Picon, G.4
  • 24
    • 46249110825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seedlings dynamics in undisturbed and adjacent fire disturbed forest in the Gran Sabana, southern Venezuela
    • Dezzeo, N., S. Flores & N. Chacón. 2008. Seedlings dynamics in undisturbed and adjacent disturbed forest in the Gran Sabana, Southern Venezuela. Interciencia 33: 273-279. (Pubitemid 351912494)
    • (2008) Interciencia , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 273-279
    • Dezzeo, N.1    Flores, S.2    Chacon, N.3
  • 25
    • 79953898963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estructura y composición florística de los bosques de Sierra de lema, con especial énfasis en Pourouma bolivarensis C.C.
    • Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
    • Durán, C. 2001. Estructura y composición florística de los bosques de Sierra de lema, con especial énfasis en Pourouma bolivarensis C.C. Berg. Informe de pasantía. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Ambientales, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela.
    • (2001) Berg. Informe de Pasantía
    • Durán, C.1
  • 26
    • 79953868872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding small-scale disturbances in the Guayana's Montane Forests: Gap characterization in Sierra de Lema
    • Venezuela
    • Durán, C., A. Reif & L. Hernández. 2011. Understanding small-scale disturbances in the Guayana's Montane Forests: Gap characterization in Sierra de Lema, Venezuela. Interciencia 36: 272-280
    • (2011) Interciencia , vol.36 , pp. 272-280
    • Durán, C.1    Reif, A.2    Hernández, L.3
  • 28
    • 0030620214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wood density for estimating forest biomass in Brazilian Amazonia
    • Feamside, P. 1997. Wood density for estimating forest biomass in Brazilian Amazonia. For. Ecol. Manage. 90: 59-87.
    • (1997) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.90 , pp. 59-87
    • Feamside, P.1
  • 29
    • 15244340183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variaciones temporales en cantidad de semillas en el suelo y en lluvia de semillas en un gradiente Bosque-sabana en la Gran Sabana
    • Venezuela
    • Flores, S. & N. Dezzeo. 2005. Variaciones temporales en cantidad de semillas en el suelo y en lluvia de semillas en un gradiente Bosque-sabana en la Gran Sabana, Venezuela. Interciencia 30: 39-43.
    • (2005) Interciencia , vol.30 , pp. 39-43
    • Flores, S.1    Dezzeo, N.2
  • 30
    • 0026486971 scopus 로고
    • Holocene autochthonous forest degradation in Southeastern Venezuela
    • J.G. Goldammer (ed.). Birkhauser, Basel, Basel Swiss
    • Fólster, H. 1992. Holocene autochthonous forest degradation in Southeastern Venezuela, 25-44. In J.G. Goldammer (ed.). Tropical forests in Transition. Birkhauser, Basel, Basel Swiss.
    • (1992) Tropical forests in Transition , pp. 25-44
    • Fólster, H.1
  • 31
    • 0034781907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil-vegetation relationship in base-deficient premontane moist forest-savanna mosaics of the Venezuelan Guayana
    • DOI 10.1016/S0016-7061(01)00058-1, PII S0016706101000581
    • Folster, H., N. Dezzeo & J. Priess. 2001. Soil-vegetation relationship in base-deficient premontane moist forest-savanna mosaics of the Venezuelan Guayana. Geoderma 104: 95-113. (Pubitemid 32996510)
    • (2001) Geoderma , vol.104 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 95-113
    • Folster, H.1    Dezzeo, N.2    Priess, J.A.3
  • 32
    • 84967809217 scopus 로고
    • Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographical gradients
    • Gentry, A.H. 1988. Changes in plant community diversity and floristic composition on environmental and geographical gradients. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 75: 1-34.
    • (1988) Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. , vol.75 , pp. 1-34
    • Gentry, A.H.1
  • 34
    • 84871351219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Forest Watch. 2002. The State of Venezuela's Forests: A Case Study of the Guayana Region. A Global Forest Watch report prepared by M.P. Bevilacqua, L. Cárdenas, A. Flores, L. Hernández, E. Lares, A. Mansutti, M. Miranda, J. Ochoa, M. Rodriguez & E. Selig. Global Forest Watch, Word Resource Institute, Fundación Polar, Washington, USA
    • Global Forest Watch. 2002. The State of Venezuela's Forests: A Case Study of the Guayana Region. A Global Forest Watch report prepared by M.P. Bevilacqua, L. Cárdenas, A. Flores, L. Hernández, E. Lares, A. Mansutti, M. Miranda, J. Ochoa, M. Rodriguez & E. Selig. Global Forest Watch, Word Resource Institute, Fundación Polar, Washington, USA.
  • 35
    • 84871356876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Los bosques de Mora gonggrijpii de un sector de la región centro oriental del estado Bolívar, Venezuela
    • S. Leal, L. Delgado & H. Castellanos (eds.), March 20-24 2006, Santa Elena de Uairén, Venezuela
    • González, V. 2006. Los bosques de Mora gonggrijpii de un sector de la región centro oriental del estado Bolívar, Venezuela, p. 49-50. In S. Leal, L. Delgado & H. Castellanos (eds.). Memorias del I Congreso Internacional de Biodiversidad del Escudo Guayanés, March 20-24 2006, Santa Elena de Uairén, Venezuela.
    • (2006) Memorias del I Congreso Internacional de Biodiversidad del Escudo Guayanés , pp. 49-50
    • González, V.1
  • 36
    • 33845266694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and composition of vegetation along an elevational gradient in Puerto Rico
    • Gould, WA., G. González & G. Carrero Rivera. 2006. Structure and composition of vegetation along an elevational gradient in Puerto Rico. J. Veg. Sci. 17: 563-574.
    • (2006) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.17 , pp. 563-574
    • Gould, W.A.1    González, G.2    Carrero Rivera, G.3
  • 37
    • 0000322882 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of montane and lowland rain forest in Ecuador, I. The forest structure, physiognomy and floristics
    • Grubb, J., J. Lloyd, T. Pennington & T. Whitmore. 1963. A comparison of montane and lowland rain forest in Ecuador, I. The forest structure, physiognomy and floristics. J. Ecol. 51: 567-601.
    • (1963) J. Ecol. , vol.51 , pp. 567-601
    • Grubb, J.1    Lloyd, J.2    Pennington, T.3    Whitmore, T.4
  • 38
    • 84860553638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical rain forests of guiana shield: Ancient forests in a modern world
    • Hammond, D.S. 2005. Tropical rain forests of Guiana shield: ancient forests in a modern world. CABI, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
    • (2005) CABI, Wallingford, United Kingdom
    • Hammond, D.S.1
  • 39
    • 0028995494 scopus 로고
    • Seed size of woody plants in relation to disturbance, dispersal, soil type in wet neotropical forests
    • Hammond, D.S. & V.K Brown. 1995. Seed size of woody plants in relation to disturbance, dispersal, soil type in wet Neotropical forests. Ecology 76; 2544-2561. (Pubitemid 3013836)
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , Issue.8 , pp. 2544-2561
    • Hammond, D.S.1    Brown, V.K.2
  • 40
    • 0025206150 scopus 로고
    • Monospecific dominance in tropical rain forests
    • Hart, T. 1990. Monoespecific dominance in tropical rain forests. Trends Ecol. Evol. 5: 6-11. (Pubitemid 120036491)
    • (1990) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-11
    • Hart, T.B.1
  • 41
    • 0036563285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectomycorrhizal fungi and their leguminous hosts in the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana
    • Henkel, T.W., J. Terborgh & RJ. Vilgalys. 2002. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and their leguminous hosts in the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. Mycol. Res. 106: 515-531.
    • (2002) Mycol. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 515-531
    • Henkel, T.W.1    Terborgh, J.2    Vilgalys, R.J.3
  • 42
    • 0041846878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monodominance in the ectomycorrhizal Dicymbe corymbosa (Caesalpiniaceae) from Guyana
    • DOI 10.1017/S0266467403003468
    • Henkel, T.W. 2003. Monodominance in the ectomycorrhizal Dicymbe corymbosa (Caesalpiniaceae) from Guyana. J. Trop. Ecol. 19: 417-437. (Pubitemid 36901133)
    • (2003) Journal of Tropical Ecology , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 417-437
    • Henkel, T.W.1
  • 44
    • 4243424382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecología de la altiplanicie de la Gran Sabana II. Estructura, diversidad, crecimiento y adaptación en bosques de las subcuencas de los ríos Yuruaní y Alto Kukenán
    • Hernández, L. (ed.). 1999. Ecología de la altiplanicie de la Gran Sabana II. Estructura, diversidad, crecimiento y adaptación en bosques de las subcuencas de los ríos Yuruaní y Alto Kukenán. Scientia Guaianae 9: 160.
    • (1999) Scientia Guaianae , vol.9 , pp. 160
    • Hernández, L.1
  • 45
    • 33947359922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crecimiento diamétrico arbóreo en bosques de Sierra de Lema, Guayana Venezolana: Primeras evaluaciones
    • Hernández, L. & H. Castellanos. 2006. Crecimiento diamétrico arbóreo en bosques de Sierra de Lema. Guayana Venezolana: primeras evaluaciones. Interciencia 31: 779-786. (Pubitemid 46446725)
    • (2006) Interciencia , vol.31 , Issue.11 , pp. 779-786
    • Hernandez, L.1    Castellanos, H.2
  • 47
    • 84860570976 scopus 로고
    • P. Berry, B. Hoist, K. Yatskievych (eds.). Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis and Timber, Portland, Oregon, USA
    • Huber, O. 1995. Vegetation, p. 63-95. In P. Berry, B. Hoist, K. Yatskievych (eds.). Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis and Timber, Portland, Oregon, USA.
    • (1995) Vegetation p. , pp. 63-95
    • Huber, O.1
  • 48
    • 33645110554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbaceous ecosystems on the Guayana Shield, a regional overview
    • Huber, O. 2006 Herbaceous ecosystems on the Guayana Shield, a regional overview. J. Biogeogr. 33:464-475.
    • (2006) J. Biogeogr. , vol.33 , pp. 464-475
    • Huber, O.1
  • 49
    • 57349126665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guía ecológica de la Gran Sabana
    • Caracas, Venezuela
    • Huber, O. & G. Febres. 2000. Guía ecológica de la Gran Sabana. The Nature Conservancy, Caracas, Venezuela.
    • (2000) The Nature Conservancy
    • Huber, O.1    Febres, G.2
  • 52
    • 0345806313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio). INBio, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica
    • Kappelle, M. & A.D. Brown (eds.). 2001. Bosques Nublados del Neotrópico. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio). INBio, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.
    • (2001) Bosques Nublados del Neotrópico
    • Kappelle, M.1    Brown, A.D.2
  • 55
    • 0031712199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rain forest fragmentation and the dynamics of Amazonian tree communities
    • Laurance, W.F., L. Ferreira, J. Rankin.de Merona & S.G. Laurance. 1998. Rain forest fragmentation and the dynamics of Amazonian tree communities. Ecology 79: 2032-2040. (Pubitemid 28448026)
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , Issue.6 , pp. 2032-2040
    • Laurance, W.F.1    Ferreira, L.V.2    Rankin-De Merona, J.M.3    Laurance, S.G.4
  • 57
    • 26944455121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyzing beta diversity: Partitioning the spatial variation of community composition data
    • Legendre, P., D. Borcard & P. Peres-Neto. 2005. Analyzing beta diversity: partitioning the spatial variation of community composition data. Ecol. Monogr. 75: 435-450. (Pubitemid 41476777)
    • (2005) Ecological Monographs , vol.75 , Issue.4 , pp. 435-450
    • Legendre, P.1    Borcard, D.2    Peres-Neto, P.R.3
  • 58
    • 0029769237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical forest structure and composition on a large-scale altitudinal gradient in Costa Rica
    • Lieberman, D., M; Lieberman, R. Peralta & G. Hartshorn. 1996. Tropical forest structure and composition on a large-scale altitudinal gradient in Costa Rica. J. Ecol. 84: 137-152.
    • (1996) J. Ecol. , vol.84 , pp. 137-152
    • Lieberman, D.1    Lieberman, M.2    Peralta, R.3    Hartshorn, G.4
  • 61
    • 84871349775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caracterización anatómica de la Madera, con fines de análisis dendrocronológico de 8 especies provenientes de un bosque hiimedo premontano alto ubicado en la parte alta de La Escalera, Sierra de Lema, estado Bolívar
    • Upata, Venezuela
    • Méndez, S. 2006. Caracterización anatómica de la Madera, con fines de análisis dendrocronológico de 8 especies provenientes de un bosque hiimedo premontano alto ubicado en la parte alta de La Escalera, Sierra de Lema, estado Bolívar. UNEG. Pasantía en Ingeniería de Industrias forestales, Upata, Venezuela.
    • (2006) UNEG. Pasantía en Ingeniería de Industrias Forestales
    • Méndez, S.1
  • 63
    • 84871351293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinación de la densidad de madera de especies arbóreas un bosque nublado de La escalera (Sierra de Lema)
    • Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Ciudad Guayana, Upata, Venezuela
    • Mujica, N. 2007. Determinación de la densidad de madera de especies arbóreas un bosque nublado de La escalera (Sierra de Lema). Trabajo de grado. Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana, Ciudad Guayana, Upata, Venezuela.
    • (2007) Trabajo de Grado
    • Mujica, N.1
  • 64
    • 1842486739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interspecific and inter-site variation in wood specific gravity of tropical trees
    • Muller-Landau, H.C. 2004. Interspecific and Inter-site Variation in Wood Specific Gravity of Tropical Trees. Biotropica 36: 20-32. (Pubitemid 38414171)
    • (2004) Biotropica , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-32
    • Muller-Landau, H.C.1
  • 65
    • 34247898040 scopus 로고
    • A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters
    • Murphy, J. & J.P. Riley. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chim. Acta: 31-36.
    • (1962) Anal. Chim. Acta , pp. 31-36
    • Murphy, J.1    Riley, J.P.2
  • 67
    • 35548955108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality of large trees and lianas following experimental drought in an amazon forest
    • DOI 10.1890/06-1046.1
    • Nepstad, D.C., I.M. Tohver, D. Ray, P. Moutinho, & G. Cardinot. 2007. Mortality of large trees and lianas following experimental drought in Amazon forest. Ecology 88: 2259-2269. (Pubitemid 351345135)
    • (2007) Ecology , vol.88 , Issue.9 , pp. 2259-2269
    • Nepstad, D.C.1    Tohver, I.M.2    David, R.3    Moutinho, P.4    Cardinot, G.5
  • 68
    • 54249094124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profound impoverishment of the large-tree stand in a hyper-fragmented landscape of the Atlantic forest
    • Oliveira, MA., A.M.M. Santos & M. Tabarelli. 2008. Profound impoverishment of the large-tree stand in a hyper-fragmented landscape of the Atlantic forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 256: 1910-1917.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.256 , pp. 1910-1917
    • Oliveira, M.A.1    Santos, A.M.M.2    Tabarelli, M.3
  • 69
    • 76449088199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crecimiento radial de Tachigati y Terminalia en bosques de tierra baja al sudeste de Venezuela
    • Ortiz, J., L. Hernández & M. Worbes. 2006. Crecimiento radial de Tachigati y Terminalia en bosques de tierra baja al sudeste de Venezuela. Acta Bot. Venez. 29: 211-234.
    • (2006) Acta Bot. Venez. , vol.29 , pp. 211-234
    • Ortiz, J.1    Hernández, L.2    Worbes, M.3
  • 71
    • 0033457925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree species distributions in an upper Amazonian forest
    • Pitman, N., J. Terborgh, M.R. Silman & VP. Núñez.1999. Tree species distributions in an upper Amazonian forest. Ecology 80: 2651-2661. (Pubitemid 30001011)
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , Issue.8 , pp. 2651-2661
    • Pitman, N.C.A.1    Terborgh, J.2    Silman, M.R.3    Nunez, V.P.4
  • 74
    • 0032831190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Litter and fine-root production in three types of tropical premontane rain forest in SE Venezuela
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1009844226078
    • Priess, J., H. Folster & C. Then. 1999. Litter and fine-root production in three types of tropical premontane rain forest in SE Venezuela. Plant Ecol. 143: 171-187. (Pubitemid 29464006)
    • (1999) Plant Ecology , vol.143 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-187
    • Priess, J.1    Then, C.2    Folster, H.3
  • 77
    • 65549115564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Región Guayana, Venezuela. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
    • Riina, R. 1996. El elemento fitogeografico andino en la provincia Pantepui, Región Guayana, Venezuela. Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela.
    • (1996) El Elemento Fitogeografico Andino en la Provincia Pantepui
    • Riina, R.1
  • 78
    • 0002355745 scopus 로고
    • Los veranos ruinosos de Venezuela
    • Rohl, E. 1948. Los veranos ruinosos de Venezuela. Bol. Acad. Cs. Fis. Mat. y Nat. 31: 1-23.
    • (1948) Bol. Acad. Cs. Fis. Mat. y Nat. , vol.31 , pp. 1-23
    • Rohl, E.1
  • 79
    • 0344196743 scopus 로고
    • Etudes quantitatives d' une forét dense humide sempervirente de plaine de la Guyana Vénézuelienne
    • Toulouse , Toulouse, France
    • Rollet, B. 1969. Etudes quantitatives d' une forét dense humide sempervirente de plaine de la Guyana Vénézuelienne. Thése doctoral Faculté des Sciences, Toulouse , Toulouse, France.
    • (1969) Thése doctoral Faculté des Sciences
    • Rollet, B.1
  • 80
    • 0003008114 scopus 로고
    • Contribución a la paleoecologia de Pantepui y la Gran Sabana (Guayana Venezolana): Clima, biogeografica y ecología
    • Caracas, Venezuela
    • Rull, V. 1991. Contribución a la paleoecologia de Pantepui y la Gran Sabana (Guayana Venezolana): clima, biogeografica y ecología. Scientia Guaianae 2. Caracas, Venezuela.
    • (1991) Scientia Guaianae , vol.2
    • Rull, V.1
  • 81
    • 0027044623 scopus 로고
    • Successional patterns of the Gran Sabana (southeastern Venezuela) vegetation during the last 5000 years, and its responses to climatic fluctuations and fire
    • Rull, V. 1992. Successional patterns of the Gran Sabana (Southeastern Venezuela) vegetation during the last 5000 years and its responses to climatic fluctuations and fire. J. Biogeogr. 19: 329-338. (Pubitemid 23398276)
    • (1992) Journal of Biogeography , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-338
    • Rull, V.1
  • 82
    • 0033103033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A palynological record of a secondary succession after fire in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199903)14:2<137::AID-JQS413>3.0.CO;2-3
    • Rull, V. 1999. A palynological record of a secondary sucession after fire in the Gran Sabana, Venezuela. J. Quat. Sci. 814: 137-152. (Pubitemid 29229203)
    • (1999) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-152
    • Rull, V.1
  • 83
    • 64149111022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New paleoecological evidence for the potential role of fire in the Gran Sabana, Venezuelan Guayana and implications for early human occupation
    • Rull, V. 2009. New paleoecological evidence for the potential role of fire in the Gran Sabana, Venezuelan Guayana and implications for early human occupation. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 18: 219-224.
    • (2009) Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. , vol.18 , pp. 219-224
    • Rull, V.1
  • 84
    • 70350076679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis y observaciones sobre la biología de Catostemma lemense, nueva bombacaceae de Venezuela
    • Sanoja, E. 2004. Diagnosis y observaciones sobre la biología de Catostemma lemense, nueva bombacaceae de Venezuela. Acta Bot. Venez. 27: 83-94.
    • (2004) Acta Bot. Venez. , vol.27 , pp. 83-94
    • Sanoja, E.1
  • 85
    • 70350076119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lista dendrológica de los bosques montanos de La Escalera, Sierra de Lema
    • Edo. Bolívar, Venezuela
    • Sanoja, E. 2009. Lista dendrológica de los bosques montanos de La Escalera, Sierra de Lema, Edo. Bolívar, Venezuela. Acta Bot. Venez. 32: 79-111.
    • (2009) Acta Bot. Venez. , vol.32 , pp. 79-111
    • Sanoja, E.1
  • 86
    • 77953814430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nueva especie de Zanthoxyllum L. (Rutaceae) de Sierra de Lema, estado Bolívar
    • Venezuela
    • Sanoja, E. 2009b. Nueva especie de Zanthoxyllum L. (Rutaceae) de Sierra de Lema, estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Acta Bot. Venez. 32: 303-309.
    • (2009) Acta Bot. Venez. , vol.32 , pp. 303-309
    • Sanoja, E.1
  • 87
    • 26044443803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendrochronlogische Untersuchungen in Überschwemmungswaldem der várzea Zentralamazoniens. Heft 149
    • Georg-August Universitat zu Gottingen. Gottingen, Germany
    • Schoengart, J. 2003. Dendrochronlogische Untersuchungen in Überschwemmungswaldem der várzea Zentralamazoniens. Heft 149. Góttinger Beitráge zur Land- und Forstwirtschaft in den Trepen und Subropen. Georg-August Universitat zu Gottingen. Gottingen, Germany.
    • (2003) Góttinger Beitráge zur Land- und Forstwirtschaft in den Trepen und Subropen
    • Schoengart, J.1
  • 88
    • 0001102777 scopus 로고
    • Paleoenvironmental aspects of the Caroni-Paragua river basin (Southeastern Venezuela)
    • Schubert, C., H. Briceño & P. Fritz. 1986. Paleoenvironmental aspects of the Caroni-Paragua river basin (Southeastern Venezuela). Interciencia 11: 278-289.
    • (1986) Interciencia , vol.11 , pp. 278-289
    • Schubert, C.1    Briceño, H.2    Fritz, P.3
  • 89
    • 0002735422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the structure and composition of montane and lowland tropical forest in the Serrania Pilón
    • Beni, Bolivia, F. Dallmeier & J A. Comiskey (eds.), UNESCO, Paris, France
    • Smith, D.N. & TJ. Killeen. 1998. A comparison of the structure and composition of montane and lowland tropical forest in the Serrania Pilón, Beni, Bolivia, p. 681-700. In F. Dallmeier & J A. Comiskey (eds.). Forest biodiversity in North, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Research and Monitoring. MAB Series Vol. 21. UNESCO, Paris, France.
    • (1998) Forest Biodiversity in North, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Research and Monitoring. MAB Series , vol.21 , pp. 681-700
    • Smith, D.N.1    Killeen, T.J.2
  • 90
    • 84871357369 scopus 로고
    • Los bosques nublados en el Trópico Húmedo: Tma revisión bibliográfica
    • Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
    • Stadtmueller, T. 1987. Los bosques nublados en el Trópico Húmedo: tma revisión bibliográfica. Universidad de las Naciones Unidas. Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica.
    • (1987) Universidad de las Naciones Unidas
    • Stadtmueller, T.1
  • 91
    • 0011826792 scopus 로고
    • Contribuciones a la flora de Venezuela: Parte 5. Ptaritepui
    • Steyermark, J. 1966b. Contribuciones a la flora de Venezuela: Parte 5. Ptaritepui. Acta Bot. Venez. 1: 9-256.
    • (1966) Acta Bot. Venez. , vol.1 , pp. 9-256
    • Steyermark, J.1
  • 92
    • 70350056074 scopus 로고
    • Botanical novelties in the region of Sierra de Lema, Estado Bolívar
    • Steyermark, J. & S. Nilsson 1962. Botanical novelties in the region of Sierra de Lema, Estado Bolívar: I. Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 23: 59-95.
    • (1962) I. Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. , vol.23 , pp. 59-95
    • Steyermark, J.1    Nilsson, S.2
  • 93
    • 34250775100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological and evolutionary determinants of a key plant functional trait: Wood density and its community-wide variation across latitude and elevation
    • DOI 10.3732/ajb.94.3.451
    • Swenson, N.G. & B. Enquist 2007. Ecological and evolutionary determinants of a key plant functional trait: wood density and its community wide variation across latitude and elevation. Am. J. Bot. 94: 451-459. (Pubitemid 46955019)
    • (2007) American Journal of Botany , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 451-459
    • Swenson, N.G.1    Enquist, B.J.2
  • 94
    • 0012228744 scopus 로고
    • Life zones at Mount Roraima
    • Tate, G.H.H. 1932. Life zones at Mount Roraima. Ecology 13: 235-257.
    • (1932) Ecology , vol.13 , pp. 235-257
    • Tate, G.H.H.1
  • 95
    • 0002546132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a rare storm event in an Amazonian forests
    • Terborgh, J. & M. Foster. 1998. Impact of a rare storm event in an Amazonian forests. Biotropica 30: 470-474.
    • (1998) Biotropica , vol.30 , pp. 470-474
    • Terborgh, J.1    Foster, M.2
  • 96
    • 0022843649 scopus 로고
    • Canonical correspondence analysis: A New eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis
    • ter Braak, CJ.F. 1986. Canonical Correspondence Analysis: A New Eigenvector Technique for Multivariate Direct Gradient Analysis. Ecology 67: 1167-1179.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 1167-1179
    • Ter Braak, C.J.F.1
  • 98
    • 0028180951 scopus 로고
    • Seedling growth of Mora gonggrijpii, a large seeded climax species, under different soil and light conditions
    • ter Steege, H. 1994. Seedling growth of Mora gonggrijpii, a large seeded climax species, under different soil and light conditions. Vegetatio 112: 161-170. (Pubitemid 24416593)
    • (1994) Vegetatio , vol.112 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-170
    • Ter Steege, H.1
  • 99
    • 2142697640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant diversity in Guyana: With recommendations for a protected areas strategy
    • Wageningen, The Netheriands
    • ter Steege, H. 2000. Plant diversity in Guyana: with recommendations for a protected areas strategy. Tropenbos Series 18. Wageningen, The Netheriands.
    • (2000) Tropenbos Series 18
    • Ter Steege, H.1
  • 100
    • 49749084059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term changes in tropical tree diversity studies from the Guiana Shield
    • Africa, Borneo and Melanesia. Wageningen, The Netheriands
    • ter Steege, H. 2003. Long-term changes in tropical tree diversity studies from the Guiana Shield, Africa, Borneo and Melanesia. Tropenbos Series 22. Wageningen, The Netheriands.
    • (2003) Tropenbos Series 22
    • Ter Steege, H.1
  • 101
    • 84871349860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest, tree- and functional diversity of the Guayana Shield region in an Amazonian perspective
    • S. Leal, L. Delgado & H. Castellanos (eds.). Santa Elena de Uairén, Venezuela
    • ter Steege, H. 2006. Forest, tree- and functional diversity of the Guayana Shield region in an Amazonian perspective, p. 44-46 . In S. Leal, L. Delgado & H. Castellanos (eds.). Memorias del I Congreso Internacional de Biodiversidad del Escudo Guayanés. Santa Elena de Uairén, Venezuela.
    • (2006) Memorias del I Congreso Internacional de Biodiversidad del Escudo Guayanés , pp. 44-46
    • Ter Steege, H.1
  • 103
    • 0007588086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest management in the Guianas: Ecological and Evolutionary constraints on Timber Production
    • ter Steege, H. & D.S. Hammond. 1996. Forest management in the Guianas: Ecological and Evolutionary constraints on Timber Production. BOS NiEuWSLETTER 15: 62-69.
    • (1996) BOS NiEuWSLETTER , vol.15 , pp. 62-69
    • Ter Steege, H.1    Hammond, D.S.2
  • 105
    • 0035658629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Character convergence, diversity, and disturbance in tropical rain forest in Guyana
    • ter Steege, H. & D.S. Hammond. 2001. Character convergence, diversity and disturbance in a tropical rain forest in Guyana. Ecology 82: 3197-3212. (Pubitemid 34010161)
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , Issue.11 , pp. 3197-3212
    • Ter Steege, H.1    Hammond, D.S.2
  • 107
    • 0000409762 scopus 로고
    • Exchangeable cations
    • A.L Page, R.H Miller, D.R. Keeny (eds.)
    • Thomas, G.W. 1982. Exchangeable cations, 159-166. In A.L Page, R.H Miller, D.R. Keeny (eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Agronomy.
    • (1982) Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Agronomy , pp. 159-166
    • Thomas, G.W.1
  • 110
    • 0032426575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altitudinal gradients in tropical forest composition, structure, and diversity in the Sierra de Manantlan
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00325.x
    • Vásquez, JA. & TJ. Givnish. 1998. Altitudinal gradients in tropical forest composition, structure and diversity in the Sierra de Manantlán, Jalisco, México. J. Ecol. 86: 999-1020. (Pubitemid 29014866)
    • (1998) Journal of Ecology , vol.86 , Issue.6 , pp. 999-1020
    • Vazquez G, J.A.1    Givnish, T.J.2
  • 111
    • 0001842514 scopus 로고
    • El crecimiento de algunos bosques naturales de Venezuela en relación con los parámetros del medio ambiente
    • Veillon, J.P. 1985. El crecimiento de algunos bosques naturales de Venezuela en relación con los parámetros del medio ambiente. Rev. For. Ven. 19: 1-123.
    • (1985) Rev. For. Ven. , vol.19 , pp. 1-123
    • Veillon, J.P.1
  • 114
    • 70249096675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pluralisms and diversity: Trends in the use and application of ordination methods 1990- 2007
    • Wehrden von, H., J. Hanspach, H. Bruelheide & K. Wesche. 2009. Pluralisms and diversity: trends in the use and application of ordination methods 1990- 2007. J. Veg. Sci. 20: 695-705.
    • (2009) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.20 , pp. 695-705
    • Von, H.W.1    Hanspach, J.2    Bruelheide, H.3    Wesche, K.4
  • 116
    • 0000641338 scopus 로고
    • Canopy gaps and the two major groups of forest trees
    • Whitmore, T.C. 1989. Canopy gaps and the two major groups of forest trees. Ecology 70: 536-538.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 536-538
    • Whitmore, T.C.1
  • 117
    • 33847411862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The drought of the century in the Amazon basin: An analysis of the regional variation of rainfall on South America in 1926
    • Williams,A.,A. Dall Antonia, V. Dall Antonia, J.Almeida, F. Suárez, B. Lebmann & A. Malhado. 2005 The drought of the century in the Amazon basin: An analysis of the regional variation of rainfall on South America in 1926. Acta Amaz. 35: 231-238.
    • (2005) Acta Amaz. , vol.35 , pp. 231-238
    • Williams, A.1    Dall Antonia, A.2    Dall Antonia, V.3    Almeida, J.4    Suárez, F.5    Lebmann, B.6    Malhado, A.7
  • 118
    • 84929047274 scopus 로고
    • An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and proposed modification of the cromic acid titration method
    • Walkey, A & IA. Black. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and proposed modification of the cromic acid titration method. Soil Sci. 37: 29-38.
    • (1934) Soil Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 29-38
    • Walkey, A.1    Black, I.A.2
  • 119
    • 0013043505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental gradients affect forest structure in Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains
    • Weaver, P. 2000. Environmental gradients affect forest structure in Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains. Interciencia 25: 254-259.
    • (2000) Interciencia , vol.25 , pp. 254-259
    • Weaver, P.1
  • 120
    • 84860563962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canopy position and host use by hemiepihytes in Neotropical forests
    • G. Orians & E. Deinert (eds.), 5 Sept-15 Nov, 2001 Costa Rica, Panama, Peru, Brazil Organization for Tropical Studies Seattle, Washington, USA
    • Weiblen, G. 2002. Canopy position and host use by hemiepihytes in Neotropical forests, p. 131-142. In G. Orians & E. Deinert (eds.). Advanced Comparative Neotropical Ecology 5 Sept-15 Nov, 2001 Costa Rica, Panama, Peru, Brazil Organization for Tropical Studies Seattle, Washington, USA.
    • (2002) Advanced Comparative Neotropical Ecology , pp. 131-142
    • Weiblen, G.1
  • 121
    • 0042615627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradación e historia de la vegetación boscosa
    • L. Hernández (ed.). Scientia Guaianae 9. Caracas, Venezuela
    • Worbes, M. 1999. Degradación e historia de la vegetación boscosa, p. 84-106. In L. Hernández (ed.). Ecología de la altiplanicie de la Gran Sabana. Scientia Guaianae 9. Caracas, Venezuela.
    • (1999) Ecología de la Altiplanicie de la Gran Sabana , pp. 84-106
    • Worbes, M.1
  • 122
    • 1242331226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. (Downloaded: September 2008)
    • Meyer, R., D. David & D. Krueger. 2004. A Minitab Guide to Statistics. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. (Downloaded: September 2008, http://www.minitab.com/de-DE/default.aspx.).
    • (2004) A Minitab Guide to Statistics
    • Meyer, R.1    David, D.2    Krueger, D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.