Structure and composition of vegetation along an elevational gradient in Puerto Rico

Journal of Vegetation Science

Volumn 17, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 653-664

  Gould, W A ^a   Gonzalez G ^a   Carrero Rivera, G ^a  

^a INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL FORESTRY   (Puerto Rico)

Author keywords

Detrended correspondence analysis; Exotics; Gradient analysis; Land management; Native species; Phytosociology; Puerto Rico

Indexed keywords

BIOLOGICAL INVASION; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; ELEVATION; ENVIRONMENTAL DISTURBANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; LOWLAND ENVIRONMENT; NATIVE SPECIES; PLANT COMMUNITY; SPECIES CONSERVATION; SPECIES DIVERSITY; TROPICAL FOREST;

ATLANTIC ISLANDS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; CARIBBEAN ISLANDS; GREATER ANTILLES; PUERTO RICO;

EID: 33845266694     PISSN: 11009233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1658/1100-9233(2006)17[653:SACOVA]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Anon. 1998. FRA 2000: Guidelines for assessments in tropical and sub-tropical countries. FAO working paper No. 2, Rome, IT.
2. Anon. 2002. SPSS statistical package for Windows version 11.5.1.318. SPSS corporation, Chicago, IL, US.
3. Ahern, F., Belward, A., Churchill, P., Davis, R.A., Janetos, A., Justice, C.O., Loveland, T., Malingreau, J.-P., Maiden, M., Skole, D., Taylor, V., Yasuoka, Y. & Zhu, Z. 1999. Strategy for global observation of forest cover, GOLD Report number 2. Ottawa, CA.
4. Alvárez, M. 1982. A comparison of the structure and ecology of Pterocarpus officinalis (Jacq.) forested wetlands in Puerto Rico. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PR, US.
5. Areces-Mallea, A., Weakley, A.S., Li, X., Sayre, R.G., Parrish, J.D., Tipton, C.V. & Boucher, T. 1999. A guide to Caribbean vegetation types: classification systems and descriptions. The Nature Conservancy / International Institute of Tropical Forestry/USDA Forest Service / Eros Data Service / US Geological Service / USAID, Washington, DC, US.
6. Basnet, K. 1992. Effects of topography on the pattern of trees in Tabonuco (Dacryodes excelsa) Dominated rain forest of Puerto Rico. Biotropica 24: 31-42.
7. Birdsey, R.A. & Weaver, P.L. 1982. The forest resources of Puerto Rico. U.S.D.A. Resources bulletin SO-85, October 1982. South. For. Exp. Station, New Orleans, LA. US.
8. Birdsey, R.A. & Weaver, P.L. 1987. Forest area trends in Puerto Rico. U.S. Forest Service Resource Note SO-331, New Orleans, LA, US.
9. Borhidi, A. 1996. Phytogeography and vegetation ecology of Cuba. Akadémiai Kaidó. Budapest, HU.
10. Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie. 3rd ed. Springer, New York, NY, US.
11. Britton, N.L. & Wilson, P. 1924. Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Vol. V. Botany of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. New York Academy of Sciences. New York, NY, US.
12. Brown, S. 1997. Estimating biomass and biomass change in tropical forests. A primer. FAO Forestry Paper 134, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, IT.
13. Bussmann, R.W. 2001. The montane forests of Reserva Biológica San Francisco (Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador) - vegetation zonation and natural regeneration. Die Erde 132: 11-24.
14. Chinea, J.D. 2002. Tropical forest succession on abandoned farms in the Humacao Municipality of eastern Puerto Rico. For. Ecol. Manage. 167: 195-207.
15. Dansereau, P. 1966. Studies on the vegetation of Puerto Rico. 1. Description and integration of the plant communities. Institute of Caribbean Science Special Publication 1, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, PR, US.
16. Eusse, A.M. & Aide, M. 1999. Patterns of litter production across a salinity gradient in a Pterocarpus officinalis tropical wetland. Plant Ecol. 145: 307-315.
17. Ewel, J.J. & Whitmore, J.L. 1973. The ecological life zones of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (Research Paper No.ITF-18). USDA Forest Service ITF, Río Piedras, PR, US.
18. Figueroa Colon, J.C. & Woodbury, R.O. 1996. Rare and endangered plants species of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. An annotated checklist. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 776: 65-71.
19. Helmer, E.H., Ramos, O., López, T. del M., Quiñones, M. & Díaz, W. 2002. Mapping the Forest Type and Land Cover of Puerto Rico, a Component of the Caribbean Biodiversity Hotspot. Caribb. J. Sci. 38: 165-183.
20. Kent, M. & Coker, P. 1996. Vegetation description and analysis. Wiley, Chichester, UK.
21. Liogier, H.A. & Martorrell, L.F. 1999. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands: a systematic synopsis. Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR.
22. Little, E.L. Jr. & Wadsworth, F.H. 1964. Common trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. U.S. Dept. Agric. Forest Service, Agricultural Handbook No. 249, USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC.
23. Lugo, A. E. 2005. Los bosques. In: Joglar, R.L. (ed.) Biodiversidad de Puerto Rico. Vertebrados terrestres y ecosistemas, pp. 395-548. Editorial del Institute de Cultura Puertorriqueña, San Juan, PR.
24. Luh Huang, C.Y. & Schulte, E.E. 1985. Digestion of plant tissue for analysis by ICP emission spectroscopy. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 16: 943-958.
25. Lyford, W.H. 1969. The ecology of an Elfin forest in Puerto Rico. 7. Soil, root and earthworm relationships. J. Arnold Arbor. 50: 210-224.
26. McCune, B. & Mefford, MJ. 1999. PC-ORD. Multivariate analysis of ecological data, Version 4. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, OR, US.
27. Mueller-Dombois, D. & Ellenberg, H. 2002. Aims and methods of vegetation ecology. Blackburn Press, NJ, US.
28. Quevedo, V. 1999. Lista de plantas criticas. División de Patrimonio Natural de Puerto Rico, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y del Ambiente, Puerto Rico, PR, US.
29. Sánchez-Sánchez, O. & Islebe, G.A. 2002. Tropical forest communities in southeastern Mexico. Plant Ecol. 158: 183-200.
30. Scatena, F.N., Silver, W.L., Siccama, T., Johnson, A. & Sanchez, M.J. 1993. Biomass and nutrient content of the Bisley Experimental Watershed, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico, before and after hurricane Hugo, 1989. Biotropica 25: 15-27.
31. Thompson, J., Brokaw, N., Zimmerman, J.K., Waide, R.B., Everham, E.M., Lodge, D.J., Taylor, C.M., Garcia-Montiel, D. & Fluet, M. 2002. Land use history, environment, and tree composition in a tropical forest. Ecol. Appl. 12: 1344-1363.
32. Wadsworth, F.H. 1951. Forest management in the Luquillo Mountains. I. The setting. Caribb. For. 12: 93-114.
33. Weaver, P.L. 1986. Growth and age of Cyrilla racemiflora L. in Montane forests of Puerto Rico. Interciencia 11: 221-227.
34. Weaver, P.L. 1989. Rare trees in the Colorado Forest of Puerto Rico's Luquillo Mountains. Nat Areas J. 9: 169-173.
35. Weaver, P.L. 1990. Succession in the Elfin Woodland of the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico. Biotropica 22: 83-89.
36. Weaver, P.L. 1991. Environmental gradients affect forest composition in the Luquillo mountains of Puerto Rico. Interciencia 16: 142-151.
37. Weaver, P.L. 1994. Baño de Oro Natural Area Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico. General Technical Report SO-111. USDA Forest Service Southern Forest Experimental Station. New Orleans, LA, US.
38. Weaver, P.L., Medina, E., Pool, D., Dugger, K., Gonzales-Liboy, J. & Cuevas, E. 1986. Ecological observations in the dwarf cloud forest of the Luquillo mountains in Puerto Rico. Biotropica 18: 79-85.
39. Westhoff, V. & van der Maarel, E. 1978. The Braun-Blanquet approach. In: Whittaker, R.H. (ed.) Classification of plant communities, pp. 287-399. Dr. W. Junk, Den Haag, NL.