메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 39-48

Progression of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease

Author keywords

Disease modification; Motor symptoms; Parkinson's disease; Progression; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; LEVODOPA; SELEGILINE;

EID: 84860578177     PISSN: 16737067     EISSN: 19958218     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12264-012-1050-z     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (124)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 72849122978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical measures of progression in Parkinson's disease
    • Poewe W. Clinical measures of progression in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2009, 24 Suppl 2: S671-676.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 SUPPL. 2
    • Poewe, W.1
  • 2
    • 72649106902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical progression of Parkinson's disease
    • Poewe W, Mahlknecht P. The clinical progression of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009, 15 Suppl 4: S28-32.
    • (2009) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.15 SUPPL. 4
    • Poewe, W.1    Mahlknecht, P.2
  • 4
    • 33745919520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70471-9, PII S1474442206704719
    • de Lau LM, Breteler MM. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 2006, 5: 525-535. (Pubitemid 44262284)
    • (2006) Lancet Neurology , vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp. 525-535
    • De Lau, L.M.1    Breteler, M.M.2
  • 5
    • 0032531924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: Second of two parts
    • DOI 10.1056/NEJM199810153391607
    • Lang AE, Lozano AM. Parkinson's disease. Second of two parts. N Engl J Med 1998, 339: 1130-1143. (Pubitemid 28465762)
    • (1998) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.339 , Issue.16 , pp. 1130-1143
    • Lang, A.E.1    Lozano, A.M.2
  • 6
    • 72049126077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current strategies in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and a personalized approach to management
    • Diaz NL, Waters CH. Current strategies in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and a personalized approach to management. Expert Rev Neurother 2009, 9: 1781-1789.
    • (2009) Expert Rev Neurother , vol.9 , pp. 1781-1789
    • Diaz, N.L.1    Waters, C.H.2
  • 7
    • 67449095164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical treatment of Parkinson disease
    • Stacy M. Medical treatment of Parkinson disease. Neurologic Clinics 2009, 27: 605-631.
    • (2009) Neurologic Clinics , vol.27 , pp. 605-631
    • Stacy, M.1
  • 9
    • 41149173996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson's disease: The inevitability of dementia at 20 years
    • Hely MA, Reid WGJ, Adena MA, Halliday GA, Morris JGL. The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson's disease: The inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Mov Disord 2008, 23: 837-844.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 837-844
    • Hely, M.A.1    Wgj, R.2    Adena, M.A.3    Halliday, G.A.4    Morris, J.G.L.5
  • 11
    • 0037208689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson revisited: Pathophysiology of motor signs
    • Hallett M. Parkinson revisited: Pathophysiology of motor signs. Adv Neurol 2003, 91: 19-28.
    • (2003) Adv Neurol , vol.91 , pp. 19-28
    • Hallett, M.1
  • 12
    • 42049097441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Globus pallidus dopamine and Parkinson motor subtypes: Clinical and brain biochemical correlation
    • DOI 10.1212/01.wnl.0000285082.18969.3a, PII 0000611420080415100007
    • Rajput AH, Sitte HH, Rajput A, Fenton ME, Pifl C, Hornykiewicz O. Globus pallidus dopamine and Parkinson motor subtypes: clinical and brain biochemical correlation. Neurology 2008, 70: 1403-1410. (Pubitemid 351521932)
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 1403-1410
    • Rajput, A.H.1    Sitte, H.H.2    Rajput, A.3    Fenton, M.E.4    Pifl, C.5    Hornykiewicz, O.6
  • 13
    • 77949631687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in nigro-striatal impairment in clinical variants of early Parkinson's disease: Evidence from a FP-CIT SPECT study
    • Rossi C, Frosini D, Volterrani D, De Feo P, Unti E, Nicoletti V, et al. Differences in nigro-striatal impairment in clinical variants of early Parkinson's disease: evidence from a FP-CIT SPECT study. Eur J Neurol 2010, 17: 626-630.
    • (2010) Eur J Neurol , vol.17 , pp. 626-630
    • Rossi, C.1    Frosini, D.2    Volterrani, D.3    De Feo, P.4    Unti, E.5    Nicoletti, V.6
  • 14
    • 51649094634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Parkinson's disease and non-motor issues
    • Chaudhuri KR, Naidu Y. Early Parkinson's disease and non-motor issues. J Neurol 2008, 255 Suppl 5: 33-38.
    • (2008) J Neurol , vol.255 SUPPL. 5 , pp. 33-38
    • Chaudhuri, K.R.1    Naidu, Y.2
  • 15
    • 0023026069 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease: A 6-year follow-up study
    • Poewe WH, Lees AJ, Stern GM. Low-dose L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease: a 6-year follow-up study. Neurology 1986, 36: 1528-1530. (Pubitemid 17175783)
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , Issue.11 , pp. 1528-1530
    • Poewe, W.H.1    Lees, A.J.2    Stern, G.M.3
  • 16
    • 0034682308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa
    • DOI 10.1056/NEJM200005183422004
    • Rascol O, Brooks DJ, Korczyn AD, De Deyn PP, Clarke CE, Lang AE. A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa. N Engl J Med 2000, 342: 1484-1491. (Pubitemid 30318272)
    • (2000) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.342 , Issue.20 , pp. 1484-1491
    • Rascol, O.1    Brooks, D.J.2    Korczyn, A.D.3    De Deyn, P.P.4    Clarke, C.E.5    Lang, A.E.6
  • 17
    • 0033768218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dyskinesias and motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. A community-based study
    • Schrag A, Quinn N. Dyskinesias and motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease. A community-based study. Brain 2000, 123 ( Pt 11): 2297-2305.
    • (2000) Brain , vol.123 , Issue.PART 11 , pp. 2297-2305
    • Schrag, A.1    Quinn, N.2
  • 18
    • 0027530638 scopus 로고
    • Effects of tocopherol and deprenyl on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease
    • The Parkinson Study Group
    • The Parkinson Study Group. Effects of tocopherol and deprenyl on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med 1993, 328: 176-183.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 176-183
  • 19
    • 0029927070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of lazabemide on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease
    • The Parkinson Study Group
    • The Parkinson Study Group. Effect of lazabemide on the progression of disability in early Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1996, 40: 99-107.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 99-107
  • 20
    • 2342655732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled, randomized, delayed-start study of rasagiline in early Parkinson disease
    • Parkinson Study Group.
    • Parkinson Study Group. A controlled, randomized, delayed-start study of rasagiline in early Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 2004, 61: 561-566.
    • (2004) Arch Neurol , vol.61 , pp. 561-566
  • 21
    • 34147202232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pramipexole in levodopa-treated Parkinson disease patients of African Asian, and Hispanic heritage
    • Parkinson Study Group
    • Parkinson Study Group. Pramipexole in levodopa-treated Parkinson disease patients of African, Asian, and Hispanic heritage. Clin Neuropharmacol 2007, 30: 72-85.
    • (2007) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.30 , pp. 72-85
  • 24
    • 0021871523 scopus 로고
    • The heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease: Clinical and prognostic implications
    • Zetusky WJ, Jankovic J, Pirozzolo FJ. The heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease: clinical and prognostic implications. Neurology 1985, 35: 522-526. (Pubitemid 15085070)
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 522-526
    • Zetusky, W.J.1    Jankovic, J.2    Pirozzolo, F.J.3
  • 25
    • 0000224448 scopus 로고
    • UPDRS development committee. Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale
    • Fahn S, Marsden CD, Jenner P, et al. (Eds.). New York: Macmillan
    • Fahn S, Elton RL, and members of the UPDRS development committee. Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. In: Fahn S, Marsden CD, Jenner P, et al. (Eds.). Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease. New York: Macmillan, 1987: 153-164.
    • (1987) Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease , pp. 153-164
    • Fahn, S.1    Elton, R.L.2
  • 26
    • 33748320447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal clinically important change on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
    • DOI 10.1002/mds.20914
    • Schrag A, Sampaio C, Counsell N, Poewe W. Minimal clinically important change on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. Mov Disord 2006, 21: 1200-1207. (Pubitemid 44336608)
    • (2006) Movement Disorders , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 1200-1207
    • Schrag, A.1    Sampaio, C.2    Counsell, N.3    Poewe, W.4
  • 30
    • 0032588334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post mortem studies in Parkinson's disease-is it possible to detect brain areas for specific symptoms?
    • Jellinger KA. Post mortem studies in Parkinson's disease-is it possible to detect brain areas for specific symptoms? J Neural Transm Suppl 1999, 56: 1-29.
    • (1999) J Neural Transm Suppl , vol.56 , pp. 1-29
    • Jellinger, K.A.1
  • 32
    • 0029670370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the reduced 18F-Dopa uptakes of the caudate and the putamen in Parkinson's disease: Correlations with the three main symptoms
    • Otsuka M, Ichiya Y, Kuwabara Y, Hosokawa S, Sasaki M, Yoshida T, et al. Differences in the reduced 18F-Dopa uptakes of the caudate and the putamen in Parkinson's disease: correlations with the three main symptoms. J Neurological Sci 1996, 136: 169-173.
    • (1996) J Neurological Sci , vol.136 , pp. 169-173
    • Otsuka, M.1    Ichiya, Y.2    Kuwabara, Y.3    Hosokawa, S.4    Sasaki, M.5    Yoshida, T.6
  • 33
    • 0242382825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of dopamine transporter imaging with parkinsonian motor handicap: How close is it?
    • DOI 10.1002/mds.10579
    • Pirker W. Correlation of dopamine transporter imaging with parkinsonian motor handicap: how close is it? Mov Disord 2003, 18 Suppl 7: S43-51. (Pubitemid 37336928)
    • (2003) Movement Disorders , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. 7
    • Pirker, W.1
  • 35
    • 0026767497 scopus 로고
    • Isolated tremor and disruption of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system: An 18F-dopa PET study
    • Brooks DJ, Playford ED, Ibanez V, Sawle GV, Thompson PD, Findley LJ, et al. Isolated tremor and disruption of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system: an 18F-dopa PET study. Neurology 1992, 42: 1554-1560.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1554-1560
    • Brooks, D.J.1    Playford, E.D.2    Ibanez, V.3    Sawle, G.V.4    Thompson, P.D.5    Findley, L.J.6
  • 38
    • 0014082977 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism -Onset Progression and Mortality
    • Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Parkinsonism -Onset Progression and Mortality. Neurology 1967, 17: 427-442.
    • (1967) Neurology , vol.17 , pp. 427-442
    • Hoehn, M.M.1    Yahr, M.D.2
  • 40
    • 34347272319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rate of clinical progression in Parkinson's disease. A prospective study
    • DOI 10.1002/mds.21429
    • Schrag A, Dodel R, Spottke A, Bornschein B, Siebert U, Quinn NP. Rate of clinical progression in Parkinson's disease. A prospective study. Mov Disord 2007, 22: 938-945. (Pubitemid 46999288)
    • (2007) Movement Disorders , vol.22 , Issue.7 , pp. 938-945
    • Schrag, A.1    Dodel, R.2    Spottke, A.3    Bornschein, B.4    Siebert, U.5    Quinn, N.P.6
  • 41
    • 33645749795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor score of the unified Parkinson disease rating scale as a good predictor of Lewy body-associated neuronal loss in the substantia Nigra
    • Duychaerts C, Greffard S, Verny M, Bonnet AM, Beinis JY, Gallinari C, et al. Motor score of the unified Parkinson disease rating scale as a good predictor of Lewy body-associated neuronal loss in the substantia Nigra. Arch Neurol 2006, 63: 584-588.
    • (2006) Arch Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 584-588
    • Duychaerts, C.1    Greffard, S.2    Verny, M.3    Bonnet, A.M.4    Beinis, J.Y.5    Gallinari, C.6
  • 42
    • 0025954066 scopus 로고
    • Ageing and Parkinson's disease: Substantia nigra regional selectivity
    • Fearnley JM, Lees AJ. Ageing and Parkinson's disease: substantia nigra regional selectivity. Brain 1991, 114 (Pt 5): 2283-2301.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , Issue.PART 5 , pp. 2283-2301
    • Fearnley, J.M.1    Lees, A.J.2
  • 43
    • 14844300111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonlinear progression of Parkinson disease as determined by serial positron emission tomographic imaging of striatal fluorodopa F 18 activity
    • DOI 10.1001/archneur.62.3.378
    • Hilker R, Schweitzer K, Coburger S, Ghaemi M, Weisenbach S, Jacobs AH, et al. Nonlinear progression of Parkinson disease as determined by serial positron emission tomographic imaging of striatal fluorodopa F 18 activity. Arch Neurol 2005, 62: 378-382. (Pubitemid 40349472)
    • (2005) Archives of Neurology , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 378-382
    • Hilker, R.1    Schweitzer, K.2    Coburger, S.3    Ghaemi, M.4    Weisenbach, S.5    Jacobs, A.H.6    Rudolf, J.7    Herholz, K.8    Heiss, W.-D.9
  • 44
    • 0033875826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What contributes to quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease?
    • DOI 10.1136/jnnp.69.3.308
    • Schrag A, Jahanshahi M, Quinn N. What contributes to quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000, 69: 308-312. (Pubitemid 30636233)
    • (2000) Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry , vol.69 , Issue.3 , pp. 308-312
    • Schrag, A.1    Jahanshahi, M.2    Quinn, N.3
  • 45
    • 0033895282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of nursing home placement in Parkinson's disease: A population-based, prospective study
    • Aarsland D, Larsen JP, Tandberg E, Laake K. Predictors of nursing home placement in Parkinson's disease: A population-based, prospective study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000, 48: 938-942. (Pubitemid 30637303)
    • (2000) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society , vol.48 , Issue.8 , pp. 938-942
    • Aarsland, D.1    Larsen, J.P.2    Tandberg, E.3    Laake, K.4
  • 46
    • 32544432029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and management
    • DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70373-8, PII S1474442206703738
    • Chaudhuri KR, Healy DG, Schapira AHV. Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol 2006, 5: 235-245. (Pubitemid 43238347)
    • (2006) Lancet Neurology , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 235-245
    • Chaudhuri, K.R.1    Healy, D.G.2    Schapira, A.H.V.3
  • 47
    • 33744991945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder as an early marker for a neurodegenerative disorder: A descriptive study
    • DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70476-8, PII S1474442206704768
    • Iranzo A, Molinuevo JL, Santamaria J, Serradell M, Marti MJ, Valldeoriola F, et al. Rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder as an early marker for a neurodegenerative disorder: A descriptive study. Lancet Neurol 2006, 5: 572-577. (Pubitemid 43867426)
    • (2006) Lancet Neurology , vol.5 , Issue.7 , pp. 572-577
    • Iranzo, A.1    Molinuevo, J.L.2    Santamaria, J.3    Serradell, M.4    Marti, M.J.5    Valldeoriola, F.6    Tolosa, E.7
  • 50
    • 44949254186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of disability and quality of life in mild to moderate Parkinson disease
    • Muslimovic D, Post B, Speelman JD, Schmand B, de Haan RJ, Grp CS. Determinants of disability and quality of life in mild to moderate Parkinson disease. Neurology 2008, 70: 2241-2247.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.70 , pp. 2241-2247
    • Muslimovic, D.1    Post, B.2    Speelman, J.D.3    Schmand, B.4    De Haan, R.J.5    Grp, C.S.6
  • 52
    • 0031432938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of Parkinson's disease symptoms and self-reported functioning and well being
    • DOI 10.1016/S1353-8020(97)00021-7, PII S1353802097000217
    • Lyons KE, Pahwa R, Troster AI, Koller WC. A comparison of Parkinson's disease symptoms and self-reported functioning and well being. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 1997, 3: 207-209. (Pubitemid 28188831)
    • (1997) Parkinsonism and Related Disorders , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 207-209
    • Lyons, K.E.1    Pahwa, R.2    Troster, A.I.3    Koller, W.C.4
  • 53
    • 69949153066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PRIAMO study: A multicenter assessment of nonmotor symptoms and their impact on quality of life in Parkinson's disease
    • Barone P, Antonini A, Colosimo C, Marconi R, Morgante L, Avarello TP, et al. The PRIAMO study: A multicenter assessment of nonmotor symptoms and their impact on quality of life in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2009, 24: 1641-1649.
    • (2009) Mov Disord , vol.24 , pp. 1641-1649
    • Barone, P.1    Antonini, A.2    Colosimo, C.3    Marconi, R.4    Morgante, L.5    Avarello, T.P.6
  • 55
    • 84860807461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmotor versus motor symptoms: How much do they matter to health status in Parkinson's disease?
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Hinnell C, Hurt CS, Landau S, Brown RG, Samuel M. Nonmotor versus motor symptoms: How much do they matter to health status in Parkinson's disease? Mov Disord 2011.[Epub ahead of print]
    • (2011) Mov Disord
    • Hinnell, C.1    Hurt, C.S.2    Landau, S.3    Brown, R.G.4    Samuel, M.5
  • 56
    • 0030848491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39): Development and validation of a Parkinson's disease summary index score
    • DOI 10.1093/ageing/26.5.353
    • Jenkinson C, Fitzpatrick R, Peto V, Greenhall R, Hyman N. The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39): development and validation of a Parkinson's disease summary index score. Age Ageing 1997, 26: 353-357. (Pubitemid 27448379)
    • (1997) Age and Ageing , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 353-357
    • Jenkinson, C.1    Fitzpatrick, R.2    Peto, V.3    Greenhall, R.4    Hyman, N.5
  • 57
    • 33947271346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of PDQ-8 as an independent instrument in English and Chinese
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jns.2007.01.072, PII S0022510X07001013
    • Tan LC, Lau PN, Au WL, Luo N. Validation of PDQ-8 as an independent instrument in English and Chinese. J Neurol Sci 2007, 255: 77-80. (Pubitemid 46420793)
    • (2007) Journal of the Neurological Sciences , vol.255 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 77-80
    • Tan, L.C.S.1    Lau, P.-N.2    Au, W.-L.3    Luo, N.4
  • 59
    • 58349101741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson's disease
    • Simuni T, Sethi K. Nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2008, 64 Suppl 2: S65-80.
    • (2008) Ann Neurol , vol.64 SUPPL. 2
    • Simuni, T.1    Sethi, K.2
  • 60
    • 79953306427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonmotor disturbances in Parkinson's disease
    • Bassetti CL. Nonmotor disturbances in Parkinson's disease. Neurodegener Dis 2011, 8: 95-108.
    • (2011) Neurodegener Dis , vol.8 , pp. 95-108
    • Bassetti, C.L.1
  • 63
    • 0036764596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of medication on EMG patterns in individuals with Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1002/mds.10218
    • Robichaud JA, Pfann KD, Comella CL, Corcos DM. Effect of medication on EMG patterns in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2002, 17: 950-960. (Pubitemid 36041000)
    • (2002) Movement Disorders , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 950-960
    • Robichaud, J.A.1    Pfann, K.D.2    Comella, C.L.3    Corcos, D.M.4
  • 64
    • 1542376000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of deep brain stimulation and medication on bradykinesia and muscle activation in Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1093/brain/awh057
    • Vaillancourt DE, Prodoehl J, Metman LV, Bakay RA, Corcos DM. Effects of deep brain stimulation and medication on bradykinesia and muscle activation in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2004, 127: 491-504. (Pubitemid 38295467)
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , Issue.3 , pp. 491-504
    • Vaillancourt, D.E.1    Prodoehl, J.2    Metman, L.V.3    Bakay, R.A.4    Corcos, D.M.5
  • 65
    • 79960242074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of parkinsonian rigidity with contralateral hand activation
    • Powell D, Hanson N, Threlkeld AJ, Fang X, Xia R. Enhancement of parkinsonian rigidity with contralateral hand activation. Clin Neurophysiol 2011, 122: 1595-1601.
    • (2011) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.122 , pp. 1595-1601
    • Powell, D.1    Hanson, N.2    Threlkeld, A.J.3    Fang, X.4    Xia, R.5
  • 67
    • 33748309421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effects of imposed extension and flexion movements on Parkinsonian rigidity
    • DOI 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.176, PII S1388245706009503
    • Xia R, Markopoulou K, Puumala SE, Rymer WZ. A comparison of the effects of imposed extension and flexion movements on Parkinsonian rigidity. Clin Neurophysiol 2006, 117: 2302-2307. (Pubitemid 44333266)
    • (2006) Clinical Neurophysiology , vol.117 , Issue.10 , pp. 2302-2307
    • Xia, R.1    Markopoulou, K.2    Puumala, S.E.3    Rymer, W.Z.4
  • 68
    • 67649834524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of interactive effect of stretch reflex and shortening reaction on rigidity in Parkinson's disease
    • Xia R, Sun J, Threlkeld AJ. Analysis of interactive effect of stretch reflex and shortening reaction on rigidity in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2009, 120: 1400-1407.
    • (2009) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.120 , pp. 1400-1407
    • Xia, R.1    Sun, J.2    Threlkeld, A.J.3
  • 69
    • 84860812902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological and biomechanical analyses of rigidity in Parkinson's disease
    • Rana A (Eds.). Vienna, Austria: InTech
    • Xia R. Physiological and biomechanical analyses of rigidity in Parkinson's disease. In: Rana A (Eds.). Etiology and Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease. Vienna, Austria: InTech, 2011: 485-506.
    • (2011) Etiology and Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease , pp. 485-506
    • Xia, R.1
  • 70
    • 0034858086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral selective internal mammary artery angiography via right radial approach: Clinical experience with newly designed Yumiko catheter
    • Kim MH, Cha KS, Kim HJ, Kim JS. Bilateral selective internal mammary artery angiography via right radial approach: clinical experience with newly designed Yumiko catheter. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2001, 54: 19-24.
    • (2001) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv , vol.54 , pp. 19-24
    • Kim, M.H.1    Cha, K.S.2    Kim, H.J.3    Kim, J.S.4
  • 71
    • 44249097508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral tremor relations in Parkinson's disease: Effects of mechanical coupling and medication
    • DOI 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2007.09.004, PII S1353802007002040
    • Morrison S, Kerr G, Silburn P. Bilateral tremor relations in Parkinson's disease: Effects of mechanical coupling and medication. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2008, 14: 298-308. (Pubitemid 351726514)
    • (2008) Parkinsonism and Related Disorders , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 298-308
    • Morrison, S.1    Kerr, G.2    Silburn, P.3
  • 72
    • 52649147662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of life in Parkinson's disease: The relative importance of the symptoms
    • Rahman S, Griffin HJ, Quinn NP, Jahanshahi M. Quality of life in Parkinson's disease: the relative importance of the symptoms. Mov Disord 2008, 23: 1428-1434.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 1428-1434
    • Rahman, S.1    Griffin, H.J.2    Quinn, N.P.3    Jahanshahi, M.4
  • 73
    • 44449153709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of exercise interventions for people with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Goodwin VA, Richards SH, Taylor RS, Taylor AH, Campbell JL. The effectiveness of exercise interventions for people with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord 2008, 23: 631-640.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 631-640
    • Goodwin, V.A.1    Richards, S.H.2    Taylor, R.S.3    Taylor, A.H.4    Campbell, J.L.5
  • 76
    • 0036790670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term effect of body weight-supported treadmill training in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled trial
    • Miyai I, Fujimoto Y, Yamamoto H, Ueda Y, Saito T, Nozaki S, et al. Long-term effect of body weight-supported treadmill training in Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002, 83: 1370-1373.
    • (2002) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.83 , pp. 1370-1373
    • Miyai, I.1    Fujimoto, Y.2    Yamamoto, H.3    Ueda, Y.4    Saito, T.5    Nozaki, S.6
  • 79
    • 0032890731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson disease, the effect of levodopa, and the ELLDOPA trial
    • DOI 10.1001/archneur.56.5.529
    • Fahn S. Parkinson disease, the effect of levodopa, and the ELLDOPA trial. Earlier vs Later L-DOPA. Arch Neurol 1999, 56: 529-535. (Pubitemid 29218147)
    • (1999) Archives of Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.5 , pp. 529-535
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 80
    • 33750719088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TCH346 as a neuroprotective drug in Parkinson's disease: A double-blind, randomised, controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70602-0, PII S1474442206706020
    • Olanow CW, Schapira AHV, LeWitt PA, Kieburtz K, Sauer D, Olivieri G, et al. TCH346 as a neuroprotective drug in Parkinson"s disease: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2006, 5: 1013-1020. (Pubitemid 44709968)
    • (2006) Lancet Neurology , vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp. 1013-1020
    • Olanow, C.W.1    Schapira, A.H.2    LeWitt, P.A.3    Kieburtz, K.4    Sauer, D.5    Olivieri, G.6    Pohlmann, H.7    Hubble, J.8
  • 81
    • 3543056130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection in Parkinson Disease
    • DOI 10.1602/neurorx.1.1.139, PII S1545534306700141
    • Fahn S, Sulzer D. Neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in Parkinson disease. NeuroRx 2004, 1: 139-154. (Pubitemid 46589347)
    • (2004) NeuroRx , vol.1 , Issue.1 , pp. 139-154
    • Fahn, S.1    Sulzer, D.2
  • 83
    • 61949442910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we achieve neuroprotection with currently available anti-parkinsonian interventions?
    • Olanow CW. Can we achieve neuroprotection with currently available anti-parkinsonian interventions? Neurology 2009, 72: S59-64.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.72
    • Olanow, C.W.1
  • 84
    • 61449173973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, delayed start study to assess rasagiline as a disease modifying therapy in Parkinson's disease (The ADAGIO study): Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics
    • Olanow CW, Hauser RA, Jankovic J, Langston W, Lang A, Poewe W, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, delayed start study to assess rasagiline as a disease modifying therapy in Parkinson's disease (The ADAGIO study): rationale, design, and baseline characteristics. Mov Disord 2008, 23: 2194-2201.
    • (2008) Mov Disord , vol.23 , pp. 2194-2201
    • Olanow, C.W.1    Hauser, R.A.2    Jankovic, J.3    Langston, W.4    Lang, A.5    Poewe, W.6
  • 85
  • 86
    • 2342547676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effect of rasagiline in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.03.005, PII S0014488604000949
    • Blandini F, Armentero MT, Fancellu R, Blaugrund E, Nappi G. Neuroprotective effect of rasagiline in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2004, 187: 455-459. (Pubitemid 38610291)
    • (2004) Experimental Neurology , vol.187 , Issue.2 , pp. 455-459
    • Blandini, F.1    Armentero, M.T.2    Fancellu, R.3    Blaugrund, E.4    Nappi, G.5
  • 87
    • 17844406615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of neuroprotective action of the anti-Parkinson drug rasagiline and its derivatives
    • DOI 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.12.027, Glial-Neuron Crosstalk in Neuroinflamation, Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection
    • Mandel S, Weinreb O, Amit T, Youdim MB. Mechanism of neuroprotective action of the anti-Parkinson drug rasagiline and its derivatives. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2005, 48: 379-387. (Pubitemid 40590050)
    • (2005) Brain Research Reviews , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 379-387
    • Mandel, S.1    Weinreb, O.2    Amit, T.3    Youdim, M.B.H.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.