Purinergic signalling in osteoblasts

Frontiers in Bioscience

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 16-29

  Gartland, Alison ^a   Orriss, Isabel R ^b   Rumney, Robin M H ^a   Bond, Alistair P ^c   Arnett, Timothy ^b   Gallagher, James A ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Extracellular ATP; Osteoblast; P2 receptors; P2X; P2Y; Purinergic signaling

Indexed keywords

EID: 84860263545     PISSN: 27686701     EISSN: 27686698     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2741/3912     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. G. Burnstock: Purinergic nerves. Pharmacol.Rev. 24, 509-581 (1972)
2. G. Burnstock, B. Dumsday, A. Smythe: Atropine resistant excitation of the urinary bladder: the possibility of transmission via nerves releasing a purine nucleotide. Br.J.Pharmacol. 44, 451-461 (1972)
3. M. P. Abbracchio, G. Burnstock: Purinoceptors: are there families of P2X and P2Y purinoceptors? Pharmacol.Ther. 64, 445-475 (1994) (Pubitemid 24381231)
4. G. Burnstock, C. Kennedy: Is there a basis for distinguishing two types of P2-purinoceptor? Gen.Pharmacol. 16, 433-440 (1985) (Pubitemid 16250911)
5. V. Ralevic, G. Burnstock: Receptors for purines and pyrimidines. Pharmacol.Rev. 50, 413-492 (1998) (Pubitemid 28477681)
6. G. Burnstock: Purine and pyrimidine receptors. Cell Mol.Life Sci. 64, 1471-1483 (2007) (Pubitemid 46954150)
7. R. Baron. General Principles of Bone Biology. In: MJ Favus, editor. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. 5th ed ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Bone and Mineral Research; (2003)
8. S. Harada, G. A. Rodan: Control of osteoblast function and regulation of bone mass. Nature 423, 349-55 (2003) (Pubitemid 40852710)
9. H. Kumagai, B. Sacktor, C. R. Filburn: Purinergic regulation of cytosolic calcium and phosphoinositide metabolism in rat osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells. J.Bone Miner.Res. 6, 697-708 (1991)
10. H. Kumagai, H. Sakamoto, S. Guggino, C. R. Filburn, B. Sacktor: Neurotransmitter regulation of cytosolic calcium in osteoblast-like bone cells. Calcif.Tissue Int. 45, 251-254 (1989) (Pubitemid 19240501)
11. W. J. Reimer, S. J. Dixon: Extracellular nucleotides elevate [Ca2+]i in rat osteoblastic cells by interaction with two receptor subtypes. Am.J Physiol 263, C1040-C1048 (1992)
12. C. Schofl, K.S.R. Cuthbertson, C.A. Walsh, C. Mayne, P. Cobbold, A. von zur Muhlen, R.-D. Hesch, J.A. Gallagher: Evidence for P2-purinocepters on human osteoblast-like cells. J Bone Miner Res 7, 485-91 (1992)
13. H. Yu, J. Ferrier: Osteoblast-like cells have a variable mixed population of purino/nucleotide receptors. FEBS Lett. 328, 209-214 (1993) (Pubitemid 23234794)
14. W. B. Bowler, M. A. Birch, J. A. Gallagher, G. Bilbe: Identification and cloning of human P2U purinoceptor present in osteoclastoma, bone, and osteoblasts. J.Bone Miner.Res. 10, 1137-1145 (1995)
15. C. J. Dixon, W. B. Bowler, C. A. Walsh, J. A. Gallagher: Effects of extracellular nucleotides on single cells and populations of human osteoblasts: contribution of cell heterogeneity to relative potencies. Br.J.Pharmacol. 120, 777-780 (1997) (Pubitemid 27122715)
16. I. R. Orriss, G. E. Knight, S. Ranasinghe, G. Burnstock, T. R. Arnett: Osteoblast responses to nucleotides increase during differentiation. Bone 39, 300-309 (2006) (Pubitemid 43851382)
17. K. A. Buckley, S. L. Golding, J. M. Rice, J. P. Dillon, J. A. Gallagher: Release and interconversion of P2 receptor agonists by human osteoblast-like cells. Faseb J 17, 1401-10 (2003) (Pubitemid 36935655)
18. H. Ihara, K. Hirukawa, S. Goto, A. Togari: ATPstimulated interleukin-6 synthesis through P2Y receptors on human osteoblasts. Biochem.Biophys.Res. Commun. 326, 329-334 (2005) (Pubitemid 39593550)
19. R. Maier, A. Glatz, J. Mosbacher, G. Bilbe: Cloning of P2Y6 cDNAs and identification of a pseudogene: comparison of P2Y receptor subtype expression in bone and brain tissues. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 240, 298-302 (1997)
20. A. Hoebertz, A. Townsend-Nicholson, R. Glass, G. Burnstock, T. R. Arnett: Expression of P2 receptors in bone and cultured bone cells. Bone 27, 503-510 (2000)
21. K. A. Buckley, S. C. Wagstaff, G. McKay, A. Gaw, R. A. Hipskind, G. Bilbe, J. A. Gallagher, W. B. Bowler: Parathyroid hormone potentiates nucleotide-induced [Ca2+]i release in rat osteoblasts independently of Gq activation or cyclic monophosphate accumulation. A mechanism for localizing systemic responses in bone. J.Biol.Chem. 276, 9565-9571 (2001)
22. N. R. Jorgensen, S. T. Geist, R. Civitelli, T. H. Steinberg: ATP-and gap junction-dependent intercellular calcium signaling in osteoblastic cells. J.Cell Biol. 139, 497-506 (1997) (Pubitemid 27459320)
23. I. R. Orriss, G. Burnstock, T. R. Arnett: Expression of multiple P2 receptor subtypes by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Bone 44, S304-S304 (2009)
24. I. R. Orriss, G. Burnstock, T. R. Arnett: Purinergic signalling and bone remodelling. Curr Opin Pharmacol 10, 322-30 (2010)
25. S. M. Alqallaf, B. A. Evans, E. J. Kidd: Atypical P2X receptor pharmacology in two human osteoblast-like cell lines. Br.J.Pharmacol. 156, 1124-1135 (2009)
26. E. Nakamura, Y. Uezono, K. Narusawa, I. Shibuya, Y. Oishi, M. Tanaka, N. Yanagihara, T. Nakamura, F. Izumi: ATP activates DNA synthesis by acting on P2X receptors in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. Am.J.Physiol Cell Physiol 279, C510-C519 (2000)
27. A. Gartland, R. A. Hipskind, J. A. Gallagher, W. B. Bowler: Expression of a P2X7 receptor by a subpopulation of human osteoblasts. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 16, 846-56 (2001) (Pubitemid 32332294)
28. H. Z. Ke, H. Qi, A. F. Weidema, Q. Zhang, N. Panupinthu, D. T. Crawford, W. A. Grasser, V. M. Paralkar, M. Li, L. P. Audoly, C. A. Gabel, W. S. Jee, S. J. Dixon, S. M. Sims, D. D. Thompson: Deletion of the P2X7 nucleotide receptor reveals its regulatory roles in bone formation and resorption. Mol.Endocrinol. 17, 1356-1367 (2003) (Pubitemid 36819956)
29. D. Ferrari, P. Chiozzi, S. Falzoni, M. Dal Susino, G. Collo, G. Buell, F. Di Virgilio: ATP-mediated cytotoxicity in microglial cells. Neuropharmacology 36, 1295-301 (1997) (Pubitemid 27465617)
30. A. Koop, P. H. Cobbold: Continuous bioluminescent monitoring of cytoplasmic ATP in single isolated rat hepatocytes during metabolic poisoning. Biochem J 295 ( Pt 1), 165-70 (1993) (Pubitemid 23298321)
31. W. B. Bowler, A. Gartland, K. A. Buckley, S. L. Golding, J. A. Gallagher: ATP released into the extracellular environment by osteoblasts regulates differentiation and apoptosis of bone cells. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 15, S476-S476 (2000)
32. W.B. Bowler, J. A. Tattersall, R. Hussein, C. J. Dixon, P. H. Cobbold, J. A. Gallagher: Release of ATP by osteoblasts: Modulation by fluid shear forces. Bone 22, 3S (1998)
33. R. Beigi, E. Kobatake, M. Aizawa, G. R. Dubyak: Detection of local ATP release from activated platelets using cell surface-attached firefly luciferase. Am J Physiol 276, C267-78 (1999) (Pubitemid 29063590)
34. P. J. Ehrlich, L. E. Lanyon: Mechanical strain and bone cell function: a review. Osteoporos Int 13, 688-700 (2002) (Pubitemid 35000996)
35. M. Romanello, B. Pani, M. Bicego, P. D'Andrea: Mechanically induced ATP release from human osteoblastic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 289, 1275-81 (2001) (Pubitemid 34076330)
36. R. M. H. Rumney, N. Wang, A. Gartland: The role of P2X(7) receptors in ATP release from osteoblasts. Purinergic Signalling 6, 129-129 (2010)
37. D. C. Genetos, D. J. Geist, D. Liu, H. J. Donahue, R. L. Duncan: Fluid shear-induced ATP secretion mediates prostaglandin release in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 20, 41-9 (2005) (Pubitemid 41716217)
38. C. Huesa, M. H. Helfrich, R. M. Aspden: Parallel-plate fluid flow systems for bone cell stimulation. J Biomech 43, 1182-9 (2010)
39. S. Weinbaum, S. C. Cowin, Y. Zeng: A model for the excitation of osteocytes by mechanical loading-induced bone fluid shear stresses. J Biomech 27, 339-60 (1994) (Pubitemid 24061729)
40. A. Gartland, H. E. Burrell, J. P. Dillon, J. A. Gallagher: Regulation of ATP release from human osteoblasts: A calcium dependant, exocytotic vesicular mechanism. Calcified Tissue International 78, S49 (2006)
41. B. K. Mwaura, M. J. Hayton, J. P. Dillon, H. E. Burrell, J. A. Gallagher, A. Gartland: Release of ATP from human osteoblastic cell lines and primary osteoblasts occurs via exocytosis. Bone 38, 11-11 (2006)
42. R. M. H. Rumney, N. Wang, G. Reilly, A. Gartland: ATPase activity and ATP release in osteoblast cultures. Calcified Tissue International 85, 158-201 (2009)
43. I. R. Orriss, G. E. Knight, J. C. Utting, S. E. Taylor, G. Burnstock, T. R. Arnett: Hypoxia stimulates vesicular ATP release from rat osteoblasts. J Cell Physiol 220, 155-62 (2009)
44. M. Romanello, A. Codognotto, M. Bicego, A. Pines, G. Tell, P. D'Andrea: Autocrine/paracrine stimulation of purinergic receptors in osteoblasts: contribution of vesicular ATP release. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 331, 1429-38 (2005) (Pubitemid 40692515)
45. W. J. Larsen: Biological implications of gap junction structure, distribution and composition: a review. Tissue Cell 15, 645-71 (1983)
46. C. E. Stout, J. L. Costantin, C. C. Naus, A. C. Charles: Intercellular calcium signaling in astrocytes via ATP release through connexin hemichannels. J Biol Chem 277, 10482-8 (2002) (Pubitemid 34968170)
47. M. L. Cotrina, J. H. Lin, A. Alves-Rodrigues, S. Liu, J. Li, H. Azmi-Ghadimi, J. Kang, C. C. Naus, M. Nedergaard: Connexins regulate calcium signaling by controlling ATP release. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, 15735-40 (1998) (Pubitemid 29018769)
48. N. R. Jorgensen, Z. Henriksen, C. Brot, E. F. Eriksen, O. H. Sorensen, R. Civitelli, T. H. Steinberg: Human osteoblastic cells propagate intercellular calcium signals by two different mechanisms. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 15, 1024-32 (2000) (Pubitemid 30350065)
49. Y. J. Huang, Y. Maruyama, G. Dvoryanchikov, E. Pereira, N. Chaudhari, S. D. Roper: The role of pannexin 1 hemichannels in ATP release and cell-cell communication in mouse taste buds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104, 6436-41 (2007) (Pubitemid 47186112)
50. A. Baranova, D. Ivanov, N. Petrash, A. Pestova, M. Skoblov, I. Kelmanson, D. Shagin, S. Nazarenko, E. Geraymovych, O. Litvin, A. Tiunova, T. L. Born, N. Usman, D. Staroverov, S. Lukyanov, Y. Panchin: The mammalian pannexin family is homologous to the invertebrate innexin gap junction proteins. Genomics 83, 706-16 (2004) (Pubitemid 38340811)
51. E. H. Abraham, A. G. Prat, L. Gerweck, T. Seneveratne, R. J. Arceci, R. Kramer, G. Guidotti, H. F. Cantiello: The multidrug resistance (mdr1) gene product functions as an ATP channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90, 312-6 (1993) (Pubitemid 23010300)
52. K. Lovas, C. G. Gjesdal, M. Christensen, A. B. Wolff, B. Almas, J. Svartberg, K. J. Fougner, U. Syversen, J. Bollerslev, J. A. Falch, P. J. Hunt, V. K. Chatterjee, E. S. Husebye: Glucocorticoid replacement therapy and pharmacogenetics in Addison's disease: effects on bone. Eur J Endocrinol 160, 993-1002 (2009)
53. E. F. Shead, C. S. Haworth, A. M. Condliffe, D. J. McKeon, M. A. Scott, J. E. Compston: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is expressed in human bone. Thorax 62, 650-1 (2007) (Pubitemid 47056896)
54. F. Dif, C. Marty, C. Baudoin, M. C. de Vernejoul, G. Levi: Severe osteopenia in CFTR-null mice. Bone 35, 595-603 (2004) (Pubitemid 39144418)
55. L. Le Heron, C. Guillaume, F. Velard, J. Braux, L. Touqui, S. Moriceau, I. Sermet-Gaudelus, D. Laurent-Maquin, J. Jacquot: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates the production of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and prostaglandin (PG) E2 in human bone. J Cyst Fibros 9, 69-72 (2010)
56. S. O. Suadicani, C. F. Brosnan, E. Scemes: P2X7 receptors mediate ATP release and amplification of astrocytic intercellular Ca2+ signaling. J Neurosci 26, 1378-85 (2006) (Pubitemid 43237008)
57. J. Li, D. Liu, H. Z. Ke, R. L. Duncan, C. H. Turner: The P2X7 nucleotide receptor mediates skeletal mechanotransduction. J.Biol.Chem. 280, 42952-42959 (2005) (Pubitemid 43049258)
58. S. M. Vaingankar, T. A. Fitzpatrick, K. Johnson, J. W. Goding, M. Maurice, R. Terkeltaub: Subcellular targeting and function of osteoblast nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 286, C1177-87 (2004) (Pubitemid 38506933)
59. B. A. Evans, C. Elford, A. Pexa, K. Francis, A. C. Hughes, A. Deussen, J. Ham: Human osteoblast precursors produce extracellular adenosine, which modulates their secretion of IL-6 and osteoprotegerin. J Bone Miner Res 21, 228-36 (2006) (Pubitemid 43265288)
60. D. Harmey, L. Hessle, S. Narisawa, K. A. Johnson, R. Terkeltaub, J. L. Millan: Concerted regulation of inorganic pyrophosphate and osteopontin by akp2, enpp1, and ank: an integrated model of the pathogenesis of mineralization disorders. Am J Pathol 164, 1199-209 (2004) (Pubitemid 38387787)
61. D. W. Moss: Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Clin Chem 28, 2007-16 (1982) (Pubitemid 12034042)
62. L. E. Seargeant, R. A. Stinson: Evidence that three structural genes code for human alkaline phosphatases. Nature 281, 152-4 (1979) (Pubitemid 9251177)
63. M. Kiledjian, T. Kadesch: Post-transcriptional regulation of the human liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase gene. J Biol Chem 266, 4207-13 (1991) (Pubitemid 21909342)
64. B. Gomez, Jr., S. Ardakani, J. Ju, D. Jenkins, M. J. Cerelli, G. Y. Daniloff, V. T. Kung: Monoclonal antibody assay for measuring bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity in serum. Clin Chem 41, 1560-6 (1995)
65. M. Weinreb, D. Shinar, G. A. Rodan: Different pattern of alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin expression in developing rat bone visualized by in situ hybridization. J Bone Miner Res 5, 831-42 (1990) (Pubitemid 20294767)
66. J. L. Millan: Alkaline Phosphatases : Structure, substrate specificity and functional relatedness to other members of a large superfamily of enzymes. Purinergic Signal 2, 335-41 (2006)
67. K. Johnson, J. Goding, D. Van Etten, A. Sali, S. I. Hu, D. Farley, H. Krug, L. Hessle, J. L. Millan, R. Terkeltaub: Linked deficiencies in extracellular PP(i) and osteopontin mediate pathologic calcification associated with defective PC-1 and ANK expression. J Bone Miner Res 18, 994-1004 (2003) (Pubitemid 37294935)
68. I. R. Orriss, J. C. Utting, A. Brandao-Burch, K. Colston, B. R. Grubb, G. Burnstock, T. R. Arnett: Extracellular nucleotides block bone mineralisation in vitro: evidence for dual inhibitory mechanisms involving both P2Y2 receptors and pyrophosphate. Endocrinology (2007)
69. M. V. Hillsley, J. A. Frangos: Alkaline phosphatase in osteoblasts is down-regulated by pulsatile fluid flow. Calcif Tissue Int 60, 48-53 (1997) (Pubitemid 27021331)
70. Z. Schwartz, T. A. Denison, S. R. Bannister, D. L. Cochran, Y. H. Liu, C. H. Lohmann, M. Wieland, B. D. Boyan: Osteoblast response to fluid induced shear depends on substrate microarchitecture and varies with time. J Biomed Mater Res A 83, 20-32 (2007) (Pubitemid 47435645)
71. A. Costessi, A. Pines, P. D'Andrea, M. Romanello, G. Damante, L. Cesaratto, F. Quadrifoglio, L. Moro, G. Tell: Extracellular nucleotides activate Runx2 in the osteoblastlike HOBIT cell line: a possible molecular link between mechanical stress and osteoblasts' response. Bone (2005)
72. S. Katz, R. Boland, G. Santillan: Modulation of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways by ATP in osteoblasts: involvement of mechanical stress-activated calcium influx, PKC and Src activation. Int.J.Biochem.Cell Biol. 38, 2082-2091 (2006) (Pubitemid 44397616)
73. S. Katz, R. Boland, G. Santillan: Purinergic (ATP) signaling stimulates JNK1 but not JNK2 MAPK in osteoblast-like cells: contribution of intracellular Ca2+ release, stress activated and L-voltage-dependent calcium influx, PKC and Src kinases. Arch.Biochem.Biophys. 477, 244-252 (2008)
74. A. Pines, N. Bivi, M. Romanello, G. Damante, M. R. Kelley, E. D. Adamson, P. D'Andrea, F. Quadrifoglio, L. Moro, G. Tell: Cross-regulation between Egr-1 and APE/Ref-1 during early response to oxidative stress in the human osteoblastic HOBIT cell line: evidence for an autoregulatory loop. Free Radic.Res. 39, 269-281 (2005) (Pubitemid 40439389)
75. J. You, C. R. Jacobs, T. H. Steinberg, H. J. Donahue: P2Y purinoceptors are responsible for oscillatory fluid flow-induced intracellular calcium mobilization in osteoblastic cells. J.Biol.Chem. 277, 48724-48729 (2002) (Pubitemid 35470837)
76. N. R. Jorgensen, Z. Henriksen, O. H. Sorensen, E. F. Eriksen, R. Civitelli, T. H. Steinberg: Intercellular calcium signaling occurs between human osteoblasts and osteoclasts and requires activation of osteoclast P2X7 receptors. J.Biol.Chem. 277, 7574-7580 (2002) (Pubitemid 34953156)
77. D. Liu, D. C. Genetos, Y. Shao, D. J. Geist, J. Li, H. Z. Ke, C. H. Turner, R. L. Duncan: Activation of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) by fluid shear is Ca(2+)-and ATP-dependent in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Bone 42, 644-652 (2008)
78. H. Okumura, D. Shiba, T. Kubo, T. Yokoyama: P2X7 receptor as sensitive flow sensor for ERK activation in osteoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 372, 486-90 (2008)
79. N. Panupinthu, J. T. Rogers, L. Zhao, L. P. Solano-Flores, F. Possmayer, S. M. Sims, S. J. Dixon: P2X7 receptors on osteoblasts couple to production of lysophosphatidic acid: a signaling axis promoting osteogenesis. J.Cell Biol. 181, 859-871 (2008) (Pubitemid 351786989)
80. W. B. Bowler, K. A. Buckley, A. Gartland, R. A. Hipskind, G. Bilbe, J. A. Gallagher: Extracellular nucleotide signaling: a mechanism for integrating local and systemic responses in the activation of bone remodeling. Bone 28, 507-12 (2001) (Pubitemid 32410002)
81. W. B. Bowler, C. J. Dixon, C. Halleux, R. Maier, G. Bilbe, W. D. Fraser, J. A. Gallagher, R. A. Hipskind: Signaling in human osteoblasts by extracellular nucleotides. Their weak induction of the c-fos protooncogene via Ca2+ mobilization is strongly potentiated by a parathyroid hormone/cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway independently of mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 274, 14315-24 (1999)
82. M. J. Hayton, J. P. Dillon, D. Glynn, J. M. Curran, J. A. Gallagher, K. A. Buckley: Involvement of adenosine 5'-triphosphate in ultrasound-induced fracture repair. Ultrasound Med Biol 31, 1131-8 (2005) (Pubitemid 41115854)
83. E. L. Pacheco-Pantoja, J. P. Dillon, P. J. M. Wilson, L. Ranganath, W. D. Fraser, J. A. Gallagher: Extracellular ATP, signalling through P2 receptors, synergises with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide to induce cfos in osteoblastic cells. Bone 44, S356-S356 (2009)
84. S. Shimegi: ATP and adenosine act as a mitogen for osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1). Calcif Tissue Int 58, 109-13 (1996) (Pubitemid 26049440)
85. S. J. Jones, C. Gray, A. Boyde, G. Burnstock: Purinergic transmitters inhibit bone formation by cultured osteoblasts. Bone 21, 393-9 (1997) (Pubitemid 27485307)
86. A. Hoebertz, S. Mahendran, G. Burnstock, T. R. Arnett: ATP and UTP at low concentrations strongly inhibit bone formation by osteoblasts: a novel role for the P2Y2 receptor in bone remodeling. J.Cell Biochem. 86, 413-419 (2002) (Pubitemid 36076158)
87. I. R. Orriss, H. R. Evans, A. Gartland, T. R. Arnett: Microct analysis of P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptor knockout mice demonstrates significant changes in bone phenotype. Calcified Tissue International 83, 2-3 (2008)
88. F. Rassendren, G. N. Buell, C. Virginio, G. Collo, R. A. North, A. Surprenant: The permeabilizing ATP receptor, P2X7. Cloning and expression of a human cDNA. J Biol Chem 272, 5482-6 (1997) (Pubitemid 27102368)
89. N. Panupinthu, L. Zhao, F. Possmayer, H. Z. Ke, S. M. Sims, S. J. Dixon: P2X7 nucleotide receptors mediate blebbing in osteoblasts through a pathway involving lysophosphatidic acid. J Biol Chem 282, 3403-12 (2007) (Pubitemid 47084361)
90. Y. Watanabe-Tomita, A. Suzuki, J. Shinoda, Y. Oiso, O. Kozawa: Arachidonic acid release induced by extracellular ATP in osteoblasts: role of phospholipase D. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 57, 335-339 (1997) (Pubitemid 27454270)
91. K. A. Johnson, L. Hessle, S. Vaingankar, C. Wennberg, S. Mauro, S. Narisawa, J. W. Goding, K. Sano, J. L. Millan, R. Terkeltaub: Osteoblast tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase antagonizes and regulates PC-1. Am.J.Physiol Regul.Integr.Comp Physiol 279, R1365-R1377 (2000)
92. S. S. Wildman, R. J. Unwin, B. F. King: Extended pharmacological profiles of rat P2Y2 and rat P2Y4 receptors and their sensitivity to extracellular H+ and Zn2+ ions. Br J Pharmacol 140, 1177-86 (2003) (Pubitemid 38117421)
93. K. A. Buckley, R. A. Hipskind, A. Gartland, W. B. Bowler, J. A. Gallagher: Adenosine triphosphate stimulates human osteoclast activity via upregulation of osteoblastexpressed receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand. Bone 31, 582-90 (2002) (Pubitemid 35449700)
94. K. A. Jacobson, J. M. Boeynaems: P2Y nucleotide receptors: promise of therapeutic applications. Drug Discov Today 15, 570-8 (2010)