Metabolic characteristics in ruminants of the proteins in newly developed hull-less barley varieties with altered starch traits

Journal of Cereal Science

Volumn 55, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 351-360

  Damiran, Daalkhaijav ^a   Yu, Peiqiang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN   (Canada)

Author keywords

Hull less barley; Protein metabolic characteristic; Ruminants; Starch structure alteration

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BOS; BOVIDAE; CALAMUS ROTANG; HORDEUM;

EID: 84860004323     PISSN: 07335210     EISSN: 10959963     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.01.006     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. AOAC Official Methods of Analysis 1990, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA. 15th ed.
2. Beliveau R.M., McKinnon J.J. Effect of graded levels of wheat-based dried distillers' grains with solubles on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci 2008, 88:677-684.
3. Bhatty R.S. β-glucan content and viscosities of barleys and their roller milled flour and bran products. Cereal Chem 1992, 69:469-471.
4. Bhatty R.S. Nonmalting uses of barley. Proc. 1993 Barley Chemistry and Technology 1993, 355-417. American Association of Cereal Chemists Inc., St. Paul, MN. A.W. MacGregor, R.S. Bhatty (Eds.).
5. Bhatty R.S. The potential of hull-less barley - a review. Cereal Chem 1999, 76:589-599.
6. Calsamiglia S., Stern M.D. A three step in vitro procedure for estimating intestinal digestion of protein in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci 1995, 73:1459-1465.
7. Camm, G.A., 2008. Grain hardness and slow dry matter disappearance rate in barley. M.S. thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
8. Canadian Council on Animal Care Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals 1993, vol. 1. Canadian Council on Animal Care, Ottawa, Canada. second ed.
9. Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) Barley 2009, [Online]. Available at:, (accessed 12.02.09). http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/pbrpov/cropreport/bare.shtml.
10. CVB, Central Veevoeder Bureau, 1996. Voorlopig protocol voor in sacco pensincubatie voor het meten van eiwitbestendigheid.
11. Damiran D., Yu P. Chemical profile, rumen degradation kinetics and energy value of four hull-less barley cultivars: comparison of the zero-amylose waxy, waxy, and high-amylose and normal starch cultivars. J. Agric. Food Chem 2010, 58:10553-10559.
12. Damiran D., Yu P. Molecular basis of structural makeup of hulless barley in relation to rumen degradation kinetics and intestinal availability in dairy cattle: a novel approach. J. Dairy Sci 2011, 94:5151-5159.
13. Edney M., Tkachuk R., MacGregor A.W. Nutrient composition of the hull-less barley cultivar, Condor. J. Sci. Food Agric 1992, 60:451-456.
14. FAOSTAT Production and Trade 2009, [Online]. Available at:, (accessed 28.01.09). http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx%3fPageID%3d567%23anc or.
15. Foley A.E., Hristov A.N., Melgar A., Ropp J.K., Etter R.P., Zaman S., Hunt C.W. Effect of barley and its amylopectin content on ruminal fermentation and nitrogen utilization in lactation dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci 2006, 89:4321-4335.
16. Heendeniya, R.G., 2008. Utilization of canola seed fractions in ruminant feeds. MSc thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
17. Hesselman K., Thomke S. Influence of some factors on development of viscosity in the water-extract of barley. Swed. J. Agric. Res 1982, 12:17-22.
18. Hristov A.N., Ropp J.K., Hunt C.W. Effect of barley and its amylopectin content on ruminal fermentation and bacterial utilization of ammonia-N in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol 2002, 99:25-36.
19. Izydorczyk M.S., Dexter J.E. Barley β-glucans and arabinoxylans: molecular structure, physicochemical properties, and uses in food products - a review. Food Res. Int 2008, 41:850-868.
20. McAllister T.A., Phillippe R.C., Rode L.M., Cheng K.J. Effects of the protein matrix on the digestion of cereal grains by ruminal microorganisms. J. Anim. Sci 1993, 71:205-212.
21. McCleary B.V., Gibson C.C., Mugford C.C. Measurements of total starch in cereal products by amyloglucosidase alpha-amylase method. Collaborative study. AOAC Int 1997, 80:571-579.
22. McKinnon J.J., Olubobokun J.A., Mustafa A., Cohen R.D.H., Christensen D.A. Influence of dry heat treatment of canola meal on site and extent of nutrient disappearance in ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol 1995, 56:243-252.
23. National Research Council (NRC) Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle 2001, Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC. seventh ed.
24. Nocek J.E. In situ and other methods to estimate ruminal protein and energy digestibility: a review. J. Dairy Sci 1988, 71:2051-2069.
25. Nuez-Ortin W.G., Yu P. Effects of bio-ethanol plant and co-product type on the metabolic characteristics of the proteins in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci 2010, 93:3775-3783.
26. Ørskov E.R., McDonald I. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to the rate of passage. J. Agric. Sci. (Cambr.) 1979, 92:499-503.
27. Ovenell-Roy K.H., Nelson M.L., Froseth J.A., Parish S.M., Martin E.L. Variation in chemical composition and nutritional quality among barley cultivars for ruminants: steer finishing performance, diet digestibilities and carcass characteristics. Can. J. Anim. Sci 1998, 78:369-375.
28. Ramsey P.B., Mathison G.W., Goonewardene L.A. Relationships between ruminal dry matter and starch disappearance and apparent digestibility of barley grain. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol 2001, 94:155-170.
29. Rossnagel, B.G., Zatorski, T., Arganosa, G., 2005. Food barley development at the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan. In: Proc.18th North Amer. Barley Res. Workshop and 4th Canadian Barley Symposium, Red Deer, Alberta, Canada. July 17-20.
30. Sniffen C.J., O'Connor J.D., Van Soest P.J., Fox D.G., Russell J.B. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. J. Anim. Sci 1992, 70(11):3562-3577.
31. Surber L.M., Bowman J.G., Blake T.K., Hinman D.D., Boss D.L., Blackhurst T.C. Prediction of barley feed quality for beef cattle from laboratory analyses. Proc. West Sec. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci 2000, 51:454-457.
32. Tamminga S., Van Straalen W.M., Subnel A.P.J., Meijer R.G.M., Steg A., Wever C.J.G., Block M.C. The Dutch protein evaluation system: the DVE/OEB-system. Livestock Prod. Sci 1994, 40:139-155.
33. Tamminga S., Brandsma G.G., Duinkerken G.V., Vuuren A.M.V., Blok M.C. Protein Evaluation for Ruminants: The DVE/OEB 2007-System 2007, CVB documentation report 53.
34. Urdl M., Gruber L., Hausler J., Maierhofer G., Schauer A. Influence of distillers dried grains with solubles (Starprot) in dairy cow feeding. Slovak. J. Anim. Sci 2006, 39:43-50.
35. Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B., Lewis B.A. Carbohydrate methodology, metabolism and nutritional implications in dairy cattle. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci 1991, 74:3583-3597.
36. Verite, R., Geay, Y., 1987. Evaluation and implementation of the PDI system in France. Feed valuation and protein requirement systems for ruminants. Brussels.
37. Yang W.Z., Beauchemin K.A., Farr B.I., Rode L.M. Comparison of barley, hull-less barley, and corn in the concentrate of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci 1997, 80:2885-2895.
38. Yu P. Prediction of protein supply to ruminants from concentrates: comparison of the NRC-2001 model with the DVE/OEB system. J. Sci. Food Agric 2005, 85:527-538.
39. Yu P., Meier J.A., Christensen D.A., Rossnagel B.G., McKinnon J.J. Using the NRC-2001 model and the DVE/OEB system to evaluate nutritive values of Harrington (malting-type) and Valier (feed-type) barley for ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol 2003, 107:45-60.
40. Yu P., Christensen D.A., McKinnon J.J. Comparison of the national research council-2001 model with the Dutch system (DVE) in prediction of nutrient supply to dairy cows from forages. J. Dairy Sci 2003, 86:2178-2192.
41. Yu P., Christensen D.A., Christensen C.R., Drew M.D., Rossnagel B.G., McKinnon J.J. Use of synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy to identify chemical differences in barley endosperm tissue in relation to rumen degradation characteristics. Can. J. Anim. Sci 2004, 84:523-527.
42. Yu P., Goelema J.O., Tamminga S. Using the DVE/OEB model to determine optimal conditions of pressure toasting on Horse beans (Vicia faba) for the dairy feed industry. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol 2000, 86:165-176.
43. Zheng G.H., Rossnagel B.G., Tyler R.T., Bhatty R.S. Distribution of β-glucan in the grain of hull-less barley. Cereal Chem 2000, 77:140-144.
44. Zinn R.A., Montano M., Shen Y. Comparative feeding value of hull-less vs covered barley for feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci 1996, 74:1187-1193.
45. Zobel H.F. Molecules to granules: a comprehensive starch review. Starch/Stärke 1988, 40:44-50.