Road to the nursing home: Costs and disease progression among medicare beneficiaries with ADRD

American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and other Dementias

Volumn 27, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 90-99

  Bentkover, Judith ^a   Cai, Shubing ^a   Makineni, Rajesh ^a   Mucha, Lisa ^b   Treglia, Michael ^c   Mor, Vincent ^a  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PFIZER INC   (United States)

^c HealthMetrics Outcomes Research   (United States)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease and dementia; cognitive and functional decline; Medicare expenditures; nursing homes

Indexed keywords

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ALZHEIMER DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDER; ARTICLE; COMORBIDITY; DISEASE COURSE; ETHNICITY; FEMALE; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICARE; NURSING CARE; NURSING HOME; NURSING MINIMUM DATA SET; REIMBURSEMENT; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY;

EID: 84859798675     PISSN: 15333175     EISSN: 19382731     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1533317512440494     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Alzheimers Association. 2011 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures 2011. http://www.alz.org/downloads/Facts-Figures-2011.pdf. Accessed on March 6, 2012.
2. Hebert LE, Scherr PA, Bienias JL, Bennett DA, Evans DA. Alzheimer disease in the US population prevalence estimates using the 2000 census. Arch Neurol. 2003;60(8):1119-1122. (Pubitemid 36975801)
3. Akomolafe A, Beiser A, Meigs JB, et al. Diabetes mellitus and risk of developing Alzheimer disease: results from the Framingham study. Arch Neurol. 2006;63(11):1551-1555. (Pubitemid 44748797)
4. Arvanitakis Z, Wilson RS, Bienias JL, Evans DA, Bennett DA. Diabetes mellitus and risk of Alzheimer disease and decline in cognitive function. Arch Neurol. 2004;61(5):661-666. (Pubitemid 38637681)
5. Biessels GJ, Staekenborg S, Brunner E, Brayne C, Scheltens P. Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5(1):64-74. (Pubitemid 41790697)
6. Brayne C, Gao L, Matthews F. Challenges in the epidemiological investigation of the relationships between physical activity, obesity, diabetes, dementia and depression. Neurobiol Aging. 2005; 26(suppl 1):6-10.
7. Craft S, Watson GS. Insulin and neurodegenerative disease: shared and specific mechanisms. Lancet Neurol. 2004;3(3):169-178. (Pubitemid 38229951)
8. Ott A, Stolk RP, van Harskamp F, Pols HA, Hofman A, Breteler MM. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of dementia: the Rotterdam study. Neurology. 1999;53(9):1937-1942.
9. Pasquier F, Boulogne A, Leys D, Fontaine P. Diabetes mellitus and dementia. Diabetes Metab. 2006;32(5 pt 1):403-414. (Pubitemid 44841847)
10. Sato T, Shimogaito N, Wu X, Kikuchi S, Yamagishi S, Takeuchi M. Toxic advanced glycation end products (TAGE) theory in Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2006; 21(3):197-208. (Pubitemid 44051058)
11. Schnaider Beeri M, Goldbourt U, Silverman JM, et al. Diabetes mellitus in midlife and the risk of dementia three decades later. Neurology. 2004;63(10):1902-1907. (Pubitemid 39532388)
12. Shiiki T, Ohtsuki S, Kurihara A, Naganuma H, et al. Brain insulin impairs amyloid-beta(1-40) clearance from the brain. J Neurosci. 2004;24(43):9632-9637. (Pubitemid 39441517)
13. Watson GS, Craft S. The role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: implications for treatment. CNS Drugs. 2003;17(1):27-45. (Pubitemid 36044347)
14. Whitmer RA. Type 2 diabetes and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2007;7(5):373-380. (Pubitemid 47422778)
15. Hebert LE, Beckett LA, Scherr PA, Evans DA. Annual incidence of Alzheimer disease in the United States projected to the years 2000 through 2050. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2001;15(4):169-173. (Pubitemid 33117032)
16. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention and the Merck Company Foundation. The State of Aging and Health in America, 2007. 2007.
17. Mauskopf J, Mucha L. A review of the methods used to estimate the cost of Alzheimer's disease in the United States. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2011;26(4):298-309.
18. Mor V, Intrator O, Unruh MA, Cai S. Temporal and geographic variation in the validity and internal consistency of the nursing home resident assessment minimum data set 2.0. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:78.
19. Mor V, Angelelli J, Jones R, Roy J, Moore T, Morris J. I. Inter-rater reliability of nursing home quality indicators in the U.S. BMC Health Serv Res. 2003;3(1):20.
20. Intrator O, Hiris J, Berg K, Miller SC, Mor V. The residential history file: studying nursing home residents' long-term care histories(*). Health Serv Res. 2011;46(1 pt 1):120-137.
21. Morris JN, Fries BE, Morris SA. Scaling ADLs within the MDS. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999;54(11):M546-M553. (Pubitemid 30017614)
22. Morris JN, Fries BE, Mehr DR, et al. MDS Cognitive Performance Scale. J Gerontol. 1994;49(4):M174-M182. (Pubitemid 24215003)
23. Mor V, Gruneir A, Feng Z, Grabowski DC, Intrator O, Zinn J. The effect of state policies on nursing home resident outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(1):3-9.
24. Albert SM, Sano M, Bell K, Merchant C, Small S, Stern Y. Hourly care received by people with Alzheimer's disease: results from an urban, community survey. Gerontologist. 1998;38(6):704-714. (Pubitemid 29006445)
25. Ernst RL, Hay JW, Fenn C, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage JA. Cognitive function and the costs of Alzheimer disease. An exploratory study. Arch Neurol. 1997;54(6):687-693.
26. Fillenbaum G, Heyman A, Peterson BL, Pieper CF, Weiman AL, et al. Use and cost of hospitalization of patients with AD by stage and living arrangement:CERADXXI.Neurology. 2001;56(2):201-206. (Pubitemid 32095361)
27. Fillenbaum G, Heyman A, Peterson BL, Pieper CF, Weiman AL. Use and cost of outpatient visits of AD patients: CERAD XXII. Neurology. 2001;56(12):1706- 1711. (Pubitemid 32574571)
28. Harrow BS, Mahoney DF, Mendelsohn AB, et al. Variation in cost of informal caregiving and formal-service use for people with Alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2004; 19(5):299-308. (Pubitemid 39382859)
29. Leon J, Cheng CK, Neumann PJ. Alzheimer's disease care: costs and potential savings. Health Aff (Millwood). 1998;17(6): 206-216. (Pubitemid 128465102)
30. Leon J, Neumann PJ. The cost of Alzheimer's disease in managed care: a cross-sectional study. Am J Manag Care. 1999;5(7): 867-877. (Pubitemid 29356812)
31. Marin D, Amaya K, Casciano R, et al. Impact of rivastigmine on costs and on time spent in caregiving for families of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Int Psychogeriatr. 2003;15(4):385-398. (Pubitemid 38186257)
32. Max W, Webber P, Fox P. Alzheimer's disease. The unpaid burden of caring. J Aging Health. 1995;7(2):179-199.
33. Murman DL, Chen Q, Powell MC, Kuo SB, Bradley CJ, Colenda CC. The incremental direct costs associated with behavioral symptoms in AD. Neurology. 2002;59(11):1721-1729. (Pubitemid 35424453)
34. Rice DP, Fox PJ, Max W, et al. The economic burden of Alzheimer's disease care. Health Aff (Millwood). 1993;12(2):164-176. (Pubitemid 23220072)
35. Small GW, McDonnell DD, Brooks RL, Papadopoulos G. The impact of symptom severity on the cost of Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(2):321-327. (Pubitemid 34132433)
36. Zhu CW, Leibman C, Townsend R, et al. Bridging from clinical endpoints to estimates of treatment value for external decision makers. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(3):256-259.
37. Zhu CW, Scarmeas N, Torgan R, et al. Clinical characteristics and longitudinal changes of informal cost of Alzheimer's disease in the community. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54(10):1596-1602. (Pubitemid 44564156)
38. Zhu CW, Scarmeas N, Torgan R, et al. Clinical features associated with costs in early AD: baseline data from the predictors study. Neurology. 2006;66(7):1021-1028. (Pubitemid 44044785)
39. Zhu CW, Leibman C, McLaughlin T, et al. The effects of patient function and dependence on costs of care in Alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(8):1497-1503.
40. Zhu CW, Torgan R, Scarmeas N, et al. Home health and informal care utilization and costs over time in Alzheimer's disease. Home Health Care Serv Q. 2008;27(1):1-20.
41. Zhu CW, Scarmeas N, Torgan R, et al. Longitudinal study of effects of patient characteristics on direct costs in Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2006;67(6):998-1005. (Pubitemid 44454592)
42. Zhu CW, Leibman C, McLaughlin T, et al. Patient dependence and longitudinal changes in costs of care in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2008;26(5):416-423.
43. Jack CR, Jr., Albert MS, Knopman DS, et al. Introduction to the recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):257-262.
44. Song Y, Skinner J, Bynum J, Sutherland J, Wennberg JE, Fisher ES. Regional variations in diagnostic practices. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(1):45-53.
45. Lin PJ, Kaufer DI, Maciejewski ML, Ganguly R, Paul JE, Biddle AK. An examination of Alzheimer's disease case definitions using medicare claims and survey data. AlzheimersDement. 2010;6(4):334-341.
46. Miller SC, Lima J, Gozalo PL, Mor V. The growth of hospice care in U.S. nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(8):1481-1488.
47. Gozalo P, Teno JM, Mitchell SL, et al. End-of-life transitions among nursing home residents with cognitive issues. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(13):1212- 1221.
48. Teno JM, Mitchell SL, Gozalo PL, et al. Hospital characteristics associated with feeding tube placement in nursing home residents with advanced cognitive impairment. JAMA. 2010;303(6):544-550.