메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 91, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 1105-1112

Innate immune response to yeast-derived carbohydrates in broiler chickens fed organic diets and challenged with clostridium perfringens

Author keywords

Chicken; Gut morphology; Immunomodulation; Mannan oligosacharide; Prebiotic

Indexed keywords

AVES; CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS; GALLUS GALLUS;

EID: 84859714482     PISSN: 00325791     EISSN: 15253171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-02109     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (76)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 43449097190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor gene expression in cecum and spleen of advanced intercross line chicks infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis
    • Abasht, B., M. G. Kaiser, and S. J. Lamont. 2008. Toll-like receptor gene expression in cecum and spleen of advanced intercross line chicks infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 123:314-323.
    • (2008) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.123 , pp. 314-323
    • Abasht, B.1    Kaiser, M.G.2    Lamont, S.J.3
  • 2
    • 34547693551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of purified lignin and mannan oligosaccharides on intestinal integrity and microbial populations in the ceca and litter of broiler chickens
    • Baurhoo, B., L. Phillip, and C. A. Ruiz-Feria. 2007. Effects of purified lignin and mannan oligosaccharides on intestinal integrity and microbial populations in the ceca and litter of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 86:1070-1078.
    • (2007) Poult. Sci. , vol.86 , pp. 1070-1078
    • Baurhoo, B.1    Phillip, L.2    Ruiz-Feria, C.A.3
  • 3
    • 78650151796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxinotyping of necrotic enteritis-producing and commensal isolates of Clostridium perfringens from chickens fed organic diets
    • Brady, J., J. D. Hernandez-Doria, C. Bennett, W. Guenter, J. D. House, and J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte. 2010. Toxinotyping of necrotic enteritis-producing and commensal isolates of Clostridium perfringens from chickens fed organic diets. Avian Pathol. 39:475-481.
    • (2010) Avian Pathol , vol.39 , pp. 475-481
    • Brady, J.1    Hernandez-Doria, J.D.2    Bennett, C.3    Guenter, W.4    House, J.D.5    Rodriguez-Lecompte, J.C.6
  • 5
    • 84859723983 scopus 로고
    • Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC), CCAC, Canadian Council of Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
    • Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC). 1993. Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animal. CCAC, Vol. 1. Canadian Council of Animal Care, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
    • (1993) Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animal , vol.1
  • 6
    • 37349116251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrotic enteritis potential in a model system using Clostridium perfringens isolated from field outbreaks
    • Chalmers, G., H. L. Bruce, D. L. Toole, D. A. Barnum, and P. Boerlin. 2007. Necrotic enteritis potential in a model system using Clostridium perfringens isolated from field outbreaks. Avian Dis. 51:834-839.
    • (2007) Avian Dis , vol.51 , pp. 834-839
    • Chalmers, G.1    Bruce, H.L.2    Toole, D.L.3    Barnum, D.A.4    Boerlin, P.5
  • 7
    • 80053147418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of in ovo administration of mannan oligosaccharide on small intestine development during the pre- and posthatch periods in chickens
    • Cheled-Shoval, S. L., E. Amit-Romach, M. Barbakov, and Z. Uni. 2011. The effect of in ovo administration of mannan oligosaccharide on small intestine development during the pre- and posthatch periods in chickens. Poult. Sci. 90:2301-2310.
    • (2011) Poult. Sci. , vol.90 , pp. 2301-2310
    • Cheled-Shoval, S.L.1    Amit-Romach, E.2    Barbakov, M.3    Uni, Z.4
  • 9
    • 61449084532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing gut health through nutrition
    • Choct, M. 2009. Managing gut health through nutrition. Br. Poult. Sci. 50:9-15.
    • (2009) Br. Poult. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 9-15
    • Choct, M.1
  • 11
    • 77952094088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virulence of Clostridium perfringens in an experimental model of poultry nectrotic enteritis
    • Cooper, K. K., and J. G. Songer. 2010. Virulence of Clostridium perfringens in an experimental model of poultry nectrotic enteritis. Vet. Microbiol. 142:323-328.
    • (2010) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.142 , pp. 323-328
    • Cooper, K.K.1    Songer, J.G.2
  • 13
    • 0035253732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MD-2 enables Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated responses to lipopolysaccharide and enhances TLR2-mediated responses to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and their cell wall components
    • Dziarski, R., Q. Wang, K. Miyake, C. J. Kirschning, and D. Gupta. 2001. MD-2 enables Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-mediated responses to lipopolysaccharide and enhances TLR2-mediated responses to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and their cell wall components. J. Immunol. 166:1938-1944.
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.166 , pp. 1938-1944
    • Dziarski, R.1    Wang, Q.2    Miyake, K.3    Kirschning, C.J.4    Gupta, D.5
  • 14
    • 0037400739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative burst mediated by toll like receptors (TLR) and CD14 on avian heterophils stimulated with bacterial toll agonists
    • Farnell, M. B., T. L. Crippenb, H. Heb, C. L. Swaggerty, and M. H. Kogut. 2003. Oxidative burst mediated by toll like receptors (TLR) and CD14 on avian heterophils stimulated with bacterial toll agonists. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 27:423-429.
    • (2003) Dev. Comp. Immunol. , vol.27 , pp. 423-429
    • Farnell, M.B.1    Crippenb, T.L.2    Heb, H.3    Swaggerty, C.L.4    Kogut, M.H.5
  • 15
    • 0035861638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and functional characterization of chicken toll-like receptors. A single chicken toll covers multiple molecular patterns
    • Fukui, A., N. Inoue, M. Matsumoto, M. Nomura, K. Yamada, Y. Matsuda, K. Toyoshima, and T. Seya. 2001. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of chicken toll-like receptors. A single chicken toll covers multiple molecular patterns. J. Biol. Chem. 276:47143-47149.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , pp. 47143-47149
    • Fukui, A.1    Inoue, N.2    Matsumoto, M.3    Nomura, M.4    Yamada, K.5    Matsuda, Y.6    Toyoshima, K.7    Seya, T.8
  • 16
    • 0033961736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens b2-toxin amongst animals determined using genotyping and subtyping PCR assays
    • Garmory, H. S., N. Chanter, N. P. French, D. Bueschel, J. G. Songer, and R. W. Titball. 2000. Occurrence of Clostridium perfringens b2-toxin amongst animals determined using genotyping and subtyping PCR assays. Epidemiol. Infect. 124:61-67.
    • (2000) Epidemiol. Infect. , vol.124 , pp. 61-67
    • Garmory, H.S.1    Chanter, N.2    French, N.P.3    Bueschel, D.4    Songer, J.G.5    Titball, R.W.6
  • 18
    • 32244436414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and phenotypical characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolates from poultry flocks with different disease status
    • Gholamiandekhordi, A. R., R. Ducatelle, M. Heyndrickx, F. Haesebrouck, and F. Van Immerseel. 2006. Molecular and phenotypical characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolates from poultry flocks with different disease status. Vet. Microbiol. 113:143-152.
    • (2006) Vet. Microbiol. , vol.113 , pp. 143-152
    • Gholamiandekhordi, A.R.1    Ducatelle, R.2    Heyndrickx, M.3    Haesebrouck, F.4    van Immerseel, F.5
  • 19
    • 77954307881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of prebiotics in poultry production
    • Hajati, H., and M. Rezaei. 2010. The application of prebiotics in poultry production. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 9:298-304.
    • (2010) Int. J. Poult. Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 298-304
    • Hajati, H.1    Rezaei, M.2
  • 20
    • 0034040208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gram-positive bacteria are potent inducers of monocytic interleukin-12 (IL-12) while gram-negative bacteria preferentially stimulate IL-10 production
    • Hessle, C., B. Andersson, and A. E. Wold. 2000. Gram-positive bacteria are potent inducers of monocytic interleukin-12 (IL-12) while gram-negative bacteria preferentially stimulate IL-10 production. Infect. Immun. 68:3581-3586.
    • (2000) Infect. Immun. , vol.68 , pp. 3581-3586
    • Hessle, C.1    Andersson, B.2    Wold, A.E.3
  • 21
    • 0037354895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using competitive exclusion, mannan-oligosaccharide and other intestinal products to control necrotic enteritis
    • Hofacre, C. L., T. Beacorn, S. Collett, and G. Mathis. 2003. Using competitive exclusion, mannan-oligosaccharide and other intestinal products to control necrotic enteritis. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 12:60-64.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Poult. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 60-64
    • Hofacre, C.L.1    Beacorn, T.2    Collett, S.3    Mathis, G.4
  • 22
    • 69949126088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and tissues distribution of reduced folate carrier (RFC) and effect of dietary folate supplementation on the expression of RFC in laying hens
    • Jing, M., G. B. Tactacan, J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, A. Kroeker, and J. D. House. 2009. Molecular cloning and tissues distribution of reduced folate carrier (RFC) and effect of dietary folate supplementation on the expression of RFC in laying hens. Poult. Sci. 88:1939-1947.
    • (2009) Poult. Sci. , vol.88 , pp. 1939-1947
    • Jing, M.1    Tactacan, G.B.2    Rodriguez-Lecompte, J.C.3    Kroeker, A.4    House, J.D.5
  • 23
    • 79960196868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binding of zearalenone, aflatoxin B1, and ochratoxin A by yeast-based products: A method for quantification of adsorption performance
    • Joannis-Cassan, C., M. Tozlovanu, K. Hadjeba-Medjdoub, N. Ballet, and A. Pfohl-Leszkowicz. 2011. Binding of zearalenone, aflatoxin B1, and ochratoxin A by yeast-based products: A method for quantification of adsorption performance. J. Food Prot. 74:1175-1185.
    • (2011) J. Food Prot. , vol.74 , pp. 1175-1185
    • Joannis-Cassan, C.1    Tozlovanu, M.2    Hadjeba-Medjdoub, K.3    Ballet, N.4    Pfohl-Leszkowicz, A.5
  • 25
    • 0036892895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immune responses of human neonatal cells to bacteria from the normal gastrointestinal flora
    • Karlsson, H., C. Hessle, and A. Rudin. 2002. Innate immune responses of human neonatal cells to bacteria from the normal gastrointestinal flora. Infect. Immun. 70:6688-6696.
    • (2002) Infect. Immun. , vol.70 , pp. 6688-6696
    • Karlsson, H.1    Hessle, C.2    Rudin, A.3
  • 27
    • 33750493301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-toxin of Clostridium perfringens is not an essential virulence factor in necrotic enteritis in chickens
    • Keyburn, A. L., S. A. Sheedy, M. E. Ford, M. M. Williamson, M. M. Awad, J. I. Rood, and R. J. Moore. 2006. Alpha-toxin of Clostridium perfringens is not an essential virulence factor in necrotic enteritis in chickens. Infect. Immun. 74:6496-6500.
    • (2006) Infect. Immun. , vol.74 , pp. 6496-6500
    • Keyburn, A.L.1    Sheedy, S.A.2    Ford, M.E.3    Williamson, M.M.4    Awad, M.M.5    Rood, J.I.6    Moore, R.J.7
  • 28
    • 13844251885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IFN gamma priming of chicken heterophils upregulates the expression of proinflammatory and Th1 cytokine mRNA following receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis
    • Kogut, M. H., L. Rothwell, and P. Kaiser. 2005. IFN gamma priming of chicken heterophils upregulates the expression of proinflammatory and Th1 cytokine mRNA following receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 5:73-81.
    • (2005) J. Interferon Cytokine Res. , vol.5 , pp. 73-81
    • Kogut, M.H.1    Rothwell, L.2    Kaiser, P.3
  • 29
    • 77449093071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous lysozyme influences Clostridium perfringens colonization and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens
    • Liu, D., Y. Guo, Z. Wang, and J. Yuan. 2010. Exogenous lysozyme influences Clostridium perfringens colonization and intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. 39:17-24.
    • (2010) Avian Pathol , vol.39 , pp. 17-24
    • Liu, D.1    Guo, Y.2    Wang, Z.3    Yuan, J.4
  • 30
    • 70350741516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression profile of genes in toll-like receptor-mediated signaling of broilers infected with Clostridium perfringens
    • Lu, Y., A. J. Sarson, J. Gong, H. Zhou, W. Zhu, Z. Kang, H. Yu, S. Sharif, and Y. Han. 2009. Expression profile of genes in toll-like receptor-mediated signaling of broilers infected with Clostridium perfringens. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 26:1639-1647.
    • (2009) Clin. Vaccine Immunol , vol.26 , pp. 1639-1647
    • Lu, Y.1    Sarson, A.J.2    Gong, J.3    Zhou, H.4    Zhu, W.5    Kang, Z.6    Yu, H.7    Sharif, S.8    Han, Y.9
  • 32
    • 61449125869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of potassium diformate on growth performance and gut microbiota in broiler chickens challenged with necrotic enteritis
    • Mikkelsen, L. L., J. K. Vidanarachchi, C. G. Olnood, Y. M. Bao, P. H. Selle, and M. Choct. 2009. Effect of potassium diformate on growth performance and gut microbiota in broiler chickens challenged with necrotic enteritis. Br. Poult. Sci. 50:66-75.
    • (2009) Br. Poult. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 66-75
    • Mikkelsen, L.L.1    Vidanarachchi, J.K.2    Olnood, C.G.3    Bao, Y.M.4    Selle, P.H.5    Choct, M.6
  • 33
    • 40949124780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in Clostridium perfringens betatoxin-induced plasma extravasation in mice
    • Nagahama, M., A. Kihara, H. Kintoh, M. Oda, and J. Sakurai. 2008. Involvement of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in Clostridium perfringens betatoxin-induced plasma extravasation in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 153:1296-1302.
    • (2008) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.153 , pp. 1296-1302
    • Nagahama, M.1    Kihara, A.2    Kintoh, H.3    Oda, M.4    Sakurai, J.5
  • 34
    • 41849140826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunopathology and cytokine responses in broiler chickens coinfected with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens with the use of an animal model of necrotic enteritis
    • Park, S. S., H. S. Lillehoj, P. C. Allen, D. W. Park, S. FitzCoy, D. A. Bautista, and E. P. Lillehoj. 2008. Immunopathology and cytokine responses in broiler chickens coinfected with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens with the use of an animal model of necrotic enteritis. Avian Dis. 52:14-22.
    • (2008) Avian Dis , vol.52 , pp. 14-22
    • Park, S.S.1    Lillehoj, H.S.2    Allen, P.C.3    Park, D.W.4    Fitzcoy, S.5    Bautista, D.A.6    Lillehoj, E.P.7
  • 36
    • 41849099960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducible infection model for Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens
    • Pedersen, K., L. Bjerrum, O. E. Heuer, D. M. A. L. F. Wong, and B. Nauerby. 2008. Reproducible infection model for Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. Avian Dis. 52:34-39.
    • (2008) Avian Dis , vol.52 , pp. 34-39
    • Pedersen, K.1    Bjerrum, L.2    Heuer, O.E.3    Wong D. M. A. L., F.4    Nauerby, B.5
  • 37
    • 0035108279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validities of mRNA quantification using recombinant RNA and recombinant DNA external calibration curves in real-time RT-PCR
    • Pfaffl, M. W., and M. Hageleit. 2001. Validities of mRNA quantification using recombinant RNA and recombinant DNA external calibration curves in real-time RT-PCR. Biotechnol. Lett. 23:275-282.
    • (2001) Biotechnol. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 275-282
    • Pfaffl, M.W.1    Hageleit, M.2
  • 38
    • 13144281722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defects in the interferon-γ and interleukin-12 pathways
    • Rosenzweig, S. D., and M. S. Holland. 2005. Defects in the interferon-γ and interleukin-12 pathways. Immunol. Rev. 203:38-47.
    • (2005) Immunol. Rev. , vol.203 , pp. 38-47
    • Rosenzweig, S.D.1    Holland, M.S.2
  • 39
    • 0038205797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct binding of Toll-like receptor 2 to zymosan, and zymosan-induced NF-κB activation and TNF-α secretion are down-regulated by lung collectin surfactant protein A
    • Sato, M., H. Sano, D. Iwaki, K. Kudo, M. Konishi, H. Takahashi, T. Takahashi, H. Imaizumi, Y. Asai, and Y. Kuroki. 2003. Direct binding of Toll-like receptor 2 to zymosan, and zymosan-induced NF-κB activation and TNF-α secretion are down-regulated by lung collectin surfactant protein A. J. Immunol. 171:417-425.
    • (2003) J. Immunol. , vol.171 , pp. 417-425
    • Sato, M.1    Sano, H.2    Iwaki, D.3    Kudo, K.4    Konishi, M.5    Takahashi, H.6    Takahashi, T.7    Imaizumi, H.8    Asai, Y.9    Kuroki, Y.10
  • 40
    • 0242419798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of feeding mannan oligosaccharide supplemented diets to poults on performance and the morphology of the small intestine
    • (Abstr.)
    • Savage, T. F., E. I. Zakrzewska, and J. R. Andreasen Jr. 1997. The effects of feeding mannan oligosaccharide supplemented diets to poults on performance and the morphology of the small intestine. Poult. Sci. 76(Suppl. 1):139. (Abstr.)
    • (1997) Poult. Sci. , vol.76 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 139
    • Savage, T.F.1    Zakrzewska, E.I.2    Andreasen Jr., J.R.3
  • 41
    • 35848931665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inulin and oligofructose: Review of experimental data on immune modulation
    • Seifert, S., and B. Watzl. 2007. Inulin and oligofructose: Review of experimental data on immune modulation. J. Nutr. 137:2563S-2567S.
    • (2007) J. Nutr. , vol.137
    • Seifert, S.1    Watzl, B.2
  • 42
    • 84859718180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mannan oligosaccharides in poultry nutrition: Mechanism and benefits. Pages 65-77 in Science and Technology in the Feed Industry
    • Symp. T. P. Lyons and K. A. Jacques, ed. Nottingham Univ. Press, Nottingham, UK
    • Shane, M. S. 2001. Mannan oligosaccharides in poultry nutrition: Mechanism and benefits. Pages 65-77 in Science and Technology in the Feed Industry. Proc. Alltech's 17th Annu. Symp. T. P. Lyons and K. A. Jacques, ed. Nottingham Univ. Press, Nottingham, UK.
    • (2001) Proc. Alltech's 17th Annu.
    • Shane, M.S.1
  • 43
    • 0035313274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 4 mediates intracellular signaling without TNF-α release in response to Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide capsule
    • Shoham, S., C. Huang, J. M. Chen, D. T. Golenbock, and S. M. Levitz. 2001. Toll-like receptor 4 mediates intracellular signaling without TNF-α release in response to Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide capsule. J. Immunol. 166:4620-4626.
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.166 , pp. 4620-4626
    • Shoham, S.1    Huang, C.2    Chen, J.M.3    Golenbock, D.T.4    Levitz, S.M.5
  • 44
    • 34250176212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal maturation is accelerated in turkey poults supplemented with a mannan-oligosaccharide yeast extract (Alphamune)
    • Solis de los Santos, F., A. M. Donoghue, M. B. Farnell, G. R. Huff, W. E. Huff, and D. J. Donoghue. 2007. Gastrointestinal maturation is accelerated in turkey poults supplemented with a mannan-oligosaccharide yeast extract (Alphamune). Poult. Sci. 86:921-930.
    • (2007) Poult. Sci. , vol.86 , pp. 921-930
    • Solis de los Santos, F.1    Donoghue, A.M.2    Farnell, M.B.3    Huff, G.R.4    Huff, W.E.5    Donoghue, D.J.6
  • 45
    • 0021505053 scopus 로고
    • Effects of diet and antimicrobials on growth, feed efficiency, intestinal Clostridium perfringens and ileal weight of broiler chicks
    • Stutz, M. W., and G. C. Lawton. 1984. Effects of diet and antimicrobials on growth, feed efficiency, intestinal Clostridium perfringens and ileal weight of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 63:2036-2042.
    • (1984) Poult. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 2036-2042
    • Stutz, M.W.1    Lawton, G.C.2
  • 47
    • 79961146045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrotic enteritis in broilers: An updated review on the pathogenesis
    • Timbermont, L., F. Haesebrouck, R. Ducatelle, and F. Van Immerseel. 2011. Necrotic enteritis in broilers: An updated review on the pathogenesis. Avian Pathol. 40:341-347.
    • (2011) Avian Pathol , vol.40 , pp. 341-347
    • Timbermont, L.1    Haesebrouck, F.2    Ducatelle, R.3    van Immerseel, F.4
  • 48
    • 0037313578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptive immunity
    • Trinchieri, G. 2003. Interleukin-12 and the regulation of innate resistance and adaptive immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3:133-146.
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 133-146
    • Trinchieri, G.1
  • 50
    • 33646447833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of hen-egg antibodies on Clostridium perfringens colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens
    • Wilkie, D. C., A. G. Van Kessel, T. J. Dumonceaux, and M. D. Drew. 2006. The effect of hen-egg antibodies on Clostridium perfringens colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Prev. Vet. Med. 74:279-292.
    • (2006) Prev. Vet. Med. , vol.74 , pp. 279-292
    • Wilkie, D.C.1    van Kessel, A.G.2    Dumonceaux, T.J.3    Drew, M.D.4
  • 51
    • 0034537687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective pressure by antibiotics in livestock
    • Witte, W. 2000. Selective pressure by antibiotics in livestock. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 16:19-24.
    • (2000) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents , vol.16 , pp. 19-24
    • Witte, W.1
  • 52
    • 34249855773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance, the development of gut microflora, and gut function of broiler chickens raised on new litter
    • Yang, Y., P. A. Iji, A. Kocher, L. L. Mikkelsen, and M. Choct. 2007. Effects of mannanoligosaccharide on growth performance, the development of gut microflora, and gut function of broiler chickens raised on new litter. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 16:280-288.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Poult. Res. , vol.16 , pp. 280-288
    • Yang, Y.1    Iji, P.A.2    Kocher, A.3    Mikkelsen, L.L.4    Choct, M.5
  • 53
    • 53349089881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of mannanoligosacharide and fructooligosacharide on the response of broilers to pathogenic Escherichia coli challenge
    • Yang, Y., P. A. Iji, A. Kocher, L. L. Mikkelsen, and M. Choct. 2008. Effects of mannanoligosacharide and fructooligosacharide on the response of broilers to pathogenic Escherichia coli challenge. Br. Poult. Sci. 49:550-559.
    • (2008) Br. Poult. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 550-559
    • Yang, Y.1    Iji, P.A.2    Kocher, A.3    Mikkelsen, L.L.4    Choct, M.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.