메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 100, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 782-794

Reversal of multicentury tree growth improvements and loss of synchrony at mountain tree lines point to changes in key drivers

Author keywords

Altitudinal gradients; Chile; Climate change; Nothofagus pumilio; Patagonia; Pinus albicaulis; Plant climate interactions; Tree line ecotone

Indexed keywords

ALTITUDE; BASAL AREA; CLIMATE CHANGE; CONIFEROUS TREE; DEMOGRAPHY; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; ECOTONE; GLOBAL WARMING; GROWTH RATE; MOUNTAIN REGION; POPULATION DECLINE; RECRUITMENT (POPULATION DYNAMICS); SYNCHRONY; TEMPERATURE EFFECT; TREELINE; TWENTIETH CENTURY;

EID: 84859710020     PISSN: 00220477     EISSN: 13652745     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01955.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (46)

References (78)
  • 2
    • 0031810436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bioclimatic classification of Chile: woodland communities in the temperate zone
    • Amigo, J. & Ramírez, C. (1998) A bioclimatic classification of Chile: woodland communities in the temperate zone. Plant Ecology, 136, 9-26.
    • (1998) Plant Ecology , vol.136 , pp. 9-26
    • Amigo, J.1    Ramírez, C.2
  • 3
    • 0031981633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree water relations and climatic variations at the alpine timberline: seasonal changes of sap flux and xylem water potential of Larix decidua Miller, Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Pinus cembra L
    • Anfodillo, T., Rento, S., Carraro, V., Furlanetto, L., Urbinati, C. & Carrer, M. (1998) Tree water relations and climatic variations at the alpine timberline: seasonal changes of sap flux and xylem water potential of Larix decidua Miller, Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Pinus cembra L. Annals of Forest Science, 55, 159-172.
    • (1998) Annals of Forest Science , vol.55 , pp. 159-172
    • Anfodillo, T.1    Rento, S.2    Carraro, V.3    Furlanetto, L.4    Urbinati, C.5    Carrer, M.6
  • 4
    • 71449121164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatio-temporal rainfall patterns in Southern South America
    • Aravena, J.C. & Luckman, B.H. (2009) Spatio-temporal rainfall patterns in Southern South America. International Journal of Climatology, 29, 2106-2120.
    • (2009) International Journal of Climatology , vol.29 , pp. 2106-2120
    • Aravena, J.C.1    Luckman, B.H.2
  • 5
    • 33745958272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity -evidence since the middle of the 20th century
    • Boisvenue, C. & Running, S.W. (2006) Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity -evidence since the middle of the 20th century. Global Change Biology, 12, 862-882.
    • (2006) Global Change Biology , vol.12 , pp. 862-882
    • Boisvenue, C.1    Running, S.W.2
  • 6
    • 1842711759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pace and pattern of recent treeline dynamics: response of ecotones to climatic variability in the Spanish Pyrenees
    • Camarero, J.J. & Gutiérrez, E. (2004) Pace and pattern of recent treeline dynamics: response of ecotones to climatic variability in the Spanish Pyrenees. Climatic Change, 63, 181-200.
    • (2004) Climatic Change , vol.63 , pp. 181-200
    • Camarero, J.J.1    Gutiérrez, E.2
  • 7
    • 33646686137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term change in the sensitivity of tree-ring growth to climate forcing in Larix decidua
    • Carrer, M. & Urbinati, C. (2006) Long-term change in the sensitivity of tree-ring growth to climate forcing in Larix decidua. New Phytologist, 170, 861-872.
    • (2006) New Phytologist , vol.170 , pp. 861-872
    • Carrer, M.1    Urbinati, C.2
  • 9
    • 79951570124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What defines mast seeding? Spatio-temporal patterns of cone production by whitebark pine
    • Crone, E.E., McIntire, E.J.B. & Brodie, J. (2011) What defines mast seeding? Spatio-temporal patterns of cone production by whitebark pine. Journal of Ecology, 99, 438-444.
    • (2011) Journal of Ecology , vol.99 , pp. 438-444
    • Crone, E.E.1    McIntire, E.J.B.2    Brodie, J.3
  • 10
    • 0036189443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic regeneration at the Nothofagus pumilio alpine timberline in Tierra del Fuego, Chile
    • Cuevas, J.G. (2002) Episodic regeneration at the Nothofagus pumilio alpine timberline in Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Journal of Ecology, 90, 52-60.
    • (2002) Journal of Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 52-60
    • Cuevas, J.G.1
  • 11
    • 0035666999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance and climate warming influences on New Zealand Nothofagus tree-line population dynamics
    • Cullen, L.E., Stewart, G.H., Duncan, R.P. & Palmer, J.G. (2001) Disturbance and climate warming influences on New Zealand Nothofagus tree-line population dynamics. Journal of Ecology, 89, 1061-1071.
    • (2001) Journal of Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 1061-1071
    • Cullen, L.E.1    Stewart, G.H.2    Duncan, R.P.3    Palmer, J.G.4
  • 12
    • 0242277033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional and local effects of disturbance and climate on altitudinal treelines in northern Patagonia
    • Daniels, L.D. & Veblen, T.T. (2003) Regional and local effects of disturbance and climate on altitudinal treelines in northern Patagonia. Journal of Vegetation Science, 14, 733-742.
    • (2003) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.14 , pp. 733-742
    • Daniels, L.D.1    Veblen, T.T.2
  • 13
    • 4444332461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal influences of climate on altitudinal treeline in northern Patagonia
    • Daniels, L.D. & Veblen, T.T. (2004) Spatiotemporal influences of climate on altitudinal treeline in northern Patagonia. Ecology, 85, 1284-1296.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 1284-1296
    • Daniels, L.D.1    Veblen, T.T.2
  • 14
    • 0030743638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature variations during the last century at high elevation
    • Díaz, H.F. & Bradley, R.S. (1997) Temperature variations during the last century at high elevation. Climatic Change, 36, 253-279.
    • (1997) Climatic Change , vol.36 , pp. 253-279
    • Díaz, H.F.1    Bradley, R.S.2
  • 15
    • 0036741949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal area growth of sugar maple in relation to acid deposition, stand health, and soil nutrients
    • Duchesne, L., Ouimet, R. & Houle, D. (2002) Basal area growth of sugar maple in relation to acid deposition, stand health, and soil nutrients. Journal of Environmental Quality, 31, 1676-1683.
    • (2002) Journal of Environmental Quality , vol.31 , pp. 1676-1683
    • Duchesne, L.1    Ouimet, R.2    Houle, D.3
  • 16
    • 1842534564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling climate change-driven treeline shifts: relative effects of temperature increase, dispersal and invasibility
    • Dullinger, S., Dirnböck, T. & Grabherr, G. (2004) Modelling climate change-driven treeline shifts: relative effects of temperature increase, dispersal and invasibility. Journal of Ecology, 92, 241-252.
    • (2004) Journal of Ecology , vol.92 , pp. 241-252
    • Dullinger, S.1    Dirnböck, T.2    Grabherr, G.3
  • 17
    • 0024877950 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of errors in tree age estimates based on increment cores in Kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydiodes)
    • Duncan, R.P. (1989) An evaluation of errors in tree age estimates based on increment cores in Kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydiodes). New Zealand Natural Sciences, 16, 31-37.
    • (1989) New Zealand Natural Sciences , vol.16 , pp. 31-37
    • Duncan, R.P.1
  • 18
    • 79551532419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing local from global climate influences in the variation of carbon status with altitude in a tree line species
    • Fajardo, A., Piper, F.I. & Cavieres, L.A. (2011) Distinguishing local from global climate influences in the variation of carbon status with altitude in a tree line species. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20, 307-318.
    • (2011) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.20 , pp. 307-318
    • Fajardo, A.1    Piper, F.I.2    Cavieres, L.A.3
  • 19
    • 0030425531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical vegetation zones along 30°N latitude in humid East Asia
    • Fang, J.Y., Oshawa, M. & Kira, T. (1996) Vertical vegetation zones along 30°N latitude in humid East Asia. Vegetatio, 126, 135-149.
    • (1996) Vegetatio , vol.126 , pp. 135-149
    • Fang, J.Y.1    Oshawa, M.2    Kira, T.3
  • 20
    • 0001628320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gap Light Analyzer (GLA), Version 2.0: image processing software to analyze true-colour, hemispherical canopy photographs
    • Frazer, G.W., Canham, C.D. & Lertzman, K.P. (2000) Gap Light Analyzer (GLA), Version 2.0: image processing software to analyze true-colour, hemispherical canopy photographs. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 81, 191-197.
    • (2000) Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America , vol.81 , pp. 191-197
    • Frazer, G.W.1    Canham, C.D.2    Lertzman, K.P.3
  • 22
    • 5344229460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Height growth response of tree line black spruce to recent climate warming across the forest-tundra of Eastern Canada
    • Gamache, I. & Payette, S. (2004) Height growth response of tree line black spruce to recent climate warming across the forest-tundra of Eastern Canada. Journal of Ecology, 92, 835-845.
    • (2004) Journal of Ecology , vol.92 , pp. 835-845
    • Gamache, I.1    Payette, S.2
  • 24
    • 0036802049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of climate change on the tree line
    • Grace, J., Berninger, F. & Nagy, L. (2002) Impacts of climate change on the tree line. Annals of Botany, 90, 537-544.
    • (2002) Annals of Botany , vol.90 , pp. 537-544
    • Grace, J.1    Berninger, F.2    Nagy, L.3
  • 26
    • 79956018281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treeline form - a potential key to understanding treeline dynamics
    • Harsch, M.A. & Bader, M.Y. (2011) Treeline form - a potential key to understanding treeline dynamics. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 20, 582-596.
    • (2011) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.20 , pp. 582-596
    • Harsch, M.A.1    Bader, M.Y.2
  • 27
    • 70349104098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are treeline advancing? A global meta-analysis of treeline response to climate warming
    • Harsch, M.A., Hulme, P.E., McGlone, M.S. & Duncan, R.P. (2009) Are treeline advancing? A global meta-analysis of treeline response to climate warming. Ecology Letters, 12, 1040-1049.
    • (2009) Ecology Letters , vol.12 , pp. 1040-1049
    • Harsch, M.A.1    Hulme, P.E.2    McGlone, M.S.3    Duncan, R.P.4
  • 28
    • 0028981645 scopus 로고
    • Responses to recent climate warming of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus cembra within their transition zone in the Swiss Alps
    • Hättenschwiler, S. & Körner, C. (1995) Responses to recent climate warming of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus cembra within their transition zone in the Swiss Alps. Journal of Vegetation Science, 6, 357-368.
    • (1995) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.6 , pp. 357-368
    • Hättenschwiler, S.1    Körner, C.2
  • 29
    • 84859715338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global patterns of mobile carbon stores in trees at the high elevation treeline
    • Hoch, G. & Körner, C. (2012) Global patterns of mobile carbon stores in trees at the high elevation treeline. Global Ecology and Biogeography, doi:
    • (2012) Global Ecology and Biogeography
    • Hoch, G.1    Körner, C.2
  • 30
    • 0036106369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth and dieback of Aspen forests in northwestern Alberta, Canada, in relation to climate and insects
    • Hogg, E.H., Brandt, J.P. & Kochtubajda, B. (2002) Growth and dieback of Aspen forests in northwestern Alberta, Canada, in relation to climate and insects. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 32, 823-832.
    • (2002) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.32 , pp. 823-832
    • Hogg, E.H.1    Brandt, J.P.2    Kochtubajda, B.3
  • 31
    • 28244462508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and response of northern hemisphere altitudinal and polar treelines to environmental change at landscape and local scales
    • Holtmeier, F.-K. & Broll, G. (2005) Sensitivity and response of northern hemisphere altitudinal and polar treelines to environmental change at landscape and local scales. Global Ecology & Biogeography, 14, 395-410.
    • (2005) Global Ecology & Biogeography , vol.14 , pp. 395-410
    • Holtmeier, F.-K.1    Broll, G.2
  • 34
    • 0026304649 scopus 로고
    • High-altitude and high-latitude tree growth in relation to past, present and future global climate change
    • Innes, J.L. (1991) High-altitude and high-latitude tree growth in relation to past, present and future global climate change. Holocene, 1, 168-173.
    • (1991) Holocene , vol.1 , pp. 168-173
    • Innes, J.L.1
  • 35
    • 0342323817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global controls of forest line elevation in the northern and southern hemisphere
    • Jobbágy, E.G. & Jackson, R.B. (2000) Global controls of forest line elevation in the northern and southern hemisphere. Global Ecology & Biogeography, 9, 253-268.
    • (2000) Global Ecology & Biogeography , vol.9 , pp. 253-268
    • Jobbágy, E.G.1    Jackson, R.B.2
  • 36
    • 0035957741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of climate over the last millennium
    • Jones, P.D., Osborn, T.J. & Briffa, K.R. (2001) The evolution of climate over the last millennium. Science, 292, 662-667.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 662-667
    • Jones, P.D.1    Osborn, T.J.2    Briffa, K.R.3
  • 37
    • 33749854512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid climate change-related growth decline at the southern range edge of Fagus sylvatica
    • Jump, A.S., Hunt, J.M. & Peñuelas, J. (2006) Rapid climate change-related growth decline at the southern range edge of Fagus sylvatica. Global Change Biology, 12, 2163-2174.
    • (2006) Global Change Biology , vol.12 , pp. 2163-2174
    • Jump, A.S.1    Hunt, J.M.2    Peñuelas, J.3
  • 38
    • 0000704981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate models -projections of future climate
    • eds J.T. Houghton, L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg & K. Maskell) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • Kattenberg, A., Giorgi, F., Grasl, H., Meehl, G.A., Mitchell, J.F.B., Stouffer, R.J. et al. (1996) Climate models -projections of future climate. Climate Change 1995 (eds J.T. Houghton, L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg & K. Maskell ), pp. 285-358. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
    • (1996) Climate Change 1995 , pp. 285-358
    • Kattenberg, A.1    Giorgi, F.2    Grasl, H.3    Meehl, G.A.4    Mitchell, J.F.B.5    Stouffer, R.J.6
  • 39
    • 0028165061 scopus 로고
    • The evolutionary ecology of mast seeding
    • Kelly, D. (1994) The evolutionary ecology of mast seeding. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 465-470.
    • (1994) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.9 , pp. 465-470
    • Kelly, D.1
  • 41
    • 0002750677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whitebark pine decline: infection, mortality, and population trends
    • eds D.F. Tomback, S. Arno & R.E. Keane) Island Press, Washington DC.
    • Kendall, K.C. & Keane, R.E. (2001) Whitebark pine decline: infection, mortality, and population trends. Whitebark Pine Communities: Ecology and Restoration (eds D.F. Tomback, S. Arno & R.E. Keane ), pp. 221-242. Island Press, Washington DC.
    • (2001) Whitebark Pine Communities: Ecology and Restoration , pp. 221-242
    • Kendall, K.C.1    Keane, R.E.2
  • 42
    • 78649799801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing water-use efficiency and age-specific growth responses of old-growth ponderosa pine trees in the Northern Rockies
    • Knapp, P.A. & Soulé, P.T. (2011) Increasing water-use efficiency and age-specific growth responses of old-growth ponderosa pine trees in the Northern Rockies. Global Change Biology, 17, 631-641.
    • (2011) Global Change Biology , vol.17 , pp. 631-641
    • Knapp, P.A.1    Soulé, P.T.2
  • 43
    • 2642619383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation
    • Körner, C. (1998) A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation. Oecologia, 115, 445-459.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.115 , pp. 445-459
    • Körner, C.1
  • 45
    • 2142840993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A worldwide study of high altitude treeline temperatures
    • Körner, C. & Paulsen, J. (2004) A worldwide study of high altitude treeline temperatures. Journal of Biogeography, 31, 713-732.
    • (2004) Journal of Biogeography , vol.31 , pp. 713-732
    • Körner, C.1    Paulsen, J.2
  • 46
    • 0036191987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid recent range-margin rise of tree and shrub species in the Swedish Scandes
    • Kullman, L. (2002) Rapid recent range-margin rise of tree and shrub species in the Swedish Scandes. Journal of Ecology, 90, 68-87.
    • (2002) Journal of Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 68-87
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 47
    • 33845648546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree line population monitoring of Pinus sylvestris in the Swedish Scandes, 1973-2005: implications for tree line theory and climate change ecology
    • Kullman, L. (2007) Tree line population monitoring of Pinus sylvestris in the Swedish Scandes, 1973-2005: implications for tree line theory and climate change ecology. Journal of Ecology, 95, 41-52.
    • (2007) Journal of Ecology , vol.95 , pp. 41-52
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 48
    • 64549134657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-little ice age tree line rise and climate warming in the Swedish Scandes: a landscape ecological perspective
    • Kullman, L. & Öberg, L. (2009) Post-little ice age tree line rise and climate warming in the Swedish Scandes: a landscape ecological perspective. Journal of Ecology, 97, 415-429.
    • (2009) Journal of Ecology , vol.97 , pp. 415-429
    • Kullman, L.1    Öberg, L.2
  • 49
  • 50
    • 20044373839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variation in Nothofagus pumilio growth at tree line along its latitudinal range (35 40′-55 S) in the Chilean Andes
    • Lara, A., Villalba, R., Wolodarsky-Franke, A., Aravena, J.C., Luckman, B.H. & Cuq, E. (2005) Spatial and temporal variation in Nothofagus pumilio growth at tree line along its latitudinal range (35 40′-55 S) in the Chilean Andes. Journal of Biogeography, 32, 879-893.
    • (2005) Journal of Biogeography , vol.32 , pp. 879-893
    • Lara, A.1    Villalba, R.2    Wolodarsky-Franke, A.3    Aravena, J.C.4    Luckman, B.H.5    Cuq, E.6
  • 51
    • 21744439533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological histories from Alaskan tree lines provide insight into future change
    • Lloyd, A.H. (2005) Ecological histories from Alaskan tree lines provide insight into future change. Ecology, 86, 1687-1695.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1687-1695
    • Lloyd, A.H.1
  • 52
    • 0036130219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variability in the growth and climate response of treeline trees in Alaska
    • Lloyd, A.H. & Fastie, C.L. (2002) Spatial and temporal variability in the growth and climate response of treeline trees in Alaska. Climatic Change, 52, 481-509.
    • (2002) Climatic Change , vol.52 , pp. 481-509
    • Lloyd, A.H.1    Fastie, C.L.2
  • 53
    • 0033694196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest ecotone response to climate change: sensitivity to temperature response functional forms
    • Loehle, C. (2000) Forest ecotone response to climate change: sensitivity to temperature response functional forms. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 30, 1632-1645.
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.30 , pp. 1632-1645
    • Loehle, C.1
  • 56
    • 33845682129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological factors explaining the location of the boundary between the mixedwood and coniferous bioclimatic zones in the boreal biome of eastern North America
    • Messaoud, Y., Bergeron, Y. & Leduc, A. (2007) Ecological factors explaining the location of the boundary between the mixedwood and coniferous bioclimatic zones in the boreal biome of eastern North America. Global Ecology & Biogeography, 16, 90-102.
    • (2007) Global Ecology & Biogeography , vol.16 , pp. 90-102
    • Messaoud, Y.1    Bergeron, Y.2    Leduc, A.3
  • 57
    • 33751538667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human land-use, forest dynamics and tree growth at the treeline in the Western Italian Alps
    • Motta, R., Morales, M. & Nola, P. (2006) Human land-use, forest dynamics and tree growth at the treeline in the Western Italian Alps. Annals of Forest Science, 63, 739-747.
    • (2006) Annals of Forest Science , vol.63 , pp. 739-747
    • Motta, R.1    Morales, M.2    Nola, P.3
  • 58
    • 1842615044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of climate on radial growth of Pinus cembra within the alpine timberline ecotone
    • Oberhuber, W. (2004) Influence of climate on radial growth of Pinus cembra within the alpine timberline ecotone. Tree Physiology, 24, 291-301.
    • (2004) Tree Physiology , vol.24 , pp. 291-301
    • Oberhuber, W.1
  • 59
  • 61
    • 0031708430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of stress in the mortality of midwestern oaks as indicated by growth prior to death
    • Pedersen, B.S. (1998) The role of stress in the mortality of midwestern oaks as indicated by growth prior to death. Ecology, 79, 79-93.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 79-93
    • Pedersen, B.S.1
  • 63
    • 80053231593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No evidence of carbon limitation with tree age and height in Nothofagus pumilio under Mediterranean and temperate climate conditions
    • Piper, F.I. & Fajardo, A. (2011) No evidence of carbon limitation with tree age and height in Nothofagus pumilio under Mediterranean and temperate climate conditions. Annals of Botany, 108, 907-917.
    • (2011) Annals of Botany , vol.108 , pp. 907-917
    • Piper, F.I.1    Fajardo, A.2
  • 64
    • 70149113077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Development Core Team. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna
    • R Development Core Team. (2009) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna,
    • (2009) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 65
    • 0031761054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in radial tree growth for Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pinus cembra, and Pinus uncinata near the alpine timberline since 1750
    • Rolland, C., Petitcolas, V. & Michalet, R. (1998) Change in radial tree growth for Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pinus cembra, and Pinus uncinata near the alpine timberline since 1750. Trees, 13, 40-53.
    • (1998) Trees , vol.13 , pp. 40-53
    • Rolland, C.1    Petitcolas, V.2    Michalet, R.3
  • 70
    • 0028981804 scopus 로고
    • Forest expansion and climate change in the mountain hemlock (Tsuga martensiana) zone, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, USA
    • Taylor, A.H. (1995) Forest expansion and climate change in the mountain hemlock (Tsuga martensiana) zone, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research, 27, 207-216.
    • (1995) Arctic and Alpine Research , vol.27 , pp. 207-216
    • Taylor, A.H.1
  • 71
    • 42149116215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pathogens at alpine treeline: consequences for treeline dynamics
    • Tomback, D.F. & Resler, L.M. (2007) Invasive pathogens at alpine treeline: consequences for treeline dynamics. Physical Geography, 28, 397-418.
    • (2007) Physical Geography , vol.28 , pp. 397-418
    • Tomback, D.F.1    Resler, L.M.2
  • 73
    • 0001951474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology of Southern Chilean and Argentinean Nothofagus forests
    • (eds T.T. Veblen, R.S. Hill & J. Read) Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
    • Veblen, T.T., Donoso, C., Kitzberger, T. & Rebertus, A. (1996) Ecology of Southern Chilean and Argentinean Nothofagus forests. The Ecology and Biogeography of Nothofagus Forests (eds T.T. Veblen, R.S. Hill & J. Read ), pp. 293-353. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
    • (1996) The Ecology and Biogeography of Nothofagus Forests , pp. 293-353
    • Veblen, T.T.1    Donoso, C.2    Kitzberger, T.3    Rebertus, A.4
  • 74
    • 55049104600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Has global change induced divergent trends in radial growth of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis at their bioclimatic limit? The example of the Sainte-Baume forest (south-east France)
    • Vila, B., Vennetier, M., Ripert, C., Chandioux, O., Liang, E., Guibal, F. et al. (2008) Has global change induced divergent trends in radial growth of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus halepensis at their bioclimatic limit? The example of the Sainte-Baume forest (south-east France). Annals of Forest Science, 65, 709.
    • (2008) Annals of Forest Science , vol.65 , pp. 709
    • Vila, B.1    Vennetier, M.2    Ripert, C.3    Chandioux, O.4    Liang, E.5    Guibal, F.6
  • 75
    • 0030845109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent trends in tree-ring records from high elevation sites in the Andes of northern Patagonia
    • Villalba, R., Boninsegna, J.A., Veblen, T.T., Schmelter, A. & Rubulis, S. (1997) Recent trends in tree-ring records from high elevation sites in the Andes of northern Patagonia. Climatic Change, 36, 425-454.
    • (1997) Climatic Change , vol.36 , pp. 425-454
    • Villalba, R.1    Boninsegna, J.A.2    Veblen, T.T.3    Schmelter, A.4    Rubulis, S.5
  • 76
    • 0042769824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale temperature changes across the southern Andes: 20th-century variations in the context of the past 400years
    • Villalba, R., Lara, A., Boninsegna, J.A., Masiokas, M., Delgado, S., Aravena, J.C. et al. (2003) Large-scale temperature changes across the southern Andes: 20th-century variations in the context of the past 400years. Climatic Change, 59, 177-232.
    • (2003) Climatic Change , vol.59 , pp. 177-232
    • Villalba, R.1    Lara, A.2    Boninsegna, J.A.3    Masiokas, M.4    Delgado, S.5    Aravena, J.C.6
  • 78
    • 78650862532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast stable restricted maximum likelihood and marginal likelihood estimation of semiparametric generalized linear models
    • Wood, S.N. (2011) Fast stable restricted maximum likelihood and marginal likelihood estimation of semiparametric generalized linear models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 73, 3-36.
    • (2011) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology) , vol.73 , pp. 3-36
    • Wood, S.N.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.