Between a rock and a hard place: Insurgent fratricide, ethnic defection, and the rise of pro-state paramilitaries

Journal of Conflict Resolution

Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 16-40

  Staniland, Paul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

Civil war; Counterinsurgency; Insurgency; South Asia

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859335249     PISSN: 00220027     EISSN: 15528766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022002711429681     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Balasingham AdeleThe Will to Freedom: An Inside View of Tamil Resistance. Mitcham, UK: Fairmax; 2003:.
2. Baweja Harinder."A Calculated Gamble.".India Today. 1994;June 15:67.
3. Behera Navnita ChadhaDemystifying Kashmir. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press; 2006:.
4. Bose SumantraKashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 2003:.
5. Bose SumantraTerror, Insurgency, and the State. Heiberg MarianneO'Leary, BrendanTirman John, ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2007:229-56.
6. Ethan Bueno de Mesquita."Conciliation, Counterterrorism, and Patterns of Terrorist Violence.".International Organization. 2005a;59 (1): 145-76.
7. Bueno de Mesquita Ethan."The Terrorist Endgame: A Model with Moral Hazard and Learning.".Journal of Conflict Resolution. 2005b;49:237-58.
8. Clarance WilliamEthnic Warfare in Sri Lanka and the UN Crisis. London, UK: Pluto; 2007:.
9. Devadas DavidIn Search of a Future: The Story of Kashmir. New Delhi, India: Penguin; 2007:.
10. Evans Alexander."The Kashmir Insurgency: As Bad As It Gets.".Small Wars and Insurgencies. 2000;11 (1): 69-81.
11. Fearon James,Laitin David."Explaining Interethnic Cooperation.".American Political Science Review. 1996;90 (4): 715-35.
12. Ganguly SumitIndia and Counterinsurgency: Lessons Learned. Ganguly SumitFidler David, ed. New York: Routledge; 2009:79-88.
13. Gill K. P. S.Punjab: Knights of Falsehood. New Delhi, India: Har-Anand; 1997:.
14. Goodwin JeffNo Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945-1991. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 2001:.
15. Hashim AhmedInsurgency and Counterinsurgency in Iraq. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; 2006:.
16. Hellman-Rajanayagam DagmarThe Tamil Tigers. Stuttgart, Germany: Franz Steiner Verlag; 1994:.
17. Herald (Karachi). 2000:.
18. Horowitz DonaldEthnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press; 1985:.
19. India's Secret Army in Kashmir: New Patterns of Abuse Emerge in the Conflict. 1996:.
20. Jayatilleka DayanThe Indian Intervention in Sri Lanka, 1987-1990: The North-East Provincial Council and the Devolution of Power. Kandy, Sri Lanka: International Centre for Ethnic Studies; 1999:.
21. Jeyaraj D. B. S."Tiger vs. tiger in eastern Sri Lanka.".Hindu. 2004;:.
22. Johnston Patrick2009:.
23. Jordan Jenna."When Heads Roll: Assessing the Effectiveness of Leadership Decapitation.".Security Studies. 2009;18 (4): 719-55.
24. Joshi ArunEyewitness Kashmir: Teetering on Nuclear War. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Academic; 2004:.
25. Joshi ManojThe Lost Rebellion: Kashmir in the Nineties. New Delhi, India: Penguin; 1999:.
26. Kalyvas StathisThe Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press; 2006:.
27. Kalyvas Stathis."Ethnic Defection in Civil War.".Comparative Political Studies. 2008;41 (8): 1043-68.
28. Kaufmann Chaim."Intervention in Ethnic and Ideological Civil Wars: Why One Can Be Done and the Other Can't.".Security Studies. 1996;6 (1): 62-103.
29. Kydd Andrew,Walter Barbara."Sabotaging the Peace: The Politics of Extremist Violence.".International Organization. 2002;56 (2): 263-96.
30. Lawrence Adria."Triggering Nationalist Violence: Competition and Conflict in Uprisings against Colonial Rule.".International Security. 2010;35 (2): 88-122.
31. Towards Liberation: Selected Political Documents of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. 1984:.
32. Loganathan KetheswaranSri Lanka: Lost Opportunities: Past Attempts at Resolving Ethnic Conflict. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Centre for Policy Research and Analysis; 1996:.
33. Long Austin."The Anbar Awakening.".Survival. 2008;50 (2): 67-94.
34. Lyall Jason."Ethnicity and Violence During Civil War: An Analysis of 'Sweep' Operations in Chechnya.".American Political Science Review. 2010;104 (3): 1-20.
35. Muni S. D.Pangs of Proximity: India and Sri Lanka's Ethnic Crisis. Oslo, Norway: PRIO; 1993:.
36. O'Duffy BrendanTerror, Insurgency, and the State. Heiberg MarianneO'Leary BrendanTirman John, ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; 2007:257-88.
37. Pearlman Wendy."Spoiling Inside and Out: Internal Political Contestation and the Middle East Peace Process.".International Security. 2009;33 (3): 79-109.
38. Petersen RogerResistance and Rebellion: Lessons from Eastern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2001:.
39. Puri BalrajKashmir towards Insurgency. New Delhi, India: Orient Longman; 1993:.
40. Rai MriduHindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects: Islam, Rights, and the History of Kashmir. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2004:.
41. Rana Muhammed AmirA-to-Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan. Lahore, Pakistan: Mashal; 2004:.
42. Richardson JohnParadise Poisoned: Learning about Conflict, Terrorism and Development from Sri Lanka's Civil Wars. Kandy, Sri Lanka: International Centre for Ethnic Studies; 2005:.
43. Robinson Geoffrey"If You Leave Us Here, We Will Die": How Genocide Was Stopped in East Timor. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2009:.
44. Sikand Yoginder."The Emergence and Development of the Jama'at-i-Islami of Jammu and Kashmir (1940s-1990).".Modern Asian Studies. 2002;36 (3): 705-51.
45. Singh DepinderThe IPKF in Sri Lanka. New Delhi, India: Trishul; 1991:.
46. Singh TavleenKashmir: A Tragedy of Errors. New Delhi, India: Penguin; 1995:.
47. Smith MartinState of Strife: The Dynamics of Ethnic Conflict in Burma. Washington, DC: East-West Center; 2007:.
48. Stedman Stephen."Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes.".International Security. 1997;22 (2): 5-53.
49. Swamy M. R. NarayanThe Tigers of Lanka: From Boys to Guerrillas. New Delhi, India: Har-Anand; 1994:.
50. Swamy M. R. NarayanInside an Elusive Mind: Prabhakaran. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Vijitha Yapa; 2003:.
51. Tambiah StanleySri Lanka: Ethnic Fratricide and the Dismantling of Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1986:.
52. Daily Mirror. 2004:.
53. Thakur PradeepMilitant Monologues: Echoes from the Kashmir Valley. New Delhi, India: Parity Paperbooks; 2003:.
54. Varshney AshutoshEthnic Conflict and Civic Life: Hindus and Muslims in India. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; 2002:.