메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue MAR, 2011, Pages

Uncovering multisensory processing through non-invasive brain stimulation

Author keywords

Audition; Brain; Multisensory processing; tDCS; TMS; Touch; Vision

Indexed keywords


EID: 84859082000     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00046     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (19)

References (122)
  • 1
    • 1242288384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ven-triloquist effect results from near-optimal bimodal integration
    • Alais, D., and Burr, D. (2004). The ven-triloquist effect results from nearoptimal bimodal integration. Curr. Biol. 14, 257-262.
    • (2004) Curr. Biol , vol.14 , pp. 257-262
    • Alais, D.1    Burr, D.2
  • 2
    • 0036838956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convergence of visual and tactile shape processing in the human lat-eral occipital complex
    • Amedi, A., Jacobson, G., Hendler, T., Malach, R., and Zohary, E. (2002). Convergence of visual and tactile shape processing in the human lat-eral occipital complex. Cereb. Cortex 12, 1202-1212.
    • (2002) Cereb. Cortex , vol.12 , pp. 1202-1212
    • Amedi, A.1    Jacobson, G.2    Hendler, T.3    Malach, R.4    Zohary, E.5
  • 3
    • 0031590407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimodal inte-gration for the representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex
    • Andersen, R. A. (1997). Multimodal inte-gration for the representation of space in the posterior parietal cortex. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 352, 1421-1428.
    • (1997) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci , vol.352 , pp. 1421-1428
    • Andersen, R.A.1
  • 4
    • 7044271228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing audiovis-ual fission and fusion illusions
    • Andersen, T. S., Tiippana, K., and Sams, M. (2004). Factors influencing audiovis-ual fission and fusion illusions. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 21, 301-308.
    • (2004) Brain Res.Cogn Brain Res , vol.21 , pp. 301-308
    • Andersen, T.S.1    Tiippana, K.2    Sams, M.3
  • 5
    • 27644486550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-synaptic mech-anisms underlie the after-effects of cathodal transcutaneous direct cur-rent stimulation of the human brain
    • Ardolino, G., Bossi, B., Barbieri, S., and Priori, A. (2005). Non-synaptic mech-anisms underlie the after-effects of cathodal transcutaneous direct cur-rent stimulation of the human brain. J. Physiol. 568, 653-663.
    • (2005) J. Physiol , vol.568 , pp. 653-663
    • Ardolino, G.1    Bossi, B.2    Barbieri, S.3    Priori, A.4
  • 6
    • 78049504749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pos-terior parietal cortex remaps touch into external space
    • Azanon, E., Longo, M. R., Soto-Faraco, S., and Haggard, P. (2010). The pos-terior parietal cortex remaps touch into external space. Curr. Biol. 20, 1304-1309.
    • (2010) Curr. Biol , vol.20 , pp. 1304-1309
    • Azanon, E.1    Longo, M.R.2    Soto-Faraco, S.3    Haggard, P.4
  • 7
    • 14944354656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of visual and auditory information by superior temporal sul-cus neurons responsive to the sight of actions
    • Barraclough, N. E., Xiao, D., Baker, C. I., Oram, M. W., and Perrett, D. I. (2005). Integration of visual and auditory information by superior temporal sul-cus neurons responsive to the sight of actions. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 17, 377-391.
    • (2005) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 377-391
    • Barraclough, N.E.1    Xiao, D.2    Baker, C.I.3    Oram, M.W.4    Perrett, D.I.5
  • 8
    • 7044264448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling multisensory integra-tion: patchy organization within human STS multisensory cortex
    • Beauchamp, M. S., Argall, B. D., Bodurka, J., Duyn, J. H., and Martin, A. (2004). Unraveling multisensory integra-tion: patchy organization within human STS multisensory cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 7, 1190-1192.
    • (2004) Nat. Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 1190-1192
    • Beauchamp, M.S.1    Argall, B.D.2    Bodurka, J.3    Duyn, J.H.4    Martin, A.5
  • 9
    • 77249101302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • fMRI-guided tran-scranial magnetic stimulation reveals that the superior temporal sulcus is a cortical locus of the McGurk effect
    • Beauchamp, M. S., Nath, A. R., and Pasalar, S. (2010). fMRI-guided tran-scranial magnetic stimulation reveals that the superior temporal sulcus is a cortical locus of the McGurk effect. J. Neurosci. 30, 2414-2417.
    • (2010) J. Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 2414-2417
    • Beauchamp, M.S.1    Nath, A.R.2    Pasalar, S.3
  • 10
    • 77952665315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Independent mechanisms for ventriloquism and multisensory integration as revealed by theta-burst stimulation
    • Bertini, C., Leo, F., Avenanti, A., and Ladavas, E. (2010). Independent mechanisms for ventriloquism and multisensory integration as revealed by theta-burst stimulation. Eur. J. Neurosci. 31, 1791-1799.
    • (2010) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 1791-1799
    • Bertini, C.1    Leo, F.2    Avenanti, A.3    Ladavas, E.4
  • 11
    • 58149380772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interhemispheric effect of parietal TMS on somatosensory response con-firmed directly with concurrent TMSfMRI
    • Blankenburg, F., Ruff, C. C., Bestmann, S., Bjoertomt, O., Eshel, N., Josephs, O., Weiskopf, N., and Driver, J. (2008). Interhemispheric effect of parietal TMS on somatosensory response con-firmed directly with concurrent TMSfMRI. J. Neurosci. 28, 13202-13208.
    • (2008) J. Neurosci , vol.28 , pp. 13202-13208
    • Blankenburg, F.1    Ruff, C.C.2    Bestmann, S.3    Bjoertomt, O.4    Eshel, N.5    Josephs, O.6    Weiskopf, N.7    Driver, J.8
  • 12
    • 12844278622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acoustical vision of below threshold stimuli: interaction among spatially converg-ing audiovisual inputs
    • Bolognini, N., Frassinetti, F., Serino, A., and Ladavas, E. (2005). " Acoustical vision" of below threshold stimuli: interaction among spatially converg-ing audiovisual inputs. Exp. Brain Res. 160, 273-282.
    • (2005) Exp Brain Res , vol.160 , pp. 273-282
    • Bolognini, N.1    Frassinetti, F.2    Serino, A.3    Ladavas, E.4
  • 13
    • 77955665365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain polarization of parietal cortex augments training-induced improve-ment of visual exploratory and atten-tional skills
    • Bolognini, N., Fregni, F., Casati, C., Olgiati, E., and Vallar, G. (2010a). Brain polarization of parietal cortex augments training-induced improve-ment of visual exploratory and atten-tional skills. Brain Res. 1349, 76-89.
    • (2010) Brain Res , vol.1349 , pp. 76-89
    • Bolognini, N.1    Fregni, F.2    Casati, C.3    Olgiati, E.4    Vallar, G.5
  • 14
    • 77952656108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing mul-tisensory spatial orienting by brain polarization of the parietal cortex
    • Bolognini, N., Olgiati, E., Rossetti, A., and Maravita, A. (2010b). Enhancing mul-tisensory spatial orienting by brain polarization of the parietal cortex. Eur. J. Neurosci. 31, 1800-1806.
    • (2010) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 1800-1806
    • Bolognini, N.1    Olgiati, E.2    Rossetti, A.3    Maravita, A.4
  • 15
    • 77953357317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory enhancement of visual phosphene perception: the effect of temporal and spatial factors and of stimulus intensity
    • Bolognini, N., Senna, I., Maravita, A., Pascual-Leone, A., and Merabet, L. B. (2010c). Auditory enhancement of visual phosphene perception: the effect of temporal and spatial factors and of stimulus intensity. Neurosci. Lett. 477, 109-114.
    • (2010) Neurosci. Lett , vol.477 , pp. 109-114
    • Bolognini, N.1    Senna, I.2    Maravita, A.3    Pascual-Leone, A.4    Merabet, L.B.5
  • 16
    • 35548996817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proprioceptive alignment of visual and somatosensory maps in the pos-terior parietal cortex
    • Bolognini, N., and Maravita, A. (2007). Proprioceptive alignment of visual and somatosensory maps in the pos-terior parietal cortex. Curr. Biol. 17, 1890-1895.
    • (2007) Curr. Biol , vol.17 , pp. 1890-1895
    • Bolognini, N.1    Maravita, A.2
  • 17
    • 67349240445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TMS modulation of visual and audi-tory processing in the posterior parietal cortex
    • Bolognini, N., Miniussi, C., Savazzi, S., Bricolo, E., and Maravita, A. (2009a). TMS modulation of visual and audi-tory processing in the posterior parietal cortex. Exp. Brain Res. 195, 509-517.
    • (2009) Exp Brain Res , vol.195 , pp. 509-517
    • Bolognini, N.1    Miniussi, C.2    Savazzi, S.3    Bricolo, E.4    Maravita, A.5
  • 18
    • 64749101609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using non-inva-sive brain stimulation to augment motor training-induced plasticity
    • Bolognini, N., Pascual-Leone, A., and Fregni, F. (2009b). Using non-inva-sive brain stimulation to augment motor training-induced plasticity. J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 6
    • (2009) J. Neuroeng. Rehabil , vol.6
    • Bolognini, N.1    Pascual-Leone, A.2    Fregni, F.3
  • 19
    • 77954849894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation: disrupting neural activity to alter and assess brain function
    • Bolognini, N., and Ro, T. (2010). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: disrupting neural activity to alter and assess brain function. J. Neurosci. 30, 9647-9650.
    • (2010) J. Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 9647-9650
    • Bolognini, N.1    Ro, T.2
  • 20
    • 78650923567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromodulation of multisen-sory perception: a tDCS study of the sound-induced flash illusion
    • Bolognini, N., Rossetti, A., Casati, C., Mancini, F., and Vallar, G. (2011a). Neuromodulation of multisen-sory perception: a tDCS study of the sound-induced flash illusion. Neuropsychologia 49, 231-237.
    • (2011) Neuropsychologia , vol.49 , pp. 231-237
    • Bolognini, N.1    Rossetti, A.2    Casati, C.3    Mancini, F.4    Vallar, G.5
  • 21
    • 81055140615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seeing touches in the somatosensory cortex: a TMS study of the visual perception of touch
    • doi: 10.1002/ hbm.21172. [Epub ahead of print]
    • Bolognini, N., Rossetti, R., Maravita, A., and Miniussi, C. (2011b). Seeing touches in the somatosensory cortex: a TMS study of the visual perception of touch. Hum. Brain Mapp. doi: 10.1002/ hbm.21172. [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2011) Hum. Brain Mapp
    • Bolognini, N.1    Rossetti, R.2    Maravita, A.3    Miniussi, C.4
  • 24
    • 0035133302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymodal motion processing in pos-terior parietal and premotor cortex: a human fMRI study strongly implies equivalencies between humans and monkeys
    • Bremmer, F., Schlack, A., Shah, N. J., Zafiris, O., Kubischik, M., Hoffmann, K., Zilles, K., and Fink, G. R. (2001). Polymodal motion processing in pos-terior parietal and premotor cortex: a human fMRI study strongly implies equivalencies between humans and monkeys. Neuron 29, 287-296.
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.29 , pp. 287-296
    • Bremmer, F.1    Schlack, A.2    Shah, N.J.3    Zafiris, O.4    Kubischik, M.5    Hoffmann, K.6    Zilles, K.7    Fink, G.R.8
  • 25
    • 0033359927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modalityspecific frontal and parietal areas for auditory and visual spatial localiza-tion in humans
    • Bushara, K. O., Weeks, R. A., Ishii, K., Catalan, M. J., Tian, B., Rauschecker, J. P., and Hallett, M. (1999). Modalityspecific frontal and parietal areas for auditory and visual spatial localiza-tion in humans. Nat. Neurosci. 2, 759-766.
    • (1999) Nat. Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 759-766
    • Bushara, K.O.1    Weeks, R.A.2    Ishii, K.3    Catalan, M.J.4    Tian, B.5    Rauschecker, J.P.6    Hallett, M.7
  • 26
    • 0035186436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crossmodal process-ing in the human brain: insights from functional neuroimaging studies
    • Calvert, G. A. (2001). Crossmodal process-ing in the human brain: insights from functional neuroimaging studies. Cereb. Cortex 11, 1110-1123.
    • (2001) Cereb. Cortex , vol.11 , pp. 1110-1123
    • Calvert, G.A.1
  • 28
    • 29244466865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heteromodal connections supporting multisensory integration at low levels of cortical processing in the monkey
    • Cappe, C., and Barone, P. (2005). Heteromodal connections supporting multisensory integration at low levels of cortical processing in the monkey. Eur. J. Neurosci. 22, 2886-2902.
    • (2005) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 2886-2902
    • Cappe, C.1    Barone, P.2
  • 29
    • 67649589403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thalamo-cortical projection systems in primate: an anatomical support for mul-tisensory and sensorimotor interplay
    • Cappe, C., Morel, A., Barone, P., and Rouiller, E. M. (2009). The thalamo-cortical projection systems in primate: an anatomical support for mul-tisensory and sensorimotor interplay. Cereb. Cortex 19, 2025-2037.
    • (2009) Cereb. Cortex , vol.19 , pp. 2025-2037
    • Cappe, C.1    Morel, A.2    Barone, P.3    Rouiller, E.M.4
  • 30
    • 77957191402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory-visual multisensory interactions in humans: timing, topography, directionality, and sources
    • Cappe, C., Thut, G., Romei, V., and Murray, M. M. (2010). Auditory-visual multisensory interactions in humans: timing, topography, directionality, and sources. J. Neurosci. 30, 12572-12580.
    • (2010) J. Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 12572-12580
    • Cappe, C.1    Thut, G.2    Romei, V.3    Murray, M.M.4
  • 31
    • 33847696557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parietal disrup-tion impairs reflexive spatial attention within and between sensory modali-ties
    • Chambers, C. D., Payne, J. M., and Mattingley, J. B. (2007). Parietal disrup-tion impairs reflexive spatial attention within and between sensory modali-ties. Neuropsychologia 45, 1715-1724.
    • (2007) Neuropsychologia , vol.45 , pp. 1715-1724
    • Chambers, C.D.1    Payne, J.M.2    Mattingley, J.B.3
  • 32
    • 0028805242 scopus 로고
    • Superior parietal cortex activation during spa-tial attention shifts and visual feature conjunction
    • Corbetta, M., Shulman, G. L., Miezin, F. M., and Petersen, S. E. (1995). Superior parietal cortex activation during spa-tial attention shifts and visual feature conjunction. Science 270, 802-805.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 802-805
    • Corbetta, M.1    Shulman, G.L.2    Miezin, F.M.3    Petersen, S.E.4
  • 33
    • 71849105304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Object famili-arity modulates effective connectiv-ity during haptic shape perception
    • Deshpande, G., Hu, X., Lacey, S., Stilla, R., and Sathian, K. (2010). Object famili-arity modulates effective connectiv-ity during haptic shape perception. Neuroimage 49, 1991-2000.
    • (2010) Neuroimage , vol.49 , pp. 1991-2000
    • Deshpande, G.1    Hu, X.2    Lacey, S.3    Stilla, R.4    Sathian, K.5
  • 34
    • 0034006465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multimodal cortical network for the detection of changes in the sensory environment
    • Downar, J., Crawley, A. P., Mikulis, D. J., and Davis, K. D. (2000). A multimodal cortical network for the detection of changes in the sensory environment. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 277-283.
    • (2000) Nat. Neurosci , vol.3 , pp. 277-283
    • Downar, J.1    Crawley, A.P.2    Mikulis, D.J.3    Davis, K.D.4
  • 35
    • 37549045258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multisensory interplay reveals cross-modal influences on 'sensory-specific' brain regions, neural responses, and judgments
    • Driver, J., and Noesselt, T. (2008). Multisensory interplay reveals cross-modal influences on 'sensory-specific' brain regions, neural responses, and judgments. Neuron 57, 11-23.
    • (2008) Neuron , vol.57 , pp. 11-23
    • Driver, J.1    Noesselt, T.2
  • 36
    • 0035929457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crossmodal links in spatial attention between vision, audition, and touch: evidence from event-related brain potentials
    • Eimer, M. (2001). Crossmodal links in spatial attention between vision, audition, and touch: evidence from event-related brain potentials. Neuropsychologia 39, 1292-1303.
    • (2001) Neuropsychologia , vol.39 , pp. 1292-1303
    • Eimer, M.1
  • 37
    • 0036663076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical evidence of multimodal integration in primate striate cortex
    • Falchier, A., Clavagnier, S., Barone, P., and Kennedy, H. (2002). Anatomical evidence of multimodal integration in primate striate cortex. J. Neurosci. 22, 5749-5759.
    • (2002) J. Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 5749-5759
    • Falchier, A.1    Clavagnier, S.2    Barone, P.3    Kennedy, H.4
  • 40
    • 33846959868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embodied simulation: from mirror neuron systems to inter-personal relations
    • discussion 12-19, 89-96, 216-221
    • Gallese, V. (2007). Embodied simulation: from mirror neuron systems to inter-personal relations. Novartis Found. Symp. 278, 3-12; discussion 12-19, 89-96, 216-221.
    • (2007) Novartis Found. Symp , vol.278 , pp. 3-12
    • Gallese, V.1
  • 41
    • 33745044194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is neocortex essentially multi-sensory?
    • Ghazanfar, A. A., and Schroeder, C. E. (2006). Is neocortex essentially multi-sensory? Trends Cogn. Sci. 10, 278-285.
    • (2006) Trends Cogn Sci , vol.10 , pp. 278-285
    • Ghazanfar, A.A.1    Schroeder, C.E.2
  • 42
    • 0032709727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory-visual integration during multimodal object recognition in humans: a behavioral and electro-physiological study
    • Giard, M. H., and Peronnet, F. (1999). Auditory-visual integration during multimodal object recognition in humans: a behavioral and electro-physiological study. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11, 473-490.
    • (1999) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 473-490
    • Giard, M.H.1    Peronnet, F.2
  • 43
    • 0020804183 scopus 로고
    • On the nature of intersensory facilitation of reaction time
    • Gielen, S. C., Schmidt, R. A., and Van den Heuvel, P. J. (1983). On the nature of intersensory facilitation of reaction time. Percept. Psychophys. 34, 161-168.
    • (1983) Percept. Psychophys , vol.34 , pp. 161-168
    • Gielen, S.C.1    Schmidt, R.A.P.J.2
  • 44
    • 0035138709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A system of mul-timodal areas in the primate brain
    • Graziano, M. S. (2001). A system of mul-timodal areas in the primate brain. Neuron 29, 4-6.
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.29 , pp. 4-6
    • Graziano, M.S.1
  • 45
    • 0030821128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coding the locations of objects in the dark
    • Graziano, M. S., Hu, X. T., and Gross, C. G. (1997). Coding the locations of objects in the dark. Science 277, 239-241.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 239-241
    • Graziano, M.S.1    Hu, X.T.2    Gross, C.G.3
  • 47
    • 43249124723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of right parietal transcranial magnetic stimulation on object identification and orientation judgments
    • Harris, I. M., Benito, C. T., Ruzzoli, M., and Miniussi, C. (2008). Effects of right parietal transcranial magnetic stimulation on object identification and orientation judgments. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 20, 916-926.
    • (2008) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 916-926
    • Harris, I.M.1    Benito, C.T.2    Ruzzoli, M.3    Miniussi, C.4
  • 50
    • 0031686547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial char-acteristics of visual-auditory summa-tion in human saccades
    • Hughes, H. C., Nelson, M. D., and Aronchick, D. M. (1998). Spatial char-acteristics of visual-auditory summa-tion in human saccades. Vision Res. 38, 3955-3963.
    • (1998) Vision Res , vol.38 , pp. 3955-3963
    • Hughes, H.C.1    Nelson, M.D.2    Aronchick, D.M.3
  • 51
    • 0014890004 scopus 로고
    • An anatomical study of converging sen-sory pathways within the cerebral cor-tex of the monkey
    • Jones, E. G., and Powell, T. P. (1970). An anatomical study of converging sen-sory pathways within the cerebral cor-tex of the monkey. Brain 93, 793-820.
    • (1970) Brain , vol.93 , pp. 793-820
    • Jones, E.G.1    Powell, T.P.2
  • 52
    • 11244340633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the visual system. II. Characterization of induced phos-phenes and scotomas
    • Kammer, T., Puls, K., Erb, M., and Grodd, W. (2005a). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the visual system. II. Characterization of induced phos-phenes and scotomas. Exp. Brain Res. 160, 129-140.
    • (2005) Exp Brain Res , vol.160 , pp. 129-140
    • Kammer, T.1    Puls, K.2    Erb, M.3    Grodd, W.4
  • 53
    • 11244264035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the visual system. I. The psychophysics of visual suppression
    • Kammer, T., Puls, K., Strasburger, H., Hill, N. J., and Wichmann, F. A. (2005b). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the visual system. I. The psychophysics of visual suppression. Exp. Brain Res. 160, 118-128.
    • (2005) Exp Brain Res , vol.160 , pp. 118-128
    • Kammer, T.1    Puls, K.2    Strasburger, H.3    Hill, N.J.4    Wichmann, F.A.5
  • 54
  • 55
    • 67349132351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TMS investigations into the task-dependent functional interplay between human posterior parietal and motor cortex
    • Koch, G., and Rothwell, J. C. (2009). TMS investigations into the task-dependent functional interplay between human posterior parietal and motor cortex. Behav. Brain Res. 202, 147-152.
    • (2009) Behav Brain Res , vol.202 , pp. 147-152
    • Koch, G.1    Rothwell, J.C.2
  • 56
    • 5144234519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visuotactile representation of near-the-body space
    • Ladavas, E., and Farnè, A. (2004). Visuotactile representation of near-the-body space. J. Physiol. Paris 98, 161-170.
    • (2004) J. Physiol. Paris , vol.98 , pp. 161-170
    • Ladavas, E.1    Farnè, A.2
  • 57
    • 77649222568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blindsight mediated by an S-cone-independent collicular path-way: an fMRI study in hemispherect-omized subjects
    • Leh, S. E., Ptito, A., Schonwiesner, M., Chakravarty, M. M., and Mullen, K. T. (2010). Blindsight mediated by an S-cone-independent collicular path-way: an fMRI study in hemispherect-omized subjects. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 22, 670-682.
    • (2010) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 670-682
    • Leh, S.E.1    Ptito, A.2    Schonwiesner, M.3    Chakravarty, M.M.4    Mullen, K.T.5
  • 58
    • 39749140351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-modal localization in hemi-anopia: new insights on multisensory integration
    • Leo, F., Bolognini, N., Passamonti, C., Stein, B. E., and Ladavas, E. (2008). Cross-modal localization in hemi-anopia: new insights on multisensory integration. Brain 131, 855-865.
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , pp. 855-865
    • Leo, F.1    Bolognini, N.2    Passamonti, C.3    Stein, B.E.4    Ladavas, E.5
  • 59
    • 0036787484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological approach to the mechanisms of transcranial DC-stimulation-induced after-effects of human motor cortex excitability
    • Liebetanz, D., Nitsche, M. A., Tergau, F., and Paulus, W. (2002). Pharmacological approach to the mechanisms of transcranial DC-stimulation-induced after-effects of human motor cortex excitability. Brain 125, 2238-2247.
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 2238-2247
    • Liebetanz, D.1    Nitsche, M.A.2    Tergau, F.3    Paulus, W.4
  • 60
    • 0037221056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multisensory representation of limb position in human premotor cortex
    • Lloyd, D. M., Shore, D. I., Spence, C., and Calvert, G. A. (2003). Multisensory representation of limb position in human premotor cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 6, 17-18.
    • (2003) Nat. Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 17-18
    • Lloyd, D.M.1    Shore, D.I.2    Spence, C.3    Calvert, G.A.4
  • 61
    • 33745892399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multisensory processing in sensory-specific corti-cal areas
    • Macaluso, E. (2006). Multisensory processing in sensory-specific corti-cal areas. Neuroscientist 12, 327-338.
    • (2006) Neuroscientist , vol.12 , pp. 327-338
    • Macaluso, E.1
  • 62
    • 0034682856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of human visual cortex by crossmodal spatial attention
    • Macaluso, E., Frith, C. D., and Driver, J. (2000). Modulation of human visual cortex by crossmodal spatial attention. Science 289, 1206-1208.
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , pp. 1206-1208
    • Macaluso, E.1    Frith, C.D.2    Driver, J.3
  • 63
    • 74449093243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The representation of space near the body through touch and vision
    • Macaluso, E., and Maravita, A. (2010). The representation of space near the body through touch and vision. Neuropsychologia 48, 782-795.
    • (2010) Neuropsychologia , vol.48 , pp. 782-795
    • Macaluso, E.1    Maravita, A.2
  • 64
    • 79957951251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-modal process-ing in the occipito-temporal cortex: a TMS study of the Muller-Lyer illu-sion
    • doi:10.1162/ jocn.2010.21561. [Epub ahead of print]
    • Mancini, F., Bolognini, N., Bricolo, E., and Vallar, G. (2010). Cross-modal process-ing in the occipito-temporal cortex: a TMS study of the Muller-Lyer illu-sion. J. Cogn. Neurosci. doi:10.1162/ jocn.2010.21561. [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2010) J. Cogn. Neurosci.
    • Mancini, F.1    Bolognini, N.2    Bricolo, E.3    Vallar, G.4
  • 65
    • 40049103769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is audiovisual integration subserved by the superior colliculus in humans?
    • Maravita, A., Bolognini, N., Bricolo, E., Marzi, C. A., and Savazzi, S. (2008). Is audiovisual integration subserved by the superior colliculus in humans? Neuroreport 19, 271-275.
    • (2008) Neuroreport , vol.19 , pp. 271-275
    • Maravita, A.1    Bolognini, N.2    Bricolo, E.3    Marzi, C.A.4    Savazzi, S.5
  • 66
    • 0038348134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multisensory integration and the body schema: close to hand and within reach
    • Maravita, A., Spence, C., and Driver, J. (2003). Multisensory integration and the body schema: close to hand and within reach. Curr. Biol. 13, R531-R539.
    • (2003) Curr. Biol , vol.13
    • Maravita, A.1    Spence, C.2    Driver, J.3
  • 67
    • 0017199877 scopus 로고
    • Hearing lips and seeing voices
    • McGurk, H., and MacDonald, J. (1976). Hearing lips and seeing voices. Nature 264, 746-748.
    • (1976) Nature , vol.264 , pp. 746-748
    • Mcgurk, H.1    Macdonald, J.2
  • 68
    • 70349974912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nonin-vasive dissection of the human visual cortex: using FMRI and TMS to study the organization of the visual brain
    • McKeefry, D. J., Gouws, A., Burton, M. P., and Morland, A. B. (2009). The nonin-vasive dissection of the human visual cortex: using FMRI and TMS to study the organization of the visual brain. Neuroscientist 15, 489-506.
    • (2009) Neuroscientist , vol.15 , pp. 489-506
    • Mckeefry, D.J.1    Gouws, A.2    Burton, M.P.3    Morland, A.B.4
  • 70
    • 72849146595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural reorganization follow-ing sensory loss: the opportunity of change
    • Merabet, L. B., and Pascual-Leone, A. (2010). Neural reorganization follow-ing sensory loss: the opportunity of change. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 11, 44-52.
    • (2010) Nat. Rev. Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 44-52
    • Merabet, L.B.1    Pascual-Leone, A.2
  • 71
    • 0020624166 scopus 로고
    • Interactions among converging sen-sory inputs in the superior colliculus
    • Meredith, M. A., and Stein, B. E. (1983). Interactions among converging sen-sory inputs in the superior colliculus. Science 221, 389-391.
    • (1983) Science , vol.221 , pp. 389-391
    • Meredith, M.A.1    Stein, B.E.2
  • 72
    • 70649096847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of transcra-nial magnetic stimulation in cogni-tion
    • Miniussi, C., Ruzzoli, M., and Walsh, V. (2009). The mechanism of transcra-nial magnetic stimulation in cogni-tion. Cortex 46, 128-130.
    • (2009) Cortex , vol.46 , pp. 128-130
    • Miniussi, C.1    Ruzzoli, M.2    Walsh, V.3
  • 73
    • 76649120220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining TMS and EEG offers new prospects in cognitive neuroscience
    • Miniussi, C., and Thut, G. (2010). Combining TMS and EEG offers new prospects in cognitive neuroscience. Brain Topogr. 22, 249-256.
    • (2010) Brain Topogr , vol.22 , pp. 249-256
    • Miniussi, C.1    Thut, G.2
  • 74
    • 0036279543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multisensory auditoryvisual interactions during early sensory processing in humans: a high-density electrical mapping study
    • Molholm, S., Ritter, W., Murray, M. M., Javitt, D. C., Schroeder, C. E., and Foxe, J. J. (2002). Multisensory auditoryvisual interactions during early sensory processing in humans: a high-density electrical mapping study. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 14, 115-128.
    • (2002) Brain Res. Cogn Brain Res , vol.14 , pp. 115-128
    • Molholm, S.1    Ritter, W.2    Murray, M.M.3    Javitt, D.C.4    Schroeder, C.E.5    Foxe, J.J.6
  • 75
    • 0036455747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human brain plasticity: evidence from sensory deprivation and altered language experience
    • Neville, H., and Bavelier, D. (2002). Human brain plasticity: evidence from sensory deprivation and altered language experience. Prog. Brain Res. 138, 177-188.
    • (2002) Prog Brain Res , vol.138 , pp. 177-188
    • Neville, H.1    Bavelier, D.2
  • 77
    • 0035960657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans
    • Nitsche, M. A., and Paulus, W. (2001). Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans. Neurology 57, 1899-1901.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1899-1901
    • Nitsche, M.A.1    Paulus, W.2
  • 78
    • 77952662820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TMS of posterior parietal cortex disrupts visual tactile multi-sensory integration
    • Pasalar, S., Ro, T., and Beauchamp, M. S. (2010). TMS of posterior parietal cortex disrupts visual tactile multi-sensory integration. Eur. J. Neurosci. 31, 1783-1790.
    • (2010) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.31 , pp. 1783-1790
    • Pasalar, S.1    Ro, T.2    Beauchamp, M.S.3
  • 80
    • 0034072308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial mag-netic stimulation in cognitive neuroscience virtual lesion, chronometry, and functional connectivity
    • Pascual-Leone, A., Walsh, V., and Rothwell, J. (2000). Transcranial mag-netic stimulation in cognitive neuroscience virtual lesion, chronometry, and functional connectivity. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10, 232-237.
    • (2000) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. , vol.10 , pp. 232-237
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Walsh, V.2    Rothwell, J.3
  • 81
    • 0032214776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging the brain before, during, and after transcranial mag-netic stimulation
    • Paus, T. (1999). Imaging the brain before, during, and after transcranial mag-netic stimulation. Neuropsychologia 37, 219-224.
    • (1999) Neuropsychologia , vol.37 , pp. 219-224
    • Paus, T.1
  • 82
    • 0037383436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain polarization in humans: a reappraisal of an old tool for prolonged non-invasive modu-lation of brain excitability
    • Priori, A. (2003). Brain polarization in humans: a reappraisal of an old tool for prolonged non-invasive modu-lation of brain excitability. Clin. Neurophysiol. 114, 589-595.
    • (2003) Clin. Neurophysiol , vol.114 , pp. 589-595
    • Priori, A.1
  • 83
    • 33751404897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural responses elicited to face motion and vocaliza-tion pairings
    • Puce, A., Epling, J. A., Thompson, J. C., and Carrick, O. K. (2007). Neural responses elicited to face motion and vocaliza-tion pairings. Neuropsychologia 45, 93-106.
    • (2007) Neuropsychologia , vol.45 , pp. 93-106
    • Puce, A.1    Epling, J.A.2    Thompson, J.C.3    Carrick, O.K.4
  • 88
    • 0032214213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of the human frontal eye fields and motor hand area with transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance imaging
    • Ro, T., Cheifet, S., Ingle, H., Shoup, R., and Rafal, R. (1999). Localization of the human frontal eye fields and motor hand area with transcranial magnetic stimulation and magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropsychologia 37, 225-231.
    • (1999) Neuropsychologia , vol.37 , pp. 225-231
    • Ro, T.1    Cheifet, S.2    Ingle, H.3    Shoup, R.4    Rafal, R.5
  • 89
    • 0347447460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multisensory convergence in calcarine visual areas in macaque monkey
    • Rockland, K. S., and Ojima, H. (2003). Multisensory convergence in calcarine visual areas in macaque monkey. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 50, 19-26.
    • (2003) Int. J. Psychophysiol , vol.50 , pp. 19-26
    • Rockland, K.S.1    Ojima, H.2
  • 90
    • 77954094631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the role of prestimulus alpha rhythms over occipito-parietal areas in visual input regulation: correlation or causation? J
    • Romei, V., Gross, J., and Thut, G. (2010). On the role of prestimulus alpha rhythms over occipito-parietal areas in visual input regulation: correlation or causation? J. Neurosci. 30, 8692-8697.
    • (2010) Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 8692-8697
    • Romei, V.1    Gross, J.2    Thut, G.3
  • 91
    • 71849091705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preperceptual and stimulus-selective enhancement of low-level human visual cortex excitabil-ity by sounds
    • Romei, V., Murray, M. M., Cappe, C., and Thut, G. (2009). Preperceptual and stimulus-selective enhancement of low-level human visual cortex excitabil-ity by sounds. Curr. Biol. 19, 1799-1805.
    • (2009) Curr. Biol , vol.19 , pp. 1799-1805
    • Romei, V.1    Murray, M.M.2    Cappe, C.3    Thut, G.4
  • 92
    • 35548946282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occipital transcranial magnetic stimulation has opposing effects on visual and auditory stimulus detection: implica-tions for multisensory interactions
    • Romei, V., Murray, M. M., Merabet, L. B., and Thut, G. (2007). Occipital transcranial magnetic stimulation has opposing effects on visual and auditory stimulus detection: implica-tions for multisensory interactions. J. Neurosci. 27, 11465-11472.
    • (2007) J. Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 11465-11472
    • Romei, V.1    Murray, M.M.2    Merabet, L.B.3    Thut, G.4
  • 95
    • 77953503374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural mechanisms of the effects of transcranial magnetic stimu-lation on perception
    • Ruzzoli, M., Marzi, C. A., and Miniussi, C. (2010). The neural mechanisms of the effects of transcranial magnetic stimu-lation on perception. J. Neurophysiol. 103, 2982-2989.
    • (2010) J. Neurophysiol , vol.103 , pp. 2982-2989
    • Ruzzoli, M.1    Marzi, C.A.2    Miniussi, C.3
  • 96
    • 59949092335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing functional accuracy of TMS in cognitive studies: a comparison of methods
    • Sack, A. T., Cohen Kadosh, R., Schuhmann, T., Moerel, M., Walsh, V., and Goebel, R. (2009). Optimizing functional accuracy of TMS in cognitive studies: a comparison of methods. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 21, 207-221.
    • (2009) J. Cogn. Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 207-221
    • Sack, A.T.1    Cohen Kadosh, R.2    Schuhmann, T.3    Moerel, M.4    Walsh, V.5    Goebel, R.6
  • 97
    • 0141742131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional imaging in cognitive brain research: possibili-ties and limitations
    • Sack, A. T., and Linden, D. E. (2003). Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional imaging in cognitive brain research: possibili-ties and limitations. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 43, 41-56.
    • (2003) Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev , vol.43 , pp. 41-56
    • Sack, A.T.1    Linden, D.E.2
  • 98
    • 78649316724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive neuroscience: a new synthesis of meth-odological issues
    • Sandrini, M., Umilta, C., and Rusconi, E. (2010). The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive neuroscience: a new synthesis of meth-odological issues. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 35, 516-536.
    • (2010) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev , vol.35 , pp. 516-536
    • Sandrini, M.1    Umilta, C.2    Rusconi, E.3
  • 99
    • 0037145085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeling with the mind's eye: contribution of visual cortex to tactile percep-tion
    • Sathian, K., and Zangaladze, A. (2002). Feeling with the mind's eye: contribution of visual cortex to tactile percep-tion. Behav. Brain Res. 135, 127-132.
    • (2002) Behav Brain Res , vol.135 , pp. 127-132
    • Sathian, K.1    Zangaladze, A.2
  • 101
    • 23044480166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multisensory contributions to lowlevel unisensory processing
    • Schroeder, C. E., and Foxe, J. (2005). Multisensory contributions to lowlevel, 'unisensory' processing. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 15, 454-458.
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Neurobiol , vol.15 , pp. 454-458
    • Schroeder, C.E.1    Foxe, J.2
  • 102
    • 0036594260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The timing and laminar profile of converg-ing inputs to multisensory areas of the macaque neocortex
    • Schroeder, C. E., and Foxe, J. J. (2002). The timing and laminar profile of converg-ing inputs to multisensory areas of the macaque neocortex. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 14, 187-198.
    • (2002) Brain Res. Cogn Brain Res , vol.14 , pp. 187-198
    • Schroeder, C.E.1    Foxe, J.J.2
  • 103
    • 0034649667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illusions. What you see is what you hear
    • Shams, L., Kamitani, Y., and Shimojo, S. (2000). Illusions. What you see is what you hear. Nature 408, 788.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 788
    • Shams, L.1    Kamitani, Y.2    Shimojo, S.3
  • 104
    • 68049130956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does transcranial magnetic stimulation modify neuronal activity in the brain? Implications for studies of cognition
    • Siebner, H. R., Hartwigsen, G., Kassuba, T., and Rothwell, J. C. (2009). How does transcranial magnetic stimulation modify neuronal activity in the brain? Implications for studies of cognition. Cortex 45, 1035-1042.
    • (2009) Cortex , vol.45 , pp. 1035-1042
    • Siebner, H.R.1    Hartwigsen, G.2    Kassuba, T.3    Rothwell, J.C.4
  • 105
    • 56149111359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State-dependency in brain stimulation studies of perception and cognition
    • Silvanto, J., Muggleton, N., and Walsh, V. (2008). State-dependency in brain stimulation studies of perception and cognition. Trends Cogn. Sci. 12, 447-454.
    • (2008) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.12 , pp. 447-454
    • Silvanto, J.1    Muggleton, N.2    Walsh, V.3
  • 106
    • 36248993488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New light through old windows: moving beyond the " virtual lesion" approach to transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Silvanto, J., and Muggleton, N. G. (2008). New light through old windows: moving beyond the " virtual lesion" approach to transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuroimage 39, 549-552.
    • (2008) Neuroimage , vol.39 , pp. 549-552
    • Silvanto, J.1    Muggleton, N.G.2
  • 107
    • 51349147075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State-dependency of transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Silvanto, J., and Pascual-Leone, A. (2008). State-dependency of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Topogr. 21, 1-10.
    • (2008) Brain Topogr , vol.21 , pp. 1-10
    • Silvanto, J.1    Pascual-Leone, A.2
  • 108
    • 70649112973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronavigation for tran-scranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): where we are and where we are going
    • Sparing, R., Hesse, M. D., and Fink, G. R. (2010). Neuronavigation for tran-scranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): where we are and where we are going. Cortex 46, 118-120.
    • (2010) Cortex , vol.46 , pp. 118-120
    • Sparing, R.1    Hesse, M.D.2    Fink, G.R.3
  • 109
    • 0032063247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-modal links in exogenous covert spatial orienting between touch, audition, and vision
    • Spence, C., Nicholls, M. E., Gillespie, N., and Driver, J. (1998). Cross-modal links in exogenous covert spatial orienting between touch, audition, and vision. Percept. Psychophys. 60, 544-557.
    • (1998) Percept. Psychophys , vol.60 , pp. 544-557
    • Spence, C.1    Nicholls, M.E.2    Gillespie, N.3    Driver, J.4
  • 110
    • 0031761141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural mechanisms for synthesizing sensory information and producing adaptive behaviors.
    • Stein, B. E. (1998). Neural mechanisms for synthesizing sensory information and producing adaptive behaviors. Exp. Brain Res. 123, 124-135.
    • (1998) Exp Brain Res , vol.123 , pp. 124-135
    • Stein, B.E.1
  • 111
    • 41149111920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multisensory integration: current issues from the perspective of the single neuron
    • Stein, B. E., and Stanford, T. R. (2008). Multisensory integration: current issues from the perspective of the single neuron. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 255-266.
    • (2008) Nat. Rev. Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 255-266
    • Stein, B.E.1    Stanford, T.R.2
  • 112
    • 62949244915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into rhythmic brain activity from TMS-EEG studies
    • Thut, G., and Miniussi, C. (2009). New insights into rhythmic brain activity from TMS-EEG studies. Trends Cogn. Sci. 13, 182-189.
    • (2009) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.13 , pp. 182-189
    • Thut, G.1    Miniussi, C.2
  • 113
    • 33947714465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial direct current stimulation: a computer-based human model study
    • Wagner, T., Fregni, F., Fecteau, S., Grodzinsky, A., Zahn, M., and PascualLeone, A. (2007). Transcranial direct current stimulation: a computer-based human model study. Neuroimage 35, 1113-1124.
    • (2007) Neuroimage , vol.35 , pp. 1113-1124
    • Wagner, T.1    Fregni, F.2    Fecteau, S.3    Grodzinsky, A.4    Zahn, M.5    Pascual-Leone, A.6
  • 116
    • 27544482581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recharging cognition with DC brain polarization
    • Wassermann, E. M., and Grafman, J. (2005). Recharging cognition with DC brain polarization. Trends Cogn. Sci. 9, 503-505.
    • (2005) Trends Cogn. Sci , vol.9 , pp. 503-505
    • Wassermann, E.M.1    Grafman, J.2
  • 117
    • 34648819933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity in human V1 follows multisensory perception
    • Watkins, S., Shams, L., Josephs, O., and Rees, G. (2007). Activity in human V1 follows multisensory perception. Neuroimage 37, 572-578.
    • (2007) Neuroimage , vol.37 , pp. 572-578
    • Watkins, S.1    Shams, L.2    Josephs, O.3    Rees, G.4
  • 118
    • 33745016748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sound alters activity in human V1 in associa-tion with illusory visual perception
    • Watkins, S., Shams, L., Tanaka, S., Haynes, J. D., and Rees, G. (2006). Sound alters activity in human V1 in associa-tion with illusory visual perception. Neuroimage 31, 1247-1256.
    • (2006) Neuroimage , vol.31 , pp. 1247-1256
    • Watkins, S.1    Shams, L.2    Tanaka, S.3    Haynes, J.D.4    Rees, G.5
  • 119
    • 77952631010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive brain stimulation with low-intensity electrical currents: putative mecha-nisms of action for direct and alternat-ing current stimulation
    • Zaghi, S., Acar, M., Hultgren, B., Boggio, P. S., and Fregni, F. (2009). Noninvasive brain stimulation with low-intensity electrical currents: putative mecha-nisms of action for direct and alternat-ing current stimulation. Neuroscientist. 16, 285-307.
    • (2009) Neuroscientist , vol.16 , pp. 285-307
    • Zaghi, S.1    Acar, M.2    Hultgren, B.3    Boggio, P.S.4    Fregni, F.5
  • 120
    • 70649089149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TMS in cogni-tive neuroscience: virtual lesion and beyond
    • Ziemann, U. (2010). TMS in cogni-tive neuroscience: virtual lesion and beyond. Cortex 46, 124-127.
    • (2010) Cortex , vol.46 , pp. 124-127
    • Ziemann, U.1
  • 122
    • 0029910570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between intracortical inhibition and facilita-tion in human motor cortex
    • Ziemann, U., Rothwell, J. C., and Ridding, M. C. (1996). Interaction between intracortical inhibition and facilita-tion in human motor cortex. J. Physiol. 496, 873-881.
    • (1996) J. Physiol , vol.496 , pp. 873-881
    • Ziemann, U.1    Rothwell, J.C.2    Ridding, M.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.