The plastic human brain cortex

Annual Review of Neuroscience

Volumn 28, Issue , 2005, Pages 377-401

  Pascual Leone, Alvaro ^a   Amedi, Amir ^a   Fregni, Felipe ^a   Merabet, Lotfi B ^a  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

Blindness; Cortical stimulation; Crossmodal plasticity; Functional neuroimaging; Neuromodulation; Neurorehabilitation; Stroke

Indexed keywords

BLINDNESS; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN INJURY; BRAIN MAPPING; COGNITION; HUMAN; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEUROMODULATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OCCIPITAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STROKE;

BLINDNESS; BRAIN INJURIES; BRAIN MAPPING; CEREBRAL CORTEX; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FUNCTIONAL LATERALITY; HUMANS; LEARNING; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; NEURONAL PLASTICITY; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 23244454156     PISSN: 0147006X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144216     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. Amedi A, Floel A, Knecht S, Zohary E, Cohen LG. 2004. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the occipital pole interferes with verbal processing in blind subjects. Nat. Neurosci. 7:1266-70
2. Amedi A, Jacobson G, Hendler T, Malach R, Zohary E. 2002. Convergence of visual and tactile shape processing in the human lateral occipital complex. Cereb. Cortex 11:1202-12
3. Amedi A, Malach R, Hendler T, Peled S, Zohary E. 2001. Visuo-haptic object-related activation in the ventral visual pathway. Nat. Neurosci. 3:324-30
4. Amedi A, Raz N, Pianka P, Malach R, Zohary E. 2003. Early 'visual' cortex activation correlates with superior verbal memory performance in the blind. Nat. Neurosci. 6:758-66
5. Bara-Jimenez W, Catalan MJ, Hallett M, Gerloff C. 1998. Abnormal somatosensory homunculus in dystonia of the hand. Ann. Neurol. 44:828-31
6. Baron JC, Cohen LG, Cramer SC, Dobkin BH, Johansen-Berg H, et al. 2004. Neuroimaging in stroke recovery: a position paper from the First International Workshop on Neuroimaging and Stroke Recovery. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 18:260-67
7. Bestmann S, Baudewig J, Siebner HR, Rothwell JC, Frahm J. 2004. Functional MRI of the immediate impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation on cortical and subcortical motor circuits. Eur. J. Neurosci. 19:1950-62
8. Brighina F, Bisiach E, Oliveri M, Piazza A, La Bua V, et al. 2003. 1 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere ameliorates contralesional visuospatial neglect in humans. Neurosci. Lett. 336:131-33
9. Brown JA, Lutsep H, Cramer SC, Weinand M. 2003. Motor cortex stimulation for enhancement of recovery after stroke: case report. Neurol. Res. 25:815-18
10. Büchel C, Price C, Frackowiak RSJ, et al. 1998. Different activation patterns in the visual cortex of late and congenitally blind subjects. Brain 121:409-19
11. Burton H. 2003. Visual cortex activity in early and late blind people. J. Neurosci. 23:4005-11
12. Burton H, Snyder AZ, Conturo TE, Akbudak E, Ollinger JM, Raichle ME. 2002a. Adaptive changes in early and late blind: a fMRI study of Braille reading. J. Neurophysiol. 87:589-607
13. Burton H, Snyder AZ, Diamond JB, Raichle ME. 2002b. Adaptive changes in early and late blind: a FMRI study of verb generation to heard nouns. J. Neurophysiol. 88:3359-71
14. Candia V, Elbert T, Altenmuller E, Rau H, Schafer T, Taub E. 1999. Constraint-induced movement therapy for focal hand dystonia in musicians. Lancet 353:42
15. Candia V, Schafer T, Taub E, Rau H, Altenmuller E, et al. 2002. Sensory motor retuning: a behavioral treatment for focal hand dystonia of pianists and guitarists. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 83:1342-48
16. Candia V, Wienbruch C, Elbert T, Rockstroh B, Ray W. 2003. Effective behavioral treatment of focal hand dystonia in musicians alters somatosensory cortical organization. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:7942-46
17. Carey JR, Kimberley TJ, Lewis SM, Auerbach EJ, Dorsey L, et al. 2002. Analysis of fMRI and finger tracking training in subjects with chronic stroke. Brain 125:773-88
18. Chamagne P. 2003. Functional dystonia in musicians: rehabilitation. Hand Clin. 19:309-16
19. Chen WH, Mima T, Siebner HR, Oga T, Hara H, et al. 2003. Low-frequency rTMS over lateral premotor cortex induces lasting changes in regional activation and functional coupling of cortical motor areas. Clin. Neurophysiol. 114:1628-37
20. Cohen LG, Bandinelli S, Sato S, Kufta C, Hallett M. 1991. Attenuation in detection of somatosensory stimuli by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 81:366-76
21. Cohen LG, Celnik P, Pascual-Leone A, Corwell B, Falz L, et al. 1997. Functional relevance of cross-modal plasticity in blind humans. Nature 389:180-83
22. Decety J, Ingvar DH. 1990. Brain structures participating in mental simulation of motor behavior: a neuropsychological interpretation. Acta Psychol. (Amst.) 73:13-34
23. Doucet ME, Guillemot JP, Lassonde M, Gagne JP, Leclerc C, Lepore F. 2005. Blind subjects process auditory spectral cues more efficiently than sighted individuals. Exp. Brain Res. 160:194-202
24. Elbert T, Candia V, Altenmuller E, Rau H, Sterr A, et al. 1998. Alteration of digital representations in somatosensory cortex in focal hand dystonia. Neuroreport 9:3571-75
25. Fine I, Wade AR, Brewer AA, May MG, Goodman DF, et al. 2003. Long-term deprivation affects visual perception and cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 6(9):915-16
26. Gougoux F, Lepore F, Lassonde M, Voss P, Zatorre RJ, Belin P. 2004. Neuropsychology: pitch discrimination in the early blind. Nature 430:309
27. Gougoux F, Zatorre RJ, Lassonde M, Voss P, Lepore F. 2005. A functional neuroimaging study of sound localization: visual cortex activity performance in early-blind individuals. PLoS Biol. 3:e27
28. Grafton ST, Mazziota JC, Presty S, Friston KJ, Frackowiak RSJ, Phleps ME. 1992. Functional anatomy of human procedural learning determined with regional cerebral blood flow and PET. J. Neurosci. 12:2542-48
29. Grotta JC, Noser EA, Ro T, Boake C, Levin H, et al. 2004. Constraint-induced movement therapy. Stroke 35:2699-701
30. Hallett M. 1995. Is dystonia a sensory disorder? Ann. Neurol. 38:139-40
31. Hamilton R, Keenan JP, Catala M, Pascual-Leone A. 2000. Alexia for Braille following bilateral occipital stroke in an early blind woman. Neuroreport 11:237-40
32. Hamilton RH, Pascual-Leone A. 1998. Cortical plasticity associated with Braille learning. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2:168-74
33. Hamilton RH, Pascual-Leone A, Schlaug G. 2004. Absolute pitch in blind musicians. Neuroreport 15:803-6
34. Hilgetag CC, Theoret H, Pascual-Leone A. 2001. Enhanced visual spatial attention ipsilateral to rTMS-induced 'virtual lesions' of human parietal cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 4:953-57
35. Hollins M, Kelley EK. 1988. Spatial updating in blind and sighted people. Percept. Psychophys. 43:380-88
36. Huang YZ, Edwards MJ, Rounis E, Bhatia KP, Rothwell JC. 2005. Theta burst stimulation of the human motor cortex. Neuron 45:201-6
37. Jacobs KM, Donoghue JP. 1991. Reshaping the cortical motor map by unmasking latent intracortical connections. Science 251:944-47
38. Jenkins IH, Brooks DJ, Nixon PD, Frackowiak RS, Passingham RE. 1994. Motor sequence learning: a study with positron emission tomography. J. Neurosci. 14:3775-90
39. Karni A, Meyer G, Jezzard P, Adams MM, Turner R, Ungerleider LG. 1995. Functional MRI evidence for adult motor cortex plasticity during motor skill learning. Nature 377:155-58
40. Karni A, Meyer G, Rey-Hipolito C, Jezzard P, Adams MM, et al. 1998. The acquisition of skilled motor performance: fast and slow experience-driven changes in primary motor cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:861-68
41. Knecht S, Floel A, Drager B, Breitenstein C, Sommer J, et al. 2002. Degree of language lateralization determines susceptibility to unilateral brain lesions. Nat. Neurosci. 5:695-99
42. Kobayashi M, Hutchinson S, Schlaug G, Pascual-Leone A. 2003. Ipsilateral motor cortex activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging during unilateral hand movements is related to interhemispheric interactions. Neuroimage 20:2259-70
43. Kobayashi M, Hutchinson S, Theoret H, Schlaug G, Pascual-Leone A. 2004. Repetitive TMS of the motor cortex improves ipsilateral sequential simple finger movements. Neurology 62:91-98
44. Laughlin SB, Sejnowski TJ. 2003. Communication in neuronal networks. Science 301:1870-73
45. Lee L, Siebner HR, Rowe JB, Rizzo V, Rothwell JC, et al. 2003. Acute remapping within the motor system induced by low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. J. Neurosci. 23:5308-18
46. Lessard N, Pare M, Lepore F, Lassonde M. 1998. Early-blind human subjects localize sound sources better than sighted subjects. Nature 395:278-80
47. Liepert J, Storch P, Fritsch A, Weiller C. 2000. Motor cortex disinhibition in acute stroke. Clin. Neurophysiol. 111:671-76
48. Liepert J, Uhde I, Graf S, Leidner O, Weiller C. 2001. Motor cortex plasticity during forced-use therapy in stroke patients: a preliminary study. J. Neurol. 248:315-21
49. Maeda F, Keenan JP, Tormos JM, Topka H, Pascual-Leone A. 2000. Modulation of corticospinal excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin. Neurophysiol. 111:800-5
50. Mansur CG, Fregni F, Boggio PS, Riberto M, Gallucci-Neto J, et al. 2005. A sham-stimulation controlled trial of rTMS of the unaffected hemisphere on hand motor function after stroke. Neurology. In press
51. Mark VW, Taub E. 2004. Constraint-induced movement therapy for chronic stroke hemiparesis and other disabilities. Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. 22:317-36
52. Martin PI, Naeser MA, Theoret H, Tormos JM, Nicholas M, et al. 2004. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a complementary treatment for aphasia. Semin. Speech Lang. 25:181-91
53. Melzer P, Morgan VL, Pickens DR, Price RR, Wall RS, Ebner FF. 2001. Cortical activation during Braille reading is influenced by early visual experience in subjects with severe visual disability: a correlational fMRI study. Hum. Brain Mapp. 14:186-95
54. Merabet L, Amedi A, Pascual-Leone A. 2005. Activation of the visual cortex by Braille reading in blind subjects. In Reprogramming Cerebral Cortex: Plasticity Following Central and Peripheral Lesions, ed. S Lomber, JJ Eggermont. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press. In press
55. Merabet L, Kobayashi M, Barton J, Pascual-Leone A. 2003. Suppression of complex visual hallucinatory experiences by occipital transcranial magnetic stimulation: a case report. Neurocase 9(5):436-40
56. Merabet L, Maguire D, Warde A, Altruescu K, Stickold R, Pascual-Leone A. 2004a. Visual hallucinations during prolonged blindfolding in sighted subjects. J. Neuro-Ophthalmol. 24:109-13
57. Merabet L, Rizzo J, Amedi A, Somers D, Pascual-Leone A. 2005. What blindness can tell us about seeing again: Merging neuroplasticity and neuroprostheses. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 6: 71-77
58. Merabet L, Thut G, Murray B, Andrews J, Hsiao S, Pascual-Leone A. 2004b. Feeling by sight or seeing by touch? Neuron 42:173-79
59. Murase N, Duque J, Mazzocchio R, Cohen LG. 2004. Influence of interhemispheric interactions on motor function in chronic stroke. Ann. Neurol. 55:400-9
60. Naeser MS, Martin PI, Nicholas M, Baker EH, Seekins H, et al. 2005a. Improved naming after TMS treatments in a chronic, global Aphasia patient-case report. Neurocase. In press
61. Naeser MS, Martin PI, Nicholas M, Baker EH, Seekins H, et al. 2005b. Improved picture naming in chronic Aphasia after TMS to part of right Broca's area, an open-protocol study. Brain Lang. In press
62. Noppeney U, Friston KJ, Price CJ. 2003. Effects of visual deprivation on the organization of the semantic system. Brain 126:1620-27
63. Oliveri M, Bisiach E, Brighina F, Piazza A, La Bua V, et al. 2001. rTMS of the unaffected hemisphere transiently reduces contralesional visuospatial hemineglect. Neurology 57:1338-40
64. Oliviero A, Strens LH, Di Lazzaro V, Tonali PA, Brown P. 2003. Persistent effects of high frequency repetitive TMS on the coupling between motor areas in the human. Exp. Brain Res. 149:107-13
65. Pantev C, Engelien A, Candia V, Elbert T. 2001. Representational cortex in musicians. Plastic alterations in response to musical practice. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 930:300-14
66. Pascual-Leone A. 1996. Reorganization of cortical motor outputs in the acquisition of new motor skills. In Recent Advances in Clinical Neurophysiology, ed. J Kinura, H Shibasaki, pp. 304-8. Amsterdam: Elsevier Sci.
67. Pascual-Leone A, Cohen LG, Brasil-Neto JP, Valls-Sole J, Hallett M. 1994. Differentiation of sensorimotor neuronal structures responsible for induction of motor evoked potentials, attenuation in detection of somatosensory stimuli, and induction of sensation of movement by mapping of optimal current directions. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 93:230-36
68. Pascual-Leone A, Hamilton RH. 2001. The metamodal organization of the brain. Prog. Brain Res. 134:427-45
69. Pascual-Leone A, Nguyet D, Cohen LG, Brasil-Neto JP, Cammarota A, Hallett M. 1995. Modulation of muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation during the acquisition of new fine motor skills. J. Neurophysiol. 74:1037-45
70. Pascual-Leone A, Tormos JM, Keenan J, Tarazona F, Canete C, Catala MD. 1998. Study and modulation of human cortical excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 15:333-43
71. Pascual-Leone A, Walsh V, Rothwell J. 2000. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive neuroscience-virtual lesion, chronometry, and functional connectivity. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 10:232-37
72. Phelps ME, Mazziotta JC, Kuhl DE, Nuwer M, Packwood J, et al. 1981. Tomographic mapping of human cerebral metabolism visual stimulation and deprivation. Neurology 31:517-29
73. Plautz EJ, Barbay S, Frost SB, Friel KM, Dancause N, et al. 2003. Post-infarct cortical plasticity and behavioral recovery using concurrent cortical stimulation and rehabilitative training: a feasibility study in primates. Neurol. Res. 25:801-10
74. Press DZ, Casement MD, Moo LR, Alsop DC. 2004. Imaging phonological and semantic networks with fMRI. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. Viewer/Itinerary Planner. No. 80.13
75. Pujol J, Roset-Llobet J, Rosines-Cubells D, Deus J, Narberhaus B, et al. 2000. Brain cortical activation during guitar-induced hand dystonia studied by functional MRI. Neuroimage 12:257-67
76. Rauschecker JP. 1995. Developmental plasticity and memory. Behav. Brain Res. 66:7-12
77. Roder B, Stock O, Bien S, Neville H, Rosler F. 2002. Speech processing activates visual cortex in congenitally blind humans. Eur. J. Neurosci. 16:930-36
78. Roland PE, Eriksson L, Stone-Elander S, Widen L. 1987. Does mental activity change the oxidative metabolism of the brain? J. Neurosci. 7:2373-89
79. Rossini PM, Dal Forno G. 2004. Neuronal post-stroke plasticity in the adult. Restor. Neurol. Neurosci. 22:193-206
80. Sadato N, Okada T, Honda M, Yonekura Y. 2002. Critical period for cross-modal plasticity in blind humans: a functional MRI study. Neuroimage 16:389-400
81. Sadato N, Pascual-Leone A, Grafman J, Deiber MP, Ibanez V, Hallett M. 1998. Neural networks for Braille reading by the blind. Brain 121(Pt. 7):1213-29
82. Sadato N, Pascual-Leone A, Grafman J, Ibanez V, Deiber MP, et al. 1996. Activation of the primary visual cortex by Braille reading in blind subjects. Nature 380:526-28
83. Sanes JN, Wang J, Donoghue JP. 1992. Immediate and delayed changes of rat motor cortical output representation with new forelimb configurations. Cereb. Cortex 2:141-52
84. Seitz RJ, Roland E, Bohm C, Greitz T, Stone ES. 1990. Motor learning in man: a positron emission tomographic study. Neuroreport 1:57-60
85. Shimizu T, Hosaki A, Hino T, Sato M, Komori T, et al. 2002. Motor cortical disinhibition in the unaffected hemisphere after unilateral cortical stroke. Brain 125:1896-907
86. Siebner HR, Tormos JM, Ceballos-Baumann AO, Auer C, Catala MD, et al. 1999. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in writer's cramp. Neurology 52:529-37
87. Strens LH, Oliviero A, Bloem BR, Gerschlager W, Rothwell JC, Brown P. 2002. The effects of subthreshold 1 Hz repetitive TMS on cortico-cortical and interhemispheric coherence. Clin. Neurophysiol. 113:1279-85
88. Theoret H, Merabet L, Pascual-Leone A. 2004. Behavioral and neuroplastic changes in the blind: evidence for functionally relevant cross-modal interactions. J. Physiol. (Paris) 98(1-3):221-33
89. Uhl F, Franzen P, Lindinger G, et al. 1991. On the functionality of the visually deprived occipital cortex in early blind person. Neurosci. Lett. 124:256-59
90. Uhl F, Franzen P, Podreka I, et al. 1993. Increased regional cerebral blood flow in inferior occipital cortex and the cerebellum of early blind humans. Neurosci. Lett. 150:162-64
91. van Boven R, Hamilton R, Kaufman T, Keenan JP, Pascual-Leone A. 2000. Tactile spatial resolution in blind Braille readers. Neurology 54:2030-46
92. Voss P, Lassonde M, Gougoux F, Fortin M, Guillemot JP, Lepore F. 2004. Early- and late-onset blind individuals show supra-normal auditory abilities in far-space. Curr. Biol. 14:1734-38
93. Walsh V, Pascual-Leone A. 2003. Neurochronometrics of Mind: TMS in Cognitive Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
94. Wanet-Defalque MC, Veraart C, De Volder A, Metz R, Michel C, et al. 1988. High metabolic activity in the visual cortex of early blind human subjects. Brain Res. 446:369-73
95. Ward NS, Brown MM, Thompson AJ, Frackowiak RS. 2003. Neural correlates of motor recovery after stroke: a longitudinal fMRI study. Brain 126:2476-96
96. Werhahn KJ, Conforto AB, Kadom N, Hallett M, Cohen LG. 2003. Contribution of the ipsilateral motor cortex to recovery after chronic stroke. Ann. Neurol. 54:464-72
97. Wittenberg GF, Werhahn KJ, Wassermann EM, Herscovitch P, Cohen LG. 2004. Functional connectivity between somatosensory and visual cortex in early blind humans. Eur. J. Neurosci. 20(7):1923-27
98. Zangaladze A, Epstein CM, Grafton ST, Sathian K. 1999. Involvement of visual cortex in tactile discrimination of orientation. Nature 401:587-90