Chronic toxoplasma infection modifies the structure and the risk of host behavior

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2012, Pages

  Afonso, Cristina ^a   Paixão, Vitor B ^a   Costa, Rui M ^a  

^a INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE CIÊNCIA   (Portugal)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; BRAIN CYST; BRAIN REGION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR; FEAR; FEMALE; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; INFECTION; LIFE CYCLE; LOCOMOTION; MAZE TEST; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OPEN FIELD TEST; PARASITE LOAD; PARASITE TRANSMISSION; PREDATION; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; TOXOPLASMA GONDII; TOXOPLASMOSIS; WEIGHT GAIN; ACUTE DISEASE; ANIMAL; BRAIN; C57BL MOUSE; CHRONIC DISEASE; CYST; PARASITOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; TOXOPLASMA;

ANIMALIA; FELIDAE; MUS; RODENTIA; TOXOPLASMA;

ACUTE DISEASE; ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; BRAIN; CHRONIC DISEASE; CYSTS; EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR; FEAR; FEMALE; HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; LOCOMOTION; MAZE LEARNING; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; TOXOPLASMA; TOXOPLASMOSIS, ANIMAL; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 84858173209     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032489     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Beverley JK, (1976) Toxoplasmosis in animals. Vet Rec 99: 123-127.
2. Hutchison WM, Dunachie JF, Siim JC, Work K, (1969) Life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. Br Med J 4: 806.
3. Dubey JP, Lindsay DS, Speer CA, (1998) Structures of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites and biology and development of tissue cysts. Clin Microbiol Rev 11: 267-299.
4. Hay J, Hutchison WM, Aitken PP, Graham DI, (1983) The effect of congenital and adult-acquired Toxoplasma infections on activity and responsiveness to novel stimulation in mice. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 77: 483-495.
5. Hutchinson WM, Bradley M, Cheyne WM, Wells BW, Hay J, (1980) Behavioural abnormalities in Toxoplasma-infected mice. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 74: 337-345.
6. Gonzalez LE, Rojnik B, Urrea F, Urdaneta H, Petrosino P, et al. (2007) Toxoplasma gondii infection lower anxiety as measured in the plus-maze and social interaction tests in rats A behavioral analysis. Behav Brain Res 177: 70-79.
7. Hutchison WM, Aitken PP, Wells BW, (1980) Chronic Toxoplasma infections and motor performance in the mouse. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 74: 507-510.
8. Vyas A, Kim SK, Giacomini N, Boothroyd JC, Sapolsky RM, (2007) Behavioral changes induced by Toxoplasma infection of rodents are highly specific to aversion of cat odors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 6442-6447.
9. Berdoy M, Webster JP, Macdonald DW, (2000) Fatal attraction in rats infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Proc Biol Sci 267: 1591-1594.
10. Webster JP, (2007) The effect of Toxoplasma gondii on animal behavior: playing cat and mouse. Schizophr Bull 33: 752-756.
11. Webster JP, Brunton CF, MacDonald DW, (1994) Effect of Toxoplasma gondii upon neophobic behaviour in wild brown rats, Rattus norvegicus. Parasitology 109 (Pt 1): 37-43.
12. Di Cristina M, Marocco D, Galizi R, Proietti C, Spaccapelo R, et al. (2008) Temporal and spatial distribution of Toxoplasma gondii differentiation into Bradyzoites and tissue cyst formation in vivo. Infect Immun 76: 3491-3501.
13. Derouin F, Mazeron MC, Garin YJ, (1987) Comparative study of tissue culture and mouse inoculation methods for demonstration of Toxoplasma gondii. J Clin Microbiol 25: 1597-1600.
14. Prut L, Belzung C, (2003) The open field as a paradigm to measure the effects of drugs on anxiety-like behaviors: a review. Eur J Pharmacol 463: 3-33.
15. Drai D, Kafkafi N, Benjamini Y, Elmer G, Golani I, (2001) Rats and mice share common ethologically relevant parameters of exploratory behavior. Behav Brain Res 125: 133-140.
16. Walsh RN, Cummins RA, (1976) The Open-Field Test: a critical review. Psychol Bull 83: 482-504.
17. Choleris E, Thomas AW, Kavaliers M, Prato FS, (2001) A detailed ethological analysis of the mouse open field test: effects of diazepam, chlordiazepoxide and an extremely low frequency pulsed magnetic field. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 25: 235-260.
18. Rodgers RJ, Dalvi A, (1997) Anxiety, defence and the elevated plus-maze. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 21: 801-810.
19. Stibbs HH, (1985) Changes in brain concentrations of catecholamines and indoleamines in Toxoplasma gondii infected mice. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 79: 153-157.
20. Prandovszky E, Gaskell E, Martin H, Dubey JP, Webster JP, et al. (2011) The Neurotropic Parasite Toxoplasma Gondii Increases Dopamine Metabolism. PLoS One pp. e23866.
21. Munoz M, Liesenfeld O, Heimesaat MM, (2011) Immunology of Toxoplasma gondii. Immunol Rev 240: 269-285.
22. Hunn JP, Feng CG, Sher A, Howard JC, (2011) The immunity-related GTPases in mammals: a fast-evolving cell-autonomous resistance system against intracellular pathogens. Mamm Genome 22: 43-54.
23. Lyte M, Varcoe JJ, Bailey MT, (1998) Anxiogenic effect of subclinical bacterial infection in mice in the absence of overt immune activation. Physiol Behav 65: 63-68.
24. Gaykema RP, Goehler LE, Lyte M, (2004) Brain response to cecal infection with Campylobacter jejuni: analysis with Fos immunohistochemistry. Brain Behav Immun 18: 238-245.
25. Poulin R, (2010) Parasite Manipulation of Host Behavior: An Update and Frequently Asked Questions. In: Brockmann HJ, editors. Advances in the Study of Behavior: Academic Press pp. 151-186.
26. Webster JP, McConkey GA, (2010) Toxoplasma gondii-altered host behaviour: clues as to mechanism of action. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 57: 95-104.
27. Wendte JM, Gibson AK, Grigg ME, (2011) Population genetics of Toxoplasma gondii: new perspectives from parasite genotypes in wildlife. Vet Parasitol 182: 96-111.
28. Boothroyd JC, (2009) Expansion of host range as a driving force in the evolution of Toxoplasma. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104: 179-184.
29. Darde ML, (1996) Biodiversity in Toxoplasma gondii. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 219: 27-41.
30. Sibley LD, Howe DK, (1996) Genetic basis of pathogenicity in toxoplasmosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 219: 3-15.
31. Su C, Evans D, Cole RH, Kissinger JC, Ajioka JW, et al. (2003) Recent expansion of Toxoplasma through enhanced oral transmission. Science 299: 414-416.
32. Flegr J, (2007) Effects of Toxoplasma on human behavior. Schizophr Bull 33: 757-760.
33. Flegr J, Havlicek J, Kodym P, Maly M, Smahel Z, (2002) Increased risk of traffic accidents in subjects with latent toxoplasmosis: a retrospective case-control study. BMC Infect Dis 2: 11.
34. Flegr J, Hrdy I, (1994) Influence of chronic toxoplasmosis on some human personality factors. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 41: 122-126.
35. Flegr J, Preiss M, Klose J, Havlicek J, Vitakova M, et al. (2003) Decreased level of psychobiological factor novelty seeking and lower intelligence in men latently infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii Dopamine, a missing link between schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis? Biol Psychol 63: 253-268.
36. Webster JP, (2001) Rats, cats, people and parasites: the impact of latent toxoplasmosis on behaviour. Microbes Infect 3: 1037-1045.
37. Dubey JP, Sreekumar C, (2003) Redescription of Hammondia hammondi and its differentiation from Toxoplasma gondii. Int J Parasitol 33: 1437-1453.
38. Ma Y, Hof PR, Grant SC, Blackband SJ, Bennett R, et al. (2005) A three-dimensional digital atlas database of the adult C57BL/6J mouse brain by magnetic resonance microscopy. Neuroscience 135: 1203-1215.