Effects of Toxoplasma on human behavior

Schizophrenia Bulletin

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 757-760

  Flegr, Jaroslav ^a  

^a CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

Dopamine; Personality test; Reaction time; Testosterone

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE; TESTOSTERONE; PROTOZOON ANTIBODY;

ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; HUMAN; PERSONALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; TOXOPLASMA GONDII; TOXOPLASMOSIS; ADULT; AGE; ANIMAL; BLOOD; CHRONIC DISEASE; CZECH REPUBLIC; FEMALE; IMMUNOLOGY; MALE; PARASITOLOGY; PERSONALITY TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; PREGNANCY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGY; REACTION TIME; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TOXOPLASMA;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, PROTOZOAN; CATTELL PERSONALITY FACTOR QUESTIONNAIRE; CHRONIC DISEASE; CZECH REPUBLIC; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PREGNANCY; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REACTION TIME; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; TOXOPLASMA; TOXOPLASMOSIS, CEREBRAL;

EID: 34248401155     PISSN: 05867614     EISSN: 17451701     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbl074     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. Int J Parasitol. 2000;30:1217-1258.
2. Flegr J, Hrdy I. Influence of chronic toxoplasmosis on some human personality factors. Folia Parasitol. 1994;41:122-126.
3. Flegr J, Zitkova S, Kodym P, Frynta D. Induction of changes in human behaviour by the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitology. 1996;113:49-54.
4. Flegr J, Hrda S, Tachezy J. The role of psychological factors in questionnaire-based studies on routes of human toxoplasmosis transmission. Cent Eur J Public Health. 1998;6:45-50.
5. Flegr J, Havlicek J. Changes in the personality profile of young women with latent toxoplasmosis. Folia Parasitol (Praha). 1999;46:22-28.
6. Flegr J, Kodym P, Tolarova V. Correlation of duration of latent Toxoplasma gondii infection with personality changes in women. Biol Psychol. 2000;53:57-68.
7. Flegr J, Preiss M, Klose J, Havlicek J, Vitakova M, Kodym P. Decreased level of psychobiological factor novelty seeking and lower intelligence in men latently infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii Dopamine, a missing link between schizophrenia and toxoplasmosis? Biol Psychol. 2003;63:253-268.
8. Novotna M, Hanusova J, Klose J, et al. Probable neuroimmunological link between Toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus infections and personality changes in the human host. BMC Infect Dis. 2005;5.
9. Lindová J, Novotna M, Havlicek J, et al. Gender differences in behavioural changes induced by latent toxoplasmosis. Int J Parasitol. 2006;36:1485-1492.
10. Hutchison WM, Aitken PP, Wells BWP. Chronic Toxoplasma infections and motor performance in the mouse. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1980;74:505-510.
11. Hrda S, Votypka J, Kodym P, Flegr J. Transient nature of Toxoplasma gondii-induced behavioral changes in mice. J Parasitol. 2000;86:657-663.
12. Havlicek J, Gasova Z, Smith AP, Zvara K, Flegr J. Decrease of psychomotor performance in subjects with latent 'asymptomatic' toxoplasmosis. Parasitology. 2001;122:515-520.
13. Flegr J, Havlicek J, Kodym P, Maly M, Smahel Z. Increased risk of traffic accidents in subjects with latent toxoplasmosis: a retrospective case-control study. BMC Infect Dis. 2002;2:11.
14. Yereli K, Balcioglu IC, Ozbilgin A. Is Toxoplasma gondii a potential risk for traffic accidents in Turkey? Forensic Sci Int. 2006;163:34-37.
15. Lafferty KD. Can the common brain parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, influence human culture? Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. 2006;273:2749-2755.
16. Brain CK. The Hunters or the Hunted?. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1981.
17. Zuberbuhler K, Jenny D. Leopard predation and primate evolution. J Hum Evol. 2002;43:873-886.
18. Kodym P, Malý M, Svandová E, et al. Toxoplasma in the Czech Republic 1923-1999: first case to widespread outbreak. Int J Parasitol. 2000;30:11-18.
19. Stibbs HH. Changes in brain concentrations of catecholamines and indoleamines in Toxoplasma gondii infected mice. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1985;79:153-157.
20. Skallova A, Frynta D, Kodym P, Flegr J. The role of dopamine in Toxoplasma-induced behavioural alterations in mice: an ethological and ethopharmacological study. Parasitology. 2006;133:525-535.
21. Alonso R, Chaudieu I, Diorio J, Krishnamurthy A, Quirion R, Boksa P. Interleukin-2 modulates evoked release of [3H]dopamine in rat cultured mesencephalic cells. J Neurochem. 1993;61:1284-1290.
22. Petitto JM, McCarthy DB, Rinker CM, Huang Z, Getty T. Modulation of behavioral and neurochemical measures of forebrain dopamine function in mice by species-specific interleukin-2. J Neuroimmunol. 1997;73:183-190.
23. Creese I, Burt DR, Snyder SH. Dopamine receptor binding predicts clinical and pharmacological potencies of antischizophrenic drugs. Science. 1976;192:481-483.
24. Sawa A, Snyder SH. Schizophrenia: diverse approaches to a complex disease. Science. 2002;296:692-695.
25. Flegr J, Hruskova M, Hodny Z, Novotna M, Hanusova J. Body height, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, fluctuating asymmetry and second to fourth digit ratio in subjects with latent toxoplasmosis. Parasitology. 2005;130:621-628.
26. Flegr J, Hrda S, Kodym P. Influence of latent 'asymptomatic' toxoplasmosis on body weight of pregnant women. Folia Parasitol. 2005;52:199-204.
27. Kanková Š, Šulc J, Nouzová K, Fajfrlík K, Frynta D, Flegr J. Women infected with parasite Toxoplasma have more sons. Naturwissenschaften, doi: 10.1007/s00114-006-0166-2.
28. Roberts CW, Walker W, Alexander J. Sex-associated hormones and immunity to protozoan parasites. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14:476-488.
29. Schuster JP, Schaub GA. Experimental Chagas disease: the influence of sex and psychoneuroimmunological factors. Parasitol Res. 2001;87:994-1000.