Cold water immersion and recovery from strenuous exercise: A meta-analysis

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 233-240

  Leeder, Jonathan ^a,b   Gissane, Conor ^c   Van Someren, Ken ^b   Gregson, Warren ^d   Howatson, Glyn ^a,e  

^a NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b ENGLISH INSTITUTE OF SPORT   (United Kingdom)

^c ST MARY'S UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^d LIVERPOOL JOHN MOORES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

WATER;

ADULT; CONVALESCENCE; CRYOTHERAPY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMERSION; MALE; META ANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SPORT;

CRYOTHERAPY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMERSION; MALE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; SPORTS; STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL; WATER; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84858127838     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: 14730480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090061     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Tee JC, Bosch AN, Lambert MI. Metabolic consequences of exercise-induced muscle damage. Sports Med 2007;37:827-36. (Pubitemid 47481625)
2. McHugh MP, Connolly DA, Eston RG, et al. Exercise-induced muscle damage and potential mechanisms for the repeated bout effect. Sports Med 1999;27:157-70. (Pubitemid 29184728)
3. Paschalis V, Nikolaidis MG, Giakas G, et al. Position sense and reaction angle after eccentric exercise: the repeated bout effect. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;103:9-18.
4. Armstrong RB. Mechanisms of exercise-induced delayed onset muscular soreness: a brief review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1984;16:529-38. (Pubitemid 15178312)
5. Lastayo PC, Reich TE, Urquhart M, et al. Chronic eccentric exercise: improvements in muscle strength can occur with little demand for oxygen. Am J Physiol 1999;276:R611-5. (Pubitemid 29098700)
6. Thompson D, Nicholas CW, Williams C. Muscular soreness following prolonged intermittent high-intensity shuttle running. J Sports Sci 1999;17:387-95. (Pubitemid 29250940)
7. Barnett A. Using recovery modalities between training sessions in elite athletes: does it help? Sports Med 2006;36:781-96. (Pubitemid 44338178)
8. Cheung K, Hume P, Maxwell L. Delayed onset muscle soreness: treatment strategies and performance factors. Sports Med 2003;33:145-64. (Pubitemid 36315023)
9. Howatson G, van Someren KA. The prevention and treatment of exerciseinduced muscle damage. Sports Med 2008;38:483-503. (Pubitemid 351704854)
10. Gregson W, Black MA, Jones H, et al. Influence of cold water immersion on limb and cutaneous blood flow at rest. Am J Sports Med 2011;39:1316-23.
11. Bleakley CM, Davison GW. What is the biochemical and physiological rationale for using cold-water immersion in sports recovery? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2010;44:179-87.
12. Yanagisawa O, Niitsu M, Takahashi H, et al. Evaluations of cooling exercised muscle with MR imaging and 31P MR spectroscopy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:1517-23. (Pubitemid 37087581)
13. Yanagisawa O, Niitsu M, Yoshioka H, et al. The use of magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the effects of cooling on skeletal muscle after strenuous exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003;89:53-62. (Pubitemid 36748714)
14. Swenson C, Swärd L, Karlsson J. Cryotherapy in sports medicine. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1996;6:193-200. (Pubitemid 126479173)
15. Bailey DM, Erith SJ, Griffin PJ, et al. Influence of cold-water immersion on indices of muscle damage following prolonged intermittent shuttle running. J Sports Sci 2007;25:1163-70. (Pubitemid 47180510)
16. Ingram J, Dawson B, Goodman C, et al. Effect of water immersion methods on post-exercise recovery from simulated team sport exercise. J Sci Med Sport 2009;12:417-21.
17. King M, Duffield R. The effects of recovery interventions on consecutive days of intermittent sprint exercise. J Strength Cond Res 2009;23:1795-802.
18. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol 2009;62:1006-12.
19. Warren GL, Lowe DA, Armstrong RB. Measurement tools used in the study of eccentric contraction-induced injury. Sports Med 1999;27:43-59. (Pubitemid 29067278)
20. Higgins JPT, Altman DG. Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.0.1. Oxford: The Cochrane Collaboration 2008:187-235.
21. Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). Oxford: The Cochrane Collaboration 2011. www.cochrane-handbook.org (accessed 24 Feb 2011).
22. Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, et al. Introduction to Meta-Analysis. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons 2009:3-382.
23. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, et al. Measuring inconsistency in metaanalyses. BMJ 2003;327:557-60.
24. Fridén J, Lieber RL. Eccentric exercise-induced injuries to contractile and cytoskeletal muscle fibre components. Acta Physiol Scand 2001;171:321-6. (Pubitemid 32823799)
25. Cleak MJ, Eston RG. Delayed onset muscle soreness: mechanisms and management. J Sports Sci 1992;10:325-41.
26. Meeusen R, Lievens P. The use of cryotherapy in sports injuries. Sports Med 1986;3:398-414.
27. Wilcock IM, Cronin JB, Hing WA. Physiological response to water immersion: a method for sport recovery? Sports Med 2006;36:747-65. (Pubitemid 44338176)
28. Butterfield TA, Best TM, Merrick MA. The dual roles of neutrophils and macrophages in inflammation: a critical balance between tissue damage and repair. J Athl Train 2006;41:457-65. (Pubitemid 46889989)
29. Myrer WJ, Myrer KA, Measom GJ, et al. Muscle temperature is affected by overlying adipose when cryotherapy is administered. J Athl Train 2001;36:32-6. (Pubitemid 33691197)
30. Durlak JA. How to select, calculate, and interpret effect sizes. J Pediatr Psychol 2009;34:917-28.
31. Goodall S, Howatson G. The effects of multiple cold water immersions on indices of muscle damage. J Sports Sci Med 2008;7:235-241.
32. Howatson G, Goodall S, van Someren KA. The influence of cold water immersions on adaptation following a single bout of damaging exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009;105:615-21.
33. Jakeman JR, Macrae R, Eston R. A single 10-min bout of cold-water immersion therapy after strenuous plyometric exercise has no beneficial effect on recovery from the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage. Ergonomics 2009;52:456-60.
34. Kuligowski LA, Lephart SM, Giannantonio FP, et al. Effect of whirlpool therapy on the signs and symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness. J Athl Train 1998;33:222-8. (Pubitemid 128564464)
35. Montgomery PG, Pyne DB, Hopkins WG, et al. The effect of recovery strategies on physical performance and cumulative fatigue in competitive basketball. J Sports Sci 2008;26:1135-45.
36. Vaile J, Halson S, Gill N, et al. Effect of hydrotherapy on the signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. Eur J Appl Physiol 2008;102:447-55.
37. Beedie CJ. Placebo effects in competitive sport: Qualitative data. J Sports Sci Med 2007;6:21-8.
38. Armstrong RB, Warren GL, Warren JA. Mechanisms of exercise-induced muscle fibre injury. Sports Med 1991;12:184-207.
39. Proske U, Allen TJ. Damage to skeletal muscle from eccentric exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2005;33:98-104. (Pubitemid 40577543)
40. Warren GL, Ingalls CP, Lowe DA, et al. Excitation-contraction uncoupling: major role in contraction-induced muscle injury. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2001;29:82-7. (Pubitemid 33691244)
41. Garfinkel S, Cafarelli E. Relative changes in maximal force, EMG, and muscle cross-sectional area after isometric training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992;24:1220-7.
42. Favero TG. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release and muscle fatigue. J Appl Physiol 1999;87:471-83. (Pubitemid 29374978)
43. Vaile J, Halson S, Gill N, et al. Effect of hydrotherapy on recovery from fatigue. Int J Sports Med 2008;29:539-44. (Pubitemid 351999422)
44. Löllgen H, von Nieding G, Koppenhagen K, et al. Hemodynamic response to graded water immersion. Klin Wochenschr 1981;59:623-8. (Pubitemid 11064529)
45. Clarkson PM, Hoffman EP, Zambraski E, et al. ACTN3 and MLCK genotype associations with exertional muscle damage. J Appl Physiol 2005;99:564-9. (Pubitemid 41061150)
46. Yamane M, Teruya H, Nakano M, et al. Post-exercise leg and forearm flexor muscle cooling in humans attenuates endurance and resistance training effects on muscle performance and on circulatory adaptation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006;96:572-80.
47. Eston R, Peters D. Effects of cold water immersion on the symptoms of exerciseinduced muscle damage. J Sports Sci 1999;17:231-8. (Pubitemid 29231913)
48. Paddon-Jones DJ, Quigley BM. Effect of cryotherapy on muscle soreness and strength following eccentric exercise. Int J Sports Med 1997;18:588-93. (Pubitemid 27523638)