메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 179-187

What is the biochemical and physiological rationale for using cold-water immersion in sports recovery? A systematic review

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; CARBON DIOXIDE; CATECHOLAMINE; HYDROCORTISONE;

EID: 77950183849     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: 14730480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.065565     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (115)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0036862914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of cold-water immersion on power output and heart rate in elite cyclists
    • Schniepp J, Campbell TS, Powell KL, et al. The effects of cold-water immersion on power output and heart rate in elite cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 2002;16:561-566
    • (2002) J Strength Cond Res , vol.16 , pp. 561-566
    • Schniepp, J.1    Campbell, T.S.2    Powell, K.L.3
  • 2
    • 33644914174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of post-match recovery strategies in rugby players
    • Gill ND, Beaven CM, Cook C. Effectiveness of post-match recovery strategies in rugby players. Br J Sports Med 2006;40:260-263
    • (2006) Br J Sports Med , vol.40 , pp. 260-263
    • Gill, N.D.1    Beaven, C.M.2    Cook, C.3
  • 3
    • 33645738204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-exercise leg and forearm fl exor muscle cooling in humans attenuates endurance and resistance training effects on muscle performance and on circulatory adaptation
    • Yamane M, Teruya H, Nakano M, et al. Post-exercise leg and forearm fl exor muscle cooling in humans attenuates endurance and resistance training effects on muscle performance and on circulatory adaptation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006;96:572-580
    • (2006) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.96 , pp. 572-580
    • Yamane, M.1    Teruya, H.2    Nakano, M.3
  • 4
    • 37249055902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold water recovery reduces anaerobic performance
    • Crowe MJ, O'Connor D, Rudd D. Cold water recovery reduces anaerobic performance. Int J Sports Med 2007;28:994-998
    • (2007) Int J Sports Med , vol.28 , pp. 994-998
    • Crowe, M.J.1    O'Connor, D.2    Rudd, D.3
  • 5
    • 34249994334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice-water immersion and delayed-onset muscle soreness: A randomised controlled trial
    • Sellwood KL, Brukner P, Williams D, et al. Ice-water immersion and delayed-onset muscle soreness: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2007;41:392-397
    • (2007) Br J Sports Med , vol.41 , pp. 392-397
    • Sellwood, K.L.1    Brukner, P.2    Williams, D.3
  • 6
    • 67349134174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of water immersion methods on post-exercise recovery from simulated team sport exercise
    • Ingram J, Dawson B, Goodman C, et al. Effect of water immersion methods on post-exercise recovery from simulated team sport exercise. J Sci Med Sport 2009;12:417-421
    • (2009) J Sci Med Sport , vol.12 , pp. 417-421
    • Ingram, J.1    Dawson, B.2    Goodman, C.3
  • 7
    • 51649096899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of recovery strategies on physical performance and cumulative fatigue in competitive basketball
    • Montgomery PG, Pyne DB, Hopkins WG, et al. The effect of recovery strategies on physical performance and cumulative fatigue in competitive basketball. J Sports Sci 2008;26:1135-1145
    • (2008) J Sports Sci , vol.26 , pp. 1135-1145
    • Montgomery, P.G.1    Pyne, D.B.2    Hopkins, W.G.3
  • 8
    • 1542620665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternating hot and cold water immersion for athlete recovery: A review
    • Cochrane DJ. Alternating hot and cold water immersion for athlete recovery: a review. Phys Ther Sport 2004;5:26-32.
    • (2004) Phys Ther Sport , vol.5 , pp. 26-32
    • Cochrane, D.J.1
  • 9
    • 33748373433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological response to water immersion: A method for sport recovery?
    • Wilcock IM, Cronin JB, Hing WA. Physiological response to water immersion: a method for sport recovery? Sports Med 2006;36:747-765
    • (2006) Sports Med , vol.36 , pp. 747-765
    • Wilcock, I.M.1    Cronin, J.B.2    Hing, W.A.3
  • 11
    • 0021353952 scopus 로고
    • Physiological responses and survival time prediction for humans in ice-water
    • Hayward JS, Eckerson JD. Physiological responses and survival time prediction for humans in ice-water. Aviat Space Environ Med 1984;55:206-211
    • (1984) Aviat Space Environ Med , vol.55 , pp. 206-211
    • Hayward, J.S.1    Eckerson, J.D.2
  • 12
    • 0029739573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Change in sympathetic activity, cardiovascular functions and plasma hormone concentrations due to cold water immersion in men
    • Janský L, Srámek P, Savliková J, et al. Change in sympathetic activity, cardiovascular functions and plasma hormone concentrations due to cold water immersion in men. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1996;74:148-152
    • (1996) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol , vol.74 , pp. 148-152
    • Janský, L.1    Srámek, P.2    Savliková, J.3
  • 13
    • 77950129907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kaciuba-U cilkko H Excerpts of human cold survival
    • Greenleaf JE, Stocks JM, Kaciuba-U cilkko H. Excerpts of human cold survival. Medicina Sportiva 2001;5:5-18.
    • (2001) Medicina Sportiva , vol.5 , pp. 5-18
    • Greenleaf, J.E.1    Stocks, J.M.2
  • 14
    • 33745855622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermal, cardiac and adrenergic responses to repeated local cooling
    • Janský L, Matousková E, Vávra V, et al. Thermal, cardiac and adrenergic responses to repeated local cooling. Physiol Res 2006;55:543-549
    • (2006) Physiol Res , vol.55 , pp. 543-549
    • Janský, L.1    Matousková, E.2    Vávra, V.3
  • 15
    • 23644462271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and long-term effects of winter swimming and whole-body cryotherapy on plasma antioxidative capacity in healthy women
    • Dugué B, Smolander J, Westerlund T, et al. Acute and long-term effects of winter swimming and whole-body cryotherapy on plasma antioxidative capacity in healthy women. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2005;65:395-402.
    • (2005) Scand J Clin Lab Invest , vol.65 , pp. 395-402
    • Dugué, B.1    Smolander, J.2    Westerlund, T.3
  • 16
    • 15944385355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated cold showers as a method of habituating humans to the initial responses to cold water immersion
    • Eglin CM, Tipton MJ. Repeated cold showers as a method of habituating humans to the initial responses to cold water immersion. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;93:624-629
    • (2005) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.93 , pp. 624-629
    • Eglin, C.M.1    Tipton, M.J.2
  • 18
    • 0029202660 scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic effects of winter swimming on LH, FSH, prolactin, growth hormone, TSH, cortisol, serum glucose and insulin
    • Hermanussen M, Jensen F, Hirsch N, et al. Acute and chronic effects of winter swimming on LH, FSH, prolactin, growth hormone, TSH, cortisol, serum glucose and insulin. Arctic Med Res 1995;54:45-51.
    • (1995) Arctic Med Res , vol.54 , pp. 45-51
    • Hermanussen, M.1    Jensen, F.2    Hirsch, N.3
  • 19
    • 0035434955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of regular winter swimming on the activity of the sympathoadrenal system before and after a single cold water immersion
    • Huttunen P, Rintamäki H, Hirvonen J. Effect of regular winter swimming on the activity of the sympathoadrenal system before and after a single cold water immersion. Int J Circumpolar Health 2001;60:400-406
    • (2001) Int J Circumpolar Health , vol.60 , pp. 400-406
    • Huttunen, P.1    Rintamäki, H.2    Hirvonen, J.3
  • 20
    • 0024651724 scopus 로고
    • Sauna, shower, and ice water immersion. Physiological responses to brief exposures to heat, cool, and cold. Part I. Body fl uid balance
    • Kauppinen K. Sauna, shower, and ice water immersion. Physiological responses to brief exposures to heat, cool, and cold. Part I. Body fl uid balance. Arctic Med Res 1989;48:55-63.
    • (1989) Arctic Med Res , vol.48 , pp. 55-63
    • Kauppinen, K.1
  • 21
    • 0024655050 scopus 로고
    • Sauna, shower, and ice water immersion. Physiological responses to brief exposures to heat, cool, and cold. Part II. Circulation
    • Kauppinen K. Sauna, shower, and ice water immersion. Physiological responses to brief exposures to heat, cool, and cold. Part II. Circulation. Arctic Med Res 1989;48:64-74.
    • (1989) Arctic Med Res , vol.48 , pp. 64-74
    • Kauppinen, K.1
  • 22
    • 0024652975 scopus 로고
    • Sauna, shower, and ice water immersion. Physiological responses to brief exposures to heat, cool, and cold. Part III. Body temperatures
    • Kauppinen K. Sauna, shower, and ice water immersion. Physiological responses to brief exposures to heat, cool, and cold. Part III. Body temperatures. Arctic Med Res 1989;48:75-86.
    • (1989) Arctic Med Res , vol.48 , pp. 75-86
    • Kauppinen, K.1
  • 23
    • 0024690788 scopus 로고
    • Some endocrine responses to sauna, shower and ice water immersion
    • Kauppinen K, Pajari-Backas M, Volin P, et al. Some endocrine responses to sauna, shower and ice water immersion. Arctic Med Res 1989;48:131-139
    • (1989) Arctic Med Res , vol.48 , pp. 131-139
    • Kauppinen, K.1    Pajari-Backas, M.2    Volin, P.3
  • 24
    • 0019509863 scopus 로고
    • Expired air volumes of males and females during cold water immersion
    • Malkinson TJ, Martin S, Simper P, et al. Expired air volumes of males and females during cold water immersion. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1981;59:843-846
    • (1981) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.59 , pp. 843-846
    • Malkinson, T.J.1    Martin, S.2    Simper, P.3
  • 25
    • 34247165869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced cerebral perfusion on sudden immersion in ice water: A possible cause of drowning
    • Mantoni T, Belhage B, Pedersen LM, et al. Reduced cerebral perfusion on sudden immersion in ice water: a possible cause of drowning. Aviat Space Environ Med 2007;78:374-376
    • (2007) Aviat Space Environ Med , vol.78 , pp. 374-376
    • Mantoni, T.1    Belhage, B.2    Pedersen, L.M.3
  • 26
    • 0028205252 scopus 로고
    • Uric acid and glutathione levels during short-term whole body cold exposure
    • Siems WG, van Kuijk FJ, Maass R, et al. Uric acid and glutathione levels during short-term whole body cold exposure. Free Radic Biol Med 1994;16:299-305.
    • (1994) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.16 , pp. 299-305
    • Siems, W.G.1    Van Kuijk, F.J.2    Maass, R.3
  • 27
    • 0032913776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved antioxidative protection in winter swimmers
    • Siems WG, Brenke R, Sommerburg O, et al. Improved antioxidative protection in winter swimmers. Q JM 1999;92:193-198
    • (1999) Q JM , vol.92 , pp. 193-198
    • Siems, W.G.1    Brenke, R.2    Sommerburg, O.3
  • 28
    • 0025437685 scopus 로고
    • The effect of clothing on the initial responses to cold water immersion in man
    • Tipton MJ, Stubbs DA, Elliott DH. The effect of clothing on the initial responses to cold water immersion in man. J R Nav Med Serv 1990;76:89-95.
    • (1990) J R Nav Med Serv , vol.76 , pp. 89-95
    • Tipton, M.J.1    Stubbs, D.A.2    Elliott, D.H.3
  • 29
    • 0031851038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature dependence of habituation of the initial responses to cold-water immersion
    • Tipton MJ, Golden FS, Higenbottam C, et al. Temperature dependence of habituation of the initial responses to cold-water immersion. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998;78:253-257
    • (1998) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol , vol.78 , pp. 253-257
    • Tipton, M.J.1    Golden, F.S.2    Higenbottam, C.3
  • 30
    • 0034530588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permanence of the habituation of the initial responses to cold-water immersion in humans
    • Tipton MJ, Mekjavic IB, Eglin CM. Permanence of the habituation of the initial responses to cold-water immersion in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000;83:17-21.
    • (2000) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.83 , pp. 17-21
    • Tipton, M.J.1    Mekjavic, I.B.2    Eglin, C.M.3
  • 31
    • 0033041597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in forearm blood fl ow during single and intermittent cold application
    • Karunakara RG, Lephart SM, Pincivero DM. Changes in forearm blood fl ow during single and intermittent cold application. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1999;29:177-180
    • (1999) J Orthop Sports Phys Ther , vol.29 , pp. 177-180
    • Karunakara, R.G.1    Lephart, S.M.2    Pincivero, D.M.3
  • 32
    • 0028319258 scopus 로고
    • The effects of ice on blood fl ow and bone metabolism in knees
    • Ho SS, Coel MN, Kagawa R, et al. The effects of ice on blood fl ow and bone metabolism in knees. Am J Sports Med 1994;22:537-540
    • (1994) Am J Sports Med , vol.22 , pp. 537-540
    • Ho, S.S.1    Coel, M.N.2    Kagawa, R.3
  • 33
    • 0004962424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cold water immersion on edema formation after blunt injury to the hind limbs of rats
    • Dolan MG, Thornton RM, Fish DR, et al. Effects of cold water immersion on edema formation after blunt injury to the hind limbs of rats. J Athl Train 1997;32:233-237
    • (1997) J Athl Train , vol.32 , pp. 233-237
    • Dolan, M.G.1    Thornton, R.M.2    Fish, D.R.3
  • 34
    • 0001278094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold-and hot-pack contrast therapy: Subcutaneous and intramuscular temperature change
    • Myrer JW, Measom G, Durrant E, et al. Cold-and hot-pack contrast therapy: subcutaneous and intramuscular temperature change. J Athl Train 1997;32:238-241
    • (1997) J Athl Train , vol.32 , pp. 238-241
    • Myrer, J.W.1    Measom, G.2    Durrant, E.3
  • 35
    • 0035005119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between intramuscular temperature, skin temperature, and adipose thickness during cryotherapy and rewarming
    • Jutte LS, Merrick MA, Ingersoll CD, et al. The relationship between intramuscular temperature, skin temperature, and adipose thickness during cryotherapy and rewarming. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:845-850
    • (2001) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.82 , pp. 845-850
    • Jutte, L.S.1    Merrick, M.A.2    Ingersoll, C.D.3
  • 36
    • 0036143006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soft tissue thermodynamics before, during, and after cold pack therapy
    • Enwemeka CS, Allen C, Avila P, et al. Soft tissue thermodynamics before, during, and after cold pack therapy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34:45-50.
    • (2002) Med Sci Sports Exerc , vol.34 , pp. 45-50
    • Enwemeka, C.S.1    Allen, C.2    Avila, P.3
  • 37
    • 0037237434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold modalities with different thermodynamic properties produce different surface and intramuscular temperatures
    • Merrick MA, Jutte LS, Smith ME. Cold modalities with different thermodynamic properties produce different surface and intramuscular temperatures. J Athl Train 2003;38:28-33.
    • (2003) J Athl Train , vol.38 , pp. 28-33
    • Merrick, M.A.1    Jutte, L.S.2    Smith, M.E.3
  • 38
    • 0001702564 scopus 로고
    • Contrast therapy and intramuscular temperature in the human leg
    • Myrer JW, Draper DO, Durrant E. Contrast therapy and intramuscular temperature in the human leg. J Athl Train 1994;29:318-322
    • (1994) J Athl Train , vol.29 , pp. 318-322
    • Myrer, J.W.1    Draper, D.O.2    Durrant, E.3
  • 39
    • 1542462513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast therapy does not cause fl uctuations in human gastrocnemius intramuscular temperature
    • Higgins D, Kaminski TW. Contrast therapy does not cause fl uctuations in human gastrocnemius intramuscular temperature. J Athl Train 1998;33:336-340
    • (1998) J Athl Train , vol.33 , pp. 336-340
    • Higgins, D.1    Kaminski, T.W.2
  • 40
    • 33745202796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body cooling between two bouts of exercise in the heat enhances subsequent performance
    • Yeargin SW, Casa DJ, McClung JM, et al. Body cooling between two bouts of exercise in the heat enhances subsequent performance. J Strength Cond Res 2006;20:383-389
    • (2006) J Strength Cond Res , vol.20 , pp. 383-389
    • Yeargin, S.W.1    Casa, D.J.2    McClung, J.M.3
  • 41
    • 77953814965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a 5 min cold water immersion recovery on exercise performance in the heat
    • Published Online First: 21 October 2008. doi:10.1136/BJSM.2008.048173
    • Peiffer JJ, Abbiss CR, Wall BA, et al. Effect of a 5 min cold water immersion recovery on exercise performance in the heat. Br J Sports Med 2008; Published Online First: 21 October 2008. doi:10.1136/BJSM.2008.048173.
    • (2008) Br J Sports Med
    • Peiffer, J.J.1    Abbiss, C.R.2    Wall, B.A.3
  • 42
    • 39449100825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cold water immersion on repeat cycling performance and thermoregulation in the heat
    • Vaile J, Halson S, Gill N, et al. Effect of cold water immersion on repeat cycling performance and thermoregulation in the heat. J Sports Sci 2008;26:431-440
    • (2008) J Sports Sci , vol.26 , pp. 431-440
    • Vaile, J.1    Halson, S.2    Gill, N.3
  • 43
    • 72149092712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cold water immersion on repeated 1-km cycling performance in the heat
    • Published Online First: 21 October 2008. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.08.003
    • Peiffer JJ, Abbiss CR, Watson G, et al. Effect of cold water immersion on repeated 1-km cycling performance in the heat. J Sci Med Sport 2008; Published Online First: 21 October 2008. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.08.003.
    • (2008) J Sci Med Sport
    • Peiffer, J.J.1    Abbiss, C.R.2    Watson, G.3
  • 44
    • 0024829706 scopus 로고
    • The initial responses to cold-water immersion in man
    • Tipton MJ. The initial responses to cold-water immersion in man. Clin Sci 1989;77:581-588
    • (1989) Clin Sci , vol.77 , pp. 581-588
    • Tipton, M.J.1
  • 45
    • 33744908556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory responses to cold water immersion: Neural pathways, interactions, and clinical consequences awake and asleep
    • Datta A, Tipton M. Respiratory responses to cold water immersion: neural pathways, interactions, and clinical consequences awake and asleep. J Appl Physiol 2006;100:2057-2064
    • (2006) J Appl Physiol , vol.100 , pp. 2057-2064
    • Datta, A.1    Tipton, M.2
  • 46
    • 0024792343 scopus 로고
    • Hyperventilation response to cold water immersion: Reduction by staged entry
    • Hayward JS, French CD. Hyperventilation response to cold water immersion: reduction by staged entry. Aviat Space Environ Med 1989;60:1163-1165
    • (1989) Aviat Space Environ Med , vol.60 , pp. 1163-1165
    • Hayward, J.S.1    French, C.D.2
  • 47
    • 0037098875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The consequences of acute cold exposure on protein oxidation and proteasome activity in short-tailed fi eld voles, microtus agrestis
    • Selman C, Grune T, Stolzing A, et al. The consequences of acute cold exposure on protein oxidation and proteasome activity in short-tailed fi eld voles, microtus agrestis. Free Radic Biol Med 2002;33:259-265
    • (2002) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.33 , pp. 259-265
    • Selman, C.1    Grune, T.2    Stolzing, A.3
  • 48
    • 0342858890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulation in winter swimmers and physiological signifi cance of human catecholamine thermogenesis
    • Vybíral S, Lesná I, Jansky L, et al. Thermoregulation in winter swimmers and physiological signifi cance of human catecholamine thermogenesis. Exp Physiol 2000;85:321-326
    • (2000) Exp Physiol , vol.85 , pp. 321-326
    • Vybíral, S.1    Lesná, I.2    Jansky, L.3
  • 49
    • 0029869189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms involved in the generation of free radicals
    • Halliwell B. Mechanisms involved in the generation of free radicals. Pathol Biol 1996;44:6-13.
    • (1996) Pathol Biol , vol.44 , pp. 6-13
    • Halliwell, B.1
  • 50
    • 30344453651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulation of systemic oxygen fl ux by acute exercise and normobaric hypoxia: Implications for reactive oxygen species generation
    • Davison GW, Morgan RM, Hiscock N, et al. Manipulation of systemic oxygen fl ux by acute exercise and normobaric hypoxia: implications for reactive oxygen species generation. Clin Sci 2006;110:133-141
    • (2006) Clin Sci , vol.110 , pp. 133-141
    • Davison, G.W.1    Morgan, R.M.2    Hiscock, N.3
  • 51
    • 53549103020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular detection of exercise-induced free radicals following ascorbate prophylaxis in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled trial
    • Davison GW, Ashton T, George L, et al. Molecular detection of exercise-induced free radicals following ascorbate prophylaxis in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2008;51:2049-2059
    • (2008) Diabetologia , vol.51 , pp. 2049-2059
    • Davison, G.W.1    Ashton, T.2    George, L.3
  • 52
    • 4344675382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic implications of resistive force selection for oxidative stress and markers of muscle damage during 30 s of high-intensity exercise
    • Baker JS, Bailey DM, Hullin D, et al. Metabolic implications of resistive force selection for oxidative stress and markers of muscle damage during 30 s of high-intensity exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2004;92:321-327
    • (2004) Eur J Appl Physiol , vol.92 , pp. 321-327
    • Baker, J.S.1    Bailey, D.M.2    Hullin, D.3
  • 54
    • 77950130832 scopus 로고
    • Exercise, muscle damage and antioxidants
    • Strain JJ, ed London: Society of Chemical Industry
    • Jackson MJ. Exercise, muscle damage and antioxidants. In: Strain JJ, ed. Nutrition and sport. London: Society of Chemical Industry, 1995:78-85.
    • (1995) Nutrition and Sport , pp. 78-85
    • Jackson, M.J.1
  • 55
    • 0242467472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter swimming: Healthy or hazardous? Evidence and hypotheses
    • Kolettis TM, Kolettis MT. Winter swimming: healthy or hazardous? Evidence and hypotheses. Med Hypotheses 2003;61:654-656
    • (2003) Med Hypotheses , vol.61 , pp. 654-656
    • Kolettis, T.M.1    Kolettis, M.T.2
  • 56
    • 0028503493 scopus 로고
    • Supraventricular arrhythmias following breath-hold submersions in cold water
    • Tipton MJ, Kelleher PC, Golden FS. Supraventricular arrhythmias following breath-hold submersions in cold water. Undersea Hyperb Med 1994;21:305-313
    • (1994) Undersea Hyperb Med , vol.21 , pp. 305-313
    • Tipton, M.J.1    Kelleher, P.C.2    Golden, F.S.3
  • 57
    • 33749252151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Survival in cold water. Physiological consequences of accidental immersion in cold water]
    • Mantoni T, Belhage B, Pott FC. [Survival in cold water. Physiological consequences of accidental immersion in cold water]. Ugeskr Laeg 2006;168:3203-3205
    • (2006) Ugeskr Laeg , vol.168 , pp. 3203-3205
    • Mantoni, T.1    Belhage, B.2    Pott, F.C.3
  • 58
    • 0036561162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold effect on qt dispersion in healthy subjects
    • Chu CS, Lin TH, Lu YH, et al. Cold effect on qt dispersion in healthy subjects. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2002;18:236-240
    • (2002) Kaohsiung J Med Sci , vol.18 , pp. 236-240
    • Chu, C.S.1    Lin, T.H.2    Lu, Y.H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.