Nonverbal behavior in soccer: The influence of dominant and submissive body language on the impression formation and expectancy of success of soccer players

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Volumn 34, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 61-82

  Furley, Philip ^a   Dicks, Matt ^b   Memmert, Daniel ^a  

^a GERMAN SPORT UNIVERSITY COLOGNE   (Germany)

^b VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Implicit association test; Penalty; Person perception; Point light; Social cognition

Indexed keywords

EID: 84858027360     PISSN: 08952779     EISSN: 15432904     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1123/jsep.34.1.61     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Anzures, G., Ge, L., Wang, Z., Itakura, S., & Lee, K. (2010). Culture shapes efficiency of facial age judgments. PLoS ONE, 5, 1-5.
2. Asch, S.E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41, 258-290.
3. Atkinson, A.P., Dittrich, W.H., Gemmel, A.J., & Young, A.W. (2004). Emotion perception from dynamic and static body expressions in point-light and full-light displays. Perception, 33, 717-746.
4. Attrill, M.J., Gresty, K.A., Hill, R.A., & Barton, R.A. (2008). Red shirt color is associated with long-term team success in English football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26, 577-582.
5. Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: an agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1-26.
6. Banting, L.K., Dimmock, J.A., & Lay, B.S. (2009). The role of implicit and explicit components of exerciser self-schema in the prediction of exercise behaviour. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 80-86.
7. Baumeister, R.F., Vohs, K.D., & Funder, D.C. (2007). Psychology as the science of selfreports and finger movements. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2, 396-403.
8. Blake, R., & Shiffrar, M. (2007). Perception of Human Motion. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 47-73.
9. Bruner, J.S. (1957). Going beyond the information given. In H.E. Gruber, K.R. Hammond, & R. Jessor (Eds.), Contemporary approaches to cognition (pp. 41-69). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
10. Cañal-Bruland, R., & Schmidt, M. (2009). Response bias in judging deceptive movements. Acta Psychologica, 130, 235-240.
11. Carney, D., Cuddy, A., & Yap, A. (2010). Power Posing: Brief Nonverbal Displays Affect Neuroendocrine Levels and Risk Tolerance. Psychological Science, 21, 1363-1368.
12. Carney, D.R., Hall, J.A., & Smith LeBeau, L. (2005). Beliefs about the nonverbal expression of social power. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 29, 105-123.
13. Clarke, T.J., Bradshaw, M.F., Field, D.T., Hampson, S.E., & Rose, D. (2005). The perception of emotion from body movement in point-light displays of interpersonal dialogue. Perception, 34, 1171-1180.
14. Darwin, C. (2009). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. New York, NY: Oxford. (Original work published 1872).
15. De Waal, F. (1998). Chimpanzee politics: Power and sex among apes. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
16. Dicks, M., Button, C., & Davids, K. (2010). Examination of gaze behaviors under in situ and video simulation task constraints reveals differences in information pickup for perception and action. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 72, 706-720.
17. Dijker, A.J.M. (1987). Emotional reaction to ethnic minorities. European Journal of Social Psychology, 17, 305-325.
18. Elliot, A.J., Maier, M.A., Binser, M.J., Friedman, R., & Pekrun, R. (2009). The effect of red on avoidance behavior in achievement contexts. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 365-375.
19. Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions revealed. New York: Times Books.
20. Feltman, R., & Elliot, A.J. (2011). The influence of red on perceptions of relative dominance and threat in a competitive context. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 33, 308-314.
21. Feltz, D.L., Short, S.E., & Sullivan, P.J. (2008). Self-efficacy in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
22. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
23. Fiske, S.T., & Taylor, S.E. (1991). Social cognition. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
24. Fiske, S.T., Lin, M., & Neuberg, S.L. (1999). The continuum model: Ten years later. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual process theories in social psychology (pp. 231-254). New York: Guilford.
25. Freeman, J.B., & Ambady, N. (2011). A dynamic interactive theory of person construal. Psychological Review, 118, 247-279.
26. Greenlees, I.A. (2007). Person perception in sport. In S. Jowett & D. Lavallee (Eds.), Social psychology of sport (pp. 195-208). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
27. Greenlees, I.A., Bradley, A., Thelwell, R.C., & Holder, T.P. (2005a). The impact of two forms of opponents' non-verbal communication on impression formation and outcome expectations. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 6, 103-115.
28. Greenlees, I.A., Buscombe, R., Thelwell, R.C., Holder, T.P., & Rimmer, M. (2005b). Impact of opponents' clothing and body language on impression formation and outcome expectations. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 27, 39-52.
29. Greenlees, I.A., Leyland, A., Thelwell, R.C., & Filby, W. (2008). Soccer penalty takers' uniform colour and pre-penalty kick gaze affect the impressions formed of them by opposing goalkeepers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26, 569-576.
30. Greenwald, A.G., McGhee, D.E., & Schwartz, J.L.K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464-1480.
31. Greenwald, A.G., Nosek, B.A., & Banaji, M.R. (2003). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 197-216.
32. Greenwald, A.G., Pickrell, J.E., & Farnham, S.D. (2002). Implicit partisanship: Taking sides for no reason. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 367-379.
33. Hagemann, N., Strauss, B., & Leißing, J. (2008). When the referee sees red. Psychological Science, 19, 769-771.
34. Harker, L., & Keltner, D. (2001). Expressions of positive emotion in women's college yearbook pictures and their relationship to personality and life outcomes across adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 112-124.
35. Hill, R.A., & Barton, R.A. (2005). Red enhances human performance in contests. Nature, 435, 293.
36. Johansson, G. (1973). Visual perception of biological motion and a model for its analysis. Perception & Psychophysics, 14, 201-211.
37. Jordet, G. (2009). Why do English players fail in soccer penalty shootouts? A study of team status, self-regulation, and choking under pressure. Journal of Sports Sciences, 27, 97-106.
38. Knutson, B. (1996). Facial expressions of emotion influence interpersonal trait inferences. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 20, 165-182.
39. Kunda, Z. (1999). Social cognition: Making sense of people. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
40. Marsh, K.L., Richardson, M.J., Baron, R.M., & Schmidt, R.C. (2006). Contrasting approaches to perceiving and acting with others. Ecological Psychology, 18, 1-37.
41. Masters, R., Poolton, J., & van der Kamp, J. (2010). Regard and perceptions of size in soccer: Better is bigger. Perception, 39, 1290-1295.
42. Moll, T., Jordet, G., & Pepping, G-J. (2010). Emotional contagion in soccer penalty shootouts: Celebration of individual success is associated with ultimate team success. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28, 983-992.
43. Montepare, J.M., & Dobish, H. (2003). The contribution of emotion perceptions and their overgeneralizations to trait impressions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 27, 237-254.
44. Psychological Software Tools. (2007). E-Prime (Version 1.0). Pittsburgh, PA: Author. [Computer software].
45. Rowe, C., Harris, J.M., & Roberts, S.C. (2005). Seeing Red? Putting sportswear in context. Nature, 437, E10.
46. Rudman, L.A., & Ashmore, R.D. (2007). Discrimination and the implicit association test. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 10, 359-372.
47. Runeson, S., & Frykholm, G. (1983). Kinematic specification of dynamics as an informational basis for person-and-action perception: expectation, gender recognition, and deceptive information. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 112(4), 585-615.
48. Stone, J., Perry, Z.W., & Darley, J.M. (1997). "White men can't jump": Evidence for the perceptual confirmation of racial stereotypes following a basketball game. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 19, 291-306.
49. Tracy, J.L., & Robins, R.W. (2008). The automaticity of emotion recognition. Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 8, 81-95.
50. Van der Kamp, J., & Masters, R. (2008). The human Müller-Lyer illusion in goalkeeping. Perception, 37, 951-954.
51. Van der Kamp, J., Rivas, F., van Doorn, H., & Savelsbergh, G.J.P. (2008). Ventral and dorsal contributions in visual anticipation in fast ball sports. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 39(2), 100-130.
52. Weast, J.A., Shockley, K., & Riley, M.A. (2011). The influence of athletic experience and kinematic information on skill-relevant affordance perception. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64(4), 689-706.